山东省2025届高考英语二轮复习考点透析解密14阅读理解之推理判断题讲义+分层训练

解密14阅读理解之推理推断题考点详解考点详解 推理推断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括推断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的推断，正确的推断又依靠于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出肯定推断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字依据的推理，也不能依据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是依据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有： 1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat… 2.Wecanconcludethat… 3.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat… 4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理推断题所占的比例也许在7％-10％，一般可以归纳为五大题型：细微环节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预料想象推理题和写作意图推想题。下面就这五大类型的题目进行剖析：题型一细微环节推断题： 常见的设问方式： Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat_________. Theauthormainlysuggeststhat________. Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_______. Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystates_______. Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers? 细微环节推断题属于深层理解题，要求依据语篇内容，推断详细细微环节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。干扰项特点： 1.文章中干脆用于表达细微环节的信息 2.文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论 3.与文章内容完全相反的结论 4.不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。解题技巧 1.要全面分析全部相关信息，切忌片面思索，得出片面结论。 2.要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。 3.留意不要选择表层信息答案，应当立足由已知推断未知。（2024·全国新课标卷II.D）Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.【答案】32.C【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲解并描述了作者是一个热忱的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣扬图书馆。32.推理推断题。依据第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我始终是一个热忱的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参与聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经验冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不行分的。故选C。题型二预料推断题： 常见的设问方式： Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhen/if…? Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_______. Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybeabout_______. Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph? 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，这就要求考生依据语篇内容，对事务可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预料、推断。作这类题时考生应精确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较精确的、合情合理的揣测。 解题技巧做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事务发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预料。 做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事务发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预料。 In1971wewerelivinginWichita,Kansas—Lincolnwasaboutseven,BrendanwasthreeandKristenwasababy.Momwasstayingwithusduringtheholidays.OnChristmasEveIstayedupverylate.Iwastotallyalonewithmythoughts,alternatingbetweenjoyandsorrow,andIgottothinkaboutmypaperroute(送报),thattree,whatmymotherhadsaidtomeandhowdadhadtriedtomakethingsbetter. IheardanoiseinthekitchenanddiscoveredthatitwasMom.Shecouldn’tsleepeitherandhadgottenuptomakeherselfacupofhotteawhichmadeherfeelbetter.Asshewaitedforthewatertoboil,shewalkedintothelivingroomanddiscoveredmethere.ShesawmyopenBibleandaskedmewhatIwasreading.WhenItoldher,sheaskedifIwouldreadittoherandIdid. Whenthekettlebegantowhistle,shewentandmadehertea.Shecameback.ItoldherhowhappyIwasthatshewaswithusforChristmasandhowIwishedthatDadcouldhavelivedtoseehisgrandchildrenandtoenjoythistimebecausehealwayslovedChristmassomuch.Shewentveryquietforamomentandthenshesaid,"DoyourememberthattimeonTwelveMileRoadwhenyouboughtthattreewithyourpaperroutemoney?" "Yes,"Isaid,"I’vejustbeenthinkingaboutityouknow." Shehesitatedforalongmoment,asthoughsomethingwasbottledupsodeeplyinsidehersoulthatitmighttakecouragetogetitout.Finally,greattearsrolleddownherfaceandshecried,"Oh,son,pleaseforgiveme.ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid."1.Howmanychildrendidtheauthorhave? A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.2.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthor’sfather? A.Helivedwiththeauthor. B.Helovedhisgrandsons. C.Helovedhiswifedeeply. D.Hehadpassedaway.3.Whycouldn’ttheauthor’smotherfallasleep? A.Becausesheneededtocareforthechildren. B.Becausesherememberedthepreviousthing. C.Becauseshewantedtheauthortoreadforher. D.Becauseshewasunwillingtolivewiththeauthor.4.Whatislikelytobedescribedinthenextparagraph? A.HowtheywouldcelebratetheChristmas. B.Howtheauthor’sfathersupportedthefamily. C.Whathappenedtotheauthor’sparentsinthepast. D.Thereasonfortheauthor’sparents’divorce. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。我和三个孩子以及我的母亲居住在一起。圣诞前夜,我熬夜未睡,意外发觉母亲也未入睡,当我们回忆往事时,她失声痛哭。1.C【解析】细微环节理解题。依据第一段第一句中的"Lincolnwasaboutseven,BrendanwasthreeandKristenwas ababy"可知,作者有三个孩子,故C项正确。2.D【解析】推理推断题。依据第三段中的"andhowIwishedthatDadcouldhavelivedtoseehisgrandchildren" 可推知,作者的父亲已经去世,故D项正确。3.B【解析】推理推断题。依据最终一段中的"Finally,greattearsrolleddownherfaceandshecried,‘...Thattime andthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcould tellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid.’"可知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事,对自己所做的事感到难受,因此 无法入眠,故B项正确。本题也可用解除法解题。A项和D项在文中未提及,C项是文中的内容,但并不 是作者母亲无法入睡的缘由。4.C【解析】推理推断题。依据最终一段母亲所说的话"ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmy heartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid"可推 知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事,对自己所做的事感到难受;据此可以推断,下文将叙述发生在作者父母身 上的故事,故C项正确。题型三文章来源或读者对象题： 常见的设问方式： Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_______. Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________. Whereisthepassagemostlikelyfrom? 文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备肯定的常识。因此考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普学问、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能在做题时依据文章的特点选出答案。（2024﹒全国新高考C）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A.Hisfriends'invitation. B.Hisinterestinthecountry.C.Hisloveforteaching. D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook. B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter. D.Torecommendatraveldestination.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.A【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲解并描述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速视察。8.细微环节理解题。依据第一段的”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry.hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍旧被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消逝的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的爱好让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。9.词句揣测题。划线句是其次段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，依据第一段最终一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(几年后，仍旧被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消逝的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消逝的文章这件事，故选D。10.推理推断题。依据第三段”ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既体会到了友善和暖和，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，MrBissell观赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参与了一个山区葬礼，然后参与了一个惊奇的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难受。由此可知，在旅途中，他经验了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充溢事务的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。11.推理推断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲解并描述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速视察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。题型四写作意图推断题： 常见的设问方式： Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______. Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________. Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________. Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________. 写作意图推断题要求考生依据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不干脆表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所供应的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的实力。 一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。（2024·全国卷Ⅰ·C）Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalemLikerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.30.WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical. B.Objective.C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好询问专家的建议。28.细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摇摆腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是须要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员须要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。29.细微环节理解题。依据最终一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。30.细微环节理解题。依据最终一段Dr.Norberg说的话“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应当首先询问教练或有阅历的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。31.推理推断题。依据第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.”可知，探讨表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身好处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此推断出作者对于竞走的看法是客观的。故选B项。题型五人物性格、心情境况、看法及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的心情、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的看法、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时肯定留意：（1）由表及里地精确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，看法观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色调的形容词。（2024·新课标全国卷Ⅲ·B） When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(动作捕获)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.24.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A.Toseefamousfilmstars.B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D.Theperformanceofrealapes.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated.B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.TheycouldbetradedillegallyD.Theywouldlosepopularity.【答案】24.D25.B26.D27.A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有运用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄运用的是数字化人猿的创建技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织亲密关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。24.细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，赞扬电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物爱护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。25.主旨大意题。依据其次段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(动作捕获)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕获技术创建数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，其次段主要是关于数字化人猿的创建。故选B项。26.词句揣测题。依据第三段划线前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影消遣中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（很多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物爱护人士的生气，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正亲密关注着2000多部影片。由此推断出，划线词的意思是“亲密关注”。故选D项。27.推理推断题。依据最终一段Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.”（在某些状况下，让活动人士担忧的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些状况下，让活动人士担忧的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此推断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。检测训练检测训练题组一真题在线Passage1（2024·新课标全国卷=2\*ROMANII·C） Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays，”Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Becamemature. C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.31.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It’sformal. B.It’srisky. C.It’sharmful. D.It’straditional.【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。28.推理推断题。依据其次段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监CreeMcCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以推断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。29.推理推断题。依据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担忧以至于他们确定依据一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严峻破坏生态平衡，。故选A。30.词义揣测题。依据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的限制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年头末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，依据but推断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于限制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。31.推理推断题。依据其次段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，依据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。Passage2（2024·浙江卷.A）Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsharingmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers.TodothisIhavesearchedthroughdozensofplaystofindtheonesthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywright(剧作家)hopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpressiongrowingoutofthetheme.Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.However,avarietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.Theseincludecomedy,satire,poignantdrama,historicalandregionaldrama.Toshowtheversatility(多面性)oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidanceplay,aradioplayandatelevisionplay.Amongthewritersoftheplaysinthiscollection,PaulGreen,SusanGlaspell,MaxwellAnderson,ThorntonWilder,WilliamSaroyan,andTennesseeWilliamshaveallreceivedPulitzerPrizesfortheircontributionstothetheater.Moreinformationabouttheplaywrightswillbefoundattheendofthisbook.Togetthemostoutofreadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,thereader,intheaudience.Thehouselightsdim(变暗).Thecurtainsareabouttoopen,andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltellyouthestory.21.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A.Hehaswrittendozensofplays. B.Hehasadeeploveforthetheater.C.Heisaprofessionalstageactor. D.Helikesreadingshortplaystoothers.22.Whatdoestheauthoravoiddoinginhiswork?A.Statingtheplays’centralideas. B.Selectingworksbyfamousplaywrights.C.Includingvarioustypesofplays. D.Offeringinformationontheplaywrights.23.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowhilereadingtheplays?A.Controltheirfeelings. B.Applytheiractingskills.C.Usetheirimagination. D.Keeptheiraudienceinmind.24.Whatisthistext?A.Ashortstory. B.Anintroductiontoabook.C.Aplayreview. D.Anadvertisementforatheater.【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者的书籍的序言部分，包括其编写目的，书籍内容主体，以及如何实现有乐趣的阅读本书的建议。21.细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段内容“…andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsharingmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers”可知，作者编辑这本书的最好的缘由是希望与他人共享对戏剧的热忱，因此可知作者对于戏剧饱含热忱。故选B项。22.细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段内容“Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.”可知，作者并不想指出这本书中每一部戏剧的中心主题，因为那样的确会破坏阅读、探讨和思索戏剧以及剧作家的有效性的乐趣。A项“Statingtheplays”centralideas(陈述戏剧的中心思想)”与原文表达信息一样。故选A项。23.细微环节理解题。依据文章末尾段内容“Togetthemostoutofthereadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,thereader,intheaudience.”可知，作者建议读者试着想象戏剧在舞台上上演，不再是读者而是成为观众，才能实现最佳的阅读乐趣。C项“Usetheirimagination”与原文“trytopicturetheplayonthestage”表达信息一样。故选C项。24.推理推断题。依据文章首段内容“Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonfore