考向1人与自然之自然景观-2022年中考英语阅读理解专项突破

专题四：人与自然备战2022年中考英语阅读理解专项突破考向1人与自然之自然景观Passage1（2021·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）It’s2050.TheEarthisdying,andmovingtoMarsseemstobetheonlywayoutforhumans.AteamofAmericanastronauts(宇航员)begintosearchonMars.ThisiswhatthemovieRedPlanetbeginswith.KnownastheRedPlanet,Marsisthefavouriteofwritersandfilmmakers.MarsisthefourthplanetfromtheSunandthenextplanetbeyondtheEarth.MarsistheonlyplanetwhosesurfacecanbeseenfromtheEarth.Itisabouthalfsizeofourplanet.ThesurfaceofMarsismoreliketheEarththananyotherplanet.ButitisfurtherfromtheSunthantheEarth,sotemperaturesonMarsaremuchlower.PlantsandanimalscannotlivenowonMars.ButmanyscientistsstillbelievethatsuchlifemayhavebeenonMarslongago.On6thAugust,1996,scientistsdiscoveredapieceofrockfromMars,whichfelltotheEarth13,000yearsago.10yearslater,somescientistsstilldidn’tacceptthattherewaslifeonMars.PeoplemaynotbesureaboutlifeonMarsuntilasample(样本)oflifeisbroughtback.Somefurtherresearchesarebeingdoneinmanycountries.Ifyouwanttoknowmore,pleaseclickspaceexploration.Choosetherightansweraccordingtothepassage.1．WhyisthemovieRedPlanetmentioned?A．Tointroducethetopic. B．ToadvisereaderstogotoMars.C．TopareMarswiththeEarth. D．TotellstoriesaboutAmericanastronauts.2．WhatdoweknowaboutMars?A．MarsisasbigastheEarthinsize.B．MarsisthefourthplanetfromtheEarth.C．ThesurfaceofMarsissimilartothatoftheEarth.D．MarsisoneoftheplanetswhosesurfacescanbeseenfromtheEarth.3．NolifeexistsonMarsbecause________.A．itistoosoft B．itistoofar C．itistoosmall D．itisloocold4．WhatdidscientistsfindfromMarsin1996?A．Someplants B．Someanimals C．Apieceofrock D．Somewater5．Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom________.A．anotice B．awebsite C．adiary D．atourguide【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．C5．B【分析】本文是一个网站介绍了有关火星的情况。1．推理判断题。根据“ThisiswhatthemovieRedPlanetbeginswith.KnownastheRedPlanet,Marsisthefavouriteofwritersandfilmmakers”可知，提到这部电影是为了引出有关火星的主题，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“ThesurfaceofMarsismoreliketheEarththananyotherplanet”可知，火星的表面比其他任何行星更像地球，故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“sotemperaturesonMarsaremuchlower.PlantsandanimalscannotlivenowonMars”可知，因为火星上的气温太低了，故选D。4．细节理解题。根据“On6thAugust,1996,scientistsdiscoveredapieceofrockfromMars,whichfelltotheEarth13,000yearsago”可知，在1996年发现了一块来自火星的岩石，故选C。5．推理判断题。根据“pleaseclickspaceexploration”可知，这篇文章来自一个网站，故选B。Passage2（2021·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Whenyourtownhaswinter,theearth’saxis(轴)ispointingawayfromthesun.Yourtowndoesn’tgetasmuchlightorheatfromthesun.Thedaysareshorterandcolder.Winterandsummerhappenbecausetheearthistilted(倾斜)asitrevolvesaroundthesun.Thenorthernendoftheearth’saxispointstowardsthesuninsummer.Youhavemorehoursoflightinsummer.Yourpartoftheearthistowardsthesunformorehourseachday.Whenthepartoftheearthwhereyouliveistowardsthesun,youhavehotterdays.Inwinter,whenyourpartoftheearthpointsawayfromthesun,youhavecolderdays.Youhavelearnedaboutwinterandsummer.Therearetwomoreseasonsintheyear.Oneesafterwinterandbeforesummer.Theotherseasonesaftersummerandbeforewinter.Canyounamethem?That’sright.Springesbetweenwinterandsummerandautumnesaftersummerbutbeforewinter.Thefourseasonsarespring,summer,autumnandwinter.Springandautumnareappositeseasons.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Youhavethoughtaboutthefourseasonsoftheyear.Eachseasonisdifferent.Theseasonsaremadebythenorthernendoftheaxispointingtowardsorawayfromthesun.Yourpartoftheworldgetsmoreheatfromthesunwhenthenorthernendoftheaxispointstothesun.Whentheaxispointsawayfromthesun,yougetlessheat.Nowyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer.Theaxisispointingawayfromthesuninwinter.Itispointingtowardsthesuninsummer.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“revolves”inparagraph2mean?A．Moves. B．Turns. C．Jumps. D．Sites.7．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Howfourseasonshappen. B．Howtheweatherchanges.C．Whentheearth’saxispointstowardsthesun. D．Whentheearth’saxispointsawayfromthesun.8．Wheredoesthepassageprobablyefrom?A．Afilmguide. B．Astorybook. C．Asciencemagazine. D．Abookreview.【答案】6．A7．A8．C【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍的是四个季节是如何形成的。6．词义猜测题。根据“theearthistilted…aroundthesun”可知表达地球绕着太阳旋转，“revolve”指的是“移动”，与“move”同义。故选A。7．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Youhavethoughtaboutthefourseasonsoftheyear.Eachseasonisdifferent.Theseasonsaremadebythenorthernendoftheaxispointingtowardsorawayfromthesun”可知文章主要讲述的是四季是如何形成的。故选A。8．推理判断题。文章介绍地球绕着太阳旋转，四季的形成，可推知来自科技杂志。故选C。Passage3（2021·黑龙江虎林·中考真题）Youehomeonahotsummerday,hopingtohaveacoolbath,butfindthereisnowater.Thenyouseehowimportantwaterisinyourdailylife.Whilesometimesyouhavetheidea,inmanypartsoftheworld,waterisnotjustaboutone’severydayneeds.IncountrieslikeTanzania,waterishardtoget,andthejobofcollectingwaterfallsonwomen’sshoulders.Girlsoftenhavetoleaveschooltocollectwater,whiletheirbrothersstayatschoolstudying.Thegirlsspendmoretimecollectingwater.Thatmeanstheyhavelesstimeforlearning.Forthesegirls,“KnowledgeisPower”isnotjustwords;it’sasadfactinreallife.Astheyspendlesstimeatschool,theyhavefewerchancesofgettinggoodjobs,andtheyoftenhavenochoicesonimportantmatters,likewhotomarry.Thesegirlsareoftenmarriedintopoorfamilies.Theyhavelittlemoneyorknowledgetotakecareoftheirchildren.Forthebabygirlswhoareluckyenoughtosurvive(生存),theirlifemaybestillaround“water”,justliketheirmothers’.Choosethebestchoiceaccordingtowhatyouread.9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theidea”mean?A．Waterisimportantinone’severydaylife.B．Waterisnotjustaboutone’severydayneeds.C．It’snicetohaveacoolbathonahotsummerday.10．Collectingwateris________job.A．men’s B．women’s C．boys’11．“KnowledgeisPower”is________forTanzaniangirls.A．notjustwords B．asadfactinreallife C．bothAandB12．WhichisTRUEabouttheTanzanianwomenaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyhavemanychancesofgettinggoodjobs.B．Theyoftenhavechoicesonimportantmatters.C．Thebabygirls’lifemaybestilljustliketheirmothers’.13．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．ThegirlshaveahardlifeincountrieslikeTanzania.B．Whyit’simportanttosavewater.C．Howwatermaygiveacountrypower.【答案】9．A10．B11．C12．C13．A【分析】文章通过举例坦桑尼亚这样的极度缺水的国家来说明水是多么的重要在我们的生活中。9．词义猜测题。根据“...Thenyouseehowimportantwaterisinyourdailylife.Whilesometimesyouhavetheidea,inmanypartsoftheworld,waterisnotjustaboutone’severydayneeds.”可知，当没水洗澡的时候我们会意识到水是多么的重要，但在世界许多地方，水不仅仅是一个人的日常需要，所以此处的“theidea”指的是“水是多么的重要”这个想法，故选A。10．细节理解题。根据“IncountrieslikeTanzania,waterishardtoget,andthejobofcollectingwaterfallsonwomen’sshoulders.”可知，收集水的工作落在妇女身上，故选B。11．细节理解题。根据“Forthesegirls,“KnowledgeisPower”isnotjustwords;it’sasadfactinreallife.”可知，对这些女孩来说，“知识就是力量”不仅仅是语言；在现实生活中这是一个可悲的事实。故选C。12．推理判断题。根据“Forthebabygirlswhoareluckyenoughtosurvive(生存),theirlifemaybestillaround“water”,justliketheirmothers’.”可知，对于那些有幸存活下来的女婴来说，她们的生活可能仍然像她们的母亲一样，围着“水”转，故选C。13．推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章主要介绍在坦桑尼亚的女性的命运和水连在一起，女孩们在收集水的事情上花费的时间越多，她们越没有时间学习，越没有工作的机会，越没有选择权，而对于那些有幸存活下来的女婴来说，她们的生活可能仍然像她们的母亲一样，围着“水”转，所以女孩们在坦桑尼亚这样的国家过着艰苦的生活，故选A。Passage4（2021·湖北十堰·中考真题）Ariverisaflowing（流动的）,movingstreamofwater.Usuallyariverfeedswaterintoanocean,lake,pond,orevenanotherriver.Riverscandifferinsizeandthereisnostrictruleonhowbigaflowofwatermustbetobecalledasariver.Herearethefivelongestriversintheworld.TheNileRiverTheNileRiveris4,135mileslong.ItislocatedinthecontinentofAfrica,mostlyinthecountriesofEgyptandSudan.ItflowsnorthintotheMediterraneanSea.TheAmazonRiverTheAmazonRiveris3,980mileslong.ItislocatedinthecontinentofSouthAmericaandflowsthroughseveralcountriesincludingBrazil,Venezuela,Bolivia,andEcuador.ItendsattheAtlanticOcean.TheYangtzeRiverLocatedinChina,theYangtzeRiveris3,917mileslongandflowsintotheEastChinaSea.TheMississippiRiverandtheMissouriRiverTheriversystemoftheMississippiRiverandtheMissouriRiveristhelongestriversysteminNorthAmericaat3,902miles.ItflowssouthintotheGulfofMexico.TheYeniseiRiverTheYeniseiRiverstartsinMongoliaandflowsthroughRussiatotheKaraSeaintheArcticOcean.It’s3,445mileslong.Thereare76riversintheworldover1,000mileslong.Alotofpeoplethinkthatriversalwaysflowsouth,but4ofthe10longestriversintheworldflownorth.TheUnitedStatesalonehasaround3.5millionmilesofrivers.Fourofthetop10longestriversflowthroughChinaatsomepoint.14．TheNileRiveris_________longerthantheYangtzeRiver.A．155miles B．218miles C．233miles D．690miles15．Whichisthesecondlongestriverintheworld?A．TheNileRiver. B．TheMississippiRiver. C．TheYangtzeRiver. D．TheAmazonRiver.16．TheMississippiRiverendsat_________.A．theMediterraneanSea B．theEastChinaSeaC．theGulfofMexico D．theArcticOcean17．Accordingtothepassage,howmanyriversarethereintheworldover1,000mileslong?A．10. B．76. C．4. D．35.18．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Funfactsaboutworldrivers.B．Inwhichdirectionmostriversflow.C．Riversover1,000mileslongintheworld.D．FourlongestriversflowingthroughChina.【答案】14．B15．D16．C17．B18．A【分析】本文主要介绍了世界上最长的五条河流——尼罗河、亚马逊河、长江、密西西比河和叶尼塞河，以及一些河流的有趣事实。14．细节理解题。根据“TheNileRiveris4,135mileslong.”和“theYangtzeRiveris3,917mileslong”可知，尼罗河比长江长218英里，故选B。15．细节理解题。根据“Herearethefivelongestriversintheworld.”和“TheAmazonRiver”可知，本文按顺序介绍世界上五条最长的河，所以亚马逊河是世界上第二长河，故选D。16．细节理解题。根据“ItflowssouthintotheGulfofMexico.”可知，密西西比河向南流入墨西哥湾。故选C。17．细节理解题。根据“Thereare76riversintheworldover1,000mileslong.”可知，世界上有76条超过1000英里长的河流。故选B。18．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了世界上最长的五条河流以及一些河流的事实。选项A“关于世界河流的有趣事实”符合主题，故选A。Passage5（2021·浙江衢州·中考真题）Thereareabout1.5millionkindsoflivingthingsonEarth,buthowmanydoyouseeeveryday?Youoftenseethebigcolourfulanimals,likebirds,rabbits,andfish.Butlookmoreclosely.Canyouseethesmallones,too?Insects（昆虫）makeup80percentofalltheworld’slivingkinds.Lookontheground.Imagineyoucouldlookundertheground,too.Manysmalllivingthingswithonecelllivethere.Lifeiseverywherearoundus,ineverycubicfoot(afoot=12inches).DavidLittschwagerisaphotographerwhowantedtofindouthowmanylivingthingslivedinonecubicfoot.Sohemadea12inchcubewithagreenmetalframe.Andthenheputitinfivehabitats（栖息地）.Hechoseatropicalrainforest（CostaRica）,acoralreef（PacificOcean),theTableMountain(SouthAfrica),afreshwaterriver(USA),andasmallpark(NewYork).Threeweekswerespentateachplace.Hewatched,counted,andtookphotosofeverythingdowntoImillimeterinsize—thatcrawled（爬）orflewintothecube.Theresultswereamazing.Liittschwagerfoundbothmonandrarelivingthings.Hediscoveredmanynewlivingkinds,likeastrangetransparentoctopusthatisthesizeofafingernail!Intotal,morethanathousandlivingthingswerephotographed.LiittchwagersaidtheOneCubicFootexperiencewaslike“findingtreasure”.DavidLiittschwageralsofoundthatthehighestbiodiversity（生物多样性）inthereefwasintheskeletoncoral（珊瑚遗骨）.Theseskeletoncoralaresuitableforsealivingthingsofallsizestogrow.Althoughthecoralreefhadthewidestrangeofbiodiversity,alltheotherhabitatswerefulloflife.Eventhecitypark!19．Whatdoes“onecubicfoot”meaninParagraph2?A．1inchx1inch B．1inchx1inchxlinchC．12inchesx12inches D．12inchesx12inchesx12inches20．WhatdidDavidLiittschwagerthinkoftheOneCubicFootexperience?A．Itwasvaluable. B．Itwasdifferent. C．Itwassimple. D．Itwasmon.21．Whichhabitathasthemostbiodiversity?A．Thetropicalrainforest. B．Thecoralreef. C．TheTableMountain. D．Thecitypark.22．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．LifeIsEverywhere B．FindTreasureinNatureC．FiveHabitatstoLivein D．AStoryofDavidLittschwager【答案】19．D20．A21．B22．A【分析】文章介绍了地球上大约有150万种生物，但你每天能看到多少种？生命无处不在，一位摄影师大卫·利特施瓦格，他想知道一立方英尺有多少生物，并做了相应的实验，以及对他的实验的情况介绍。19．细节理解题。根据“Sohemadea12inchcubewithagreenmetalframe.”可知，他做了一个12英寸的立方体，应该是长宽高都是12英寸，故选D。20．推理判断题。根据“Theresultswereamazing.Liittschwagerfoundbothmonandrarelivingthings.”可知，他认为实验的结果是令人惊讶的，他发现了普通和稀有的生物，所以说这个实验应该是有价值的，故选A。21．细节理解题。根据“DavidLiittschwageralsofoundthatthehighestbiodiversity（生物多样性）inthereefwasintheskeletoncoral（珊瑚遗骨）...Althoughthecoralreefhadthewidestrangeofbiodiversity”可知，珊瑚礁有最广泛的生物多样性，故选B。22．最佳标题题。根据“Thereareabout1.5millionkindsoflivingthingsonEarth...Lifeiseverywherearoundus,ineverycubicfoot”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要通过摄影师大卫·利特施瓦格的实验告诉我们，生命无处不在，故选A。Passage6（2021·浙江宁波·中考真题）Haveyoueverenteredatropicalrainforest(热带雨林)?RainforestsmakeuponlyasmallpartoftheEarth’ssurface,aboutsixpercent,buttherearemorekindsoftreesthananyotherareainthewholeworld.TropicalrainforestsareinAfrica,Asia,CentralandSouthAmerica,Australia,andonthePacificislands.ThelargesttropicalrainforestistheAmazon(亚马逊)RainforestinSouthAmerica,whichcovers1.2billionacres,oralmostfivemillionsquarekilometres.ThesecondlargestrainforestisinWesternAfrica.Rainforestsprovideuswithmanythings.Infact,theAmazonRainforestisthe“lungsofourplanet”becauseitproduces20%oftheworld’soxygen(氧气).Onefifthoftheworld’sfreshwaterisalsofoundintheAmazonRainforest.Furthermore,onehalfoftheworld’sspeciesofanimals,plantsandinsectsliveintheEarth’srainforests.80%ofthefoodweeatfirstgrewintherainforest.25%ofthedrugswetakewhenwearesickaremadeofplantsthatgrowonlyinrainforests.Someofthesedrugsareevenusedtofightandcurecancer.Therearefourdifferentlevelsoftreesinarainforest.Theforestflooristhelowestlayerfullofanimallifeandreceivestheleastamountoflight.Theunderstoreyisthedark,coolenvironmentundertheleavesbutovertheground.Thecanopylayeristheupperpartsofmostofthetrees.Theemergentlayercontainsasmallnumberofverytalltrees.Thesedifferentpartsofarainforestexisttogethertocreateanecosystemformanyanimals,plantsandhumanbeings.23．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．kindsofforest B．whererainforestsareC．factsaboutrainforests D．howmuchoxygenrainforestsmake24．TheAmazonRainforestprovidesuswith________percentoftheworld’soxygen.A．twenty B．twentyfive C．fifty D．eighty25．Wherecanweprobablyfindatropicalrainforestaccordingtothepassage?A．InFrance. B．InChina. C．InCanada. D．InBritain.26．Whichistherightpicturetoshowfourdifferentlevelsoftreesinarainforest?A．B．C．D．【答案】23．C24．A25．B26．D【分析】本文主要介绍热带雨林的一切情况，包括最大的热带雨林，雨林的用途以及热带雨林的分层。23．主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了热带雨林的一些情况，故选C。24．细节理解题。根据第三段“theAmazonRainforestisthe“lungsofourplanet”becauseitproduces20%oftheworld’soxygen.”可知，亚马逊雨林为我们提供了世界上20%的氧气，故选A。25．推理判断题。根据第二段“TropicalrainforestsareinAfrica,Asia,CentralandSouthAmerica,Australia,andonthePacificislands.”可知，热带雨林分布在非洲、亚洲、中南美洲、澳大利亚和太平洋岛屿上，中国属于亚洲，所以我们可能在中国能找到热带雨林，故选B。26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Therearefourdifferentlevelsoftreesinarainforest.Theforestflooristhelowestlayer…Theunderstoreyisthedark,coolenvironment…Thecanopylayeristheupperpartsofmostofthetrees.Theemergentlayercontainsasmallnumberofverytalltrees.”可知，雨林中有四种不同层次的树木。地面层是充满动物生命的最低层，接收的光线最少，灌木层是树叶下面的阴暗凉爽的环境，但是在地面上，树冠层是大部分树木的顶部，露生层包含了一小部分高大的树木。根据图示，故选D。Passage7（2021·浙江金华·中考真题）Theworldisfullofamazingnature,buildings,technologyanddiscoveries.Somearemanmadeandothershappennaturally.MusicalroadInJapan,thereareroadsthatplaymusicascarstraveloverthem.Grooves（沟）arecarefullycutintothesurfaceoftheroad.Thespacesbetweenthegroovesmakedifferentmusicascarstouchthem.Thecloserthegrovesare,thelouderthemusicwillbe..BicycleinthetreeOnVashonIsland,Washington,abikeisseenhighupinatree.Thebikeisnothangingonabranch（树枝）—itisfixedinthetreeandthetreehascontinuedgrowingupwards.Thetreegrowsaroundthebikeinsteadofpushingitover,makingitpartofitsgrowth.UndergroundcityInCappadocia,Turkey,amanknockeddownawallofhishomeanddiscoveredahugeundergroundcity.Ithasmanytunnels（隧道）,roomsandwells.Thousandsofshafts（通风井）bringairtoeventhedeepestlevels.Thecityishugeenoughfor200peopleandtheiranimalstolivein.27．Accordingtothepassage,themusicalroadplaysmusicbecause________.A．theroadishugeenough B．carsarerunningveryfastC．carstouchthespacesbetweenthegrooves D．thereisapianoontheroad28．Whatmakesthetreesoamazing?A．It’shighupinthesky. B．Itpushesabikeover.C．Abikehangsonitsbranch. D．Itcontinuesgrowingwithabikeinside.29．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwemostprobablyreadthispassage?A．Travel. B．Technology. C．Education. D．Health.【答案】27．C28．D29．A【分析】本文介绍了令人惊叹的位于日本的音乐之路，位于华盛顿的树上的自行车以及土耳其的地下城市。27．细节理解题。根据文中“Thespacesbetweenthegroovesmakedifferentmusicascarstouchthem.”可知，在汽车接触凹槽之间的空间时发出不同的音乐。故选C。28．细节理解题。根据文中“Thetreegrowsaroundthebikeinsteadofpushingitover,makingitpartofitsgrowth.”可知，这棵树令人惊奇，是因为这棵树围绕着自行车生长，使自行车成为它生长的一部分。故选D。29．推理判断题。根据“Theworldisfullofamazingnature,buildings,technologyanddiscoveries.Somearemanmadeandothershappennaturally.”结合本文主要介绍了令人惊叹的位于日本的音乐之路，位于华盛顿的树上的自行车以及土耳其的地下城市，内容与旅行有关，可推测，本文应该会出现在杂志的Travel部分。故选A。Passage8（2021·江苏连云港·中考真题）Youmighthaveseenbeautifulrainbowsintheskybefore.Theyformwhensunlightfallsonwaterdropsintheair.Butinfact,moonlightcanalsocreaterainbowsinthesameway.Theyarecalled“moonbows”.Theyaresimilartorainbows,buttheyarecreatedbymoonlightinsteadofdirectsunlight.Moonbowsarerarerthanrainbows.Differentweatherandastronomical（天文学的）conditionshavetobejustrightformoonbowstobecreated.Themoonhastobeverylowintheskyonly42degreesfromthehorizon（地平线）.Themoonperiodhastobeafullmoonornearlyfull.Theskymustbeverydarkforamoonbowtobewatchedclearlyanybrightlightcanobscureit.Waterdropsmustappearintheairintheoppositedirectionofthemoon.Moonbowsappearontheoppositesideofthemoonandusuallylookwhitetothehumaneye.Thisisbecausetheircolorsarenotbrightenoughtobenoticedbythehumaneye.Itispossible,however,toviewthecolorsinamoonbowusinglongexposure（长时间曝光）photography.Moonbowsmoreoftenappearinsomelocationsaroundtheworld.Mostoftheselocationsusuallyhavewaterfalls,whichcreatethinfogintheair.SomeoftheselocationsaretheYosemiteNationalParkinCaliforniaandCumberlandFallsStateResortParkinKentucky,US;VictoriaFallsontheborderofZambiaandZimbabwe;andWaimeainHawaii,US.Moonbowsdoreallyhappen.Soatacertaintimeandacertainplace,whenamoonbowhappenstoappear,youcan’tmissitifyou’rerightthere.30．Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,moonbowsare________.A．createdbysunlight B．mucheasiertofindC．seenduringtheday D．moredifficulttoform31．Whichofthefollowingcanbetheconditionsforamoonbowtoform?A．Ahalfmoonhangshighinthebrightsky.B．Afullmoonis50degreesfromthehorizon.C．Anearlyfullmoonhangslowinthedarksky.D．Waterdropsareintheoppositedirectionofthesun.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obscure”inparagraph3probablymean?A．cover B．drop C．connect D．produce33．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Conditionsofmoonbows. B．Backgroundofmoonbows.C．Locationsofmoonbows. D．Developmentofmoonbows.【答案】30．D31．C32．A33．C【分析】文章介绍了罕见的月虹形成的原因，条件等。30．细节理解题。根据“Moonbowsarerarerthanrainbows.Differentweatherandastronomical（天文学的）conditionshavetobejustrightformoonbowstobecreated.”可知，月虹比彩虹少见，更难形成，故选D。31．细节理解题。根据“Themoonhastobeverylowintheskyonly42degreesfromthehorizon（地平线）.Themoonperiodhastobeafullmoonornearlyfull.Theskymustbeverydarkforamoonbowtobewatchedclearly”可知，月亮在天空中必须非常低，离地平线只有42度。月亮周期必须是满月或接近满月。天空一定很暗，才能清楚地看到月虹，故选C。32．词义猜测题。根据“Theskymustbeverydarkforamoonbowtobewatchedclearlyanybrightlightcanobscureit.”可知，天空一定很暗，才能清楚地看到月虹，任何光线都能遮住它，所以单词“obscure”指的是“遮住，覆盖”，故选A。33．主旨大意题。根据“Moonbowsmoreoftenappearinsomelocationsaroundtheworld.”可知，这里介绍的是能够容易出现月虹的一些地方，故选C。Passage9（2021·浙江嘉兴·中考真题）Thenaturalworldiscolorfulwithhumans,plantsandanimalsshowingdifferentcolors.Humanskincanbemanydifferentcolorsanditchangeswiththesun,ourfeelingsorourhealthforexample.Thisisbecauseofpigments(色素),whichreflectlightandmakewhattheeyeseesascolors.So,whenwefeelexcitedorangry,ourheartcansendmorebloodtothefaceandthepigmentsintheskinbeered.Thisiswhywehavetheexpressionthatsomeone“seesred”whentheyareangry.Plantsalsohavepigments.Colorisimportantforthemtoliveon.Thebrightcolorsofflowerscatchtheattentionofinsects(昆虫),whichthencarrytheirpollen(花粉)fromoneflowertoanother.Beescanseecolorswecannot,andtheyfollowthesetotheinsideoftheflower.Withoutbeesvisitingflowersinthisway,manyplantswoulddieout.Animalsalsousecolorfortheirownneed.Theyprotectthemselveswithdifferentcolorssoasnottobeseenbypredators.Thesnowshoehareforexample,atypeofwildrabbit,changescolorwithseasonsforthisreason.Duringsummeritisabrowncolor,andinwinteritiswhitesothatitcanhideinthesnow.However,someanimalsusecolorasawarningtomakepredatorsstayaway.Brightcolorssuchasyellowandredareoftenusedinthisway.Nature,however,isveryclever,andpredatorsalsousecolorstoattract(吸引)theanimalstheyfeedon.So,wecanseethattheremaybemanydifferentreasonsandusesforcolorsinthenaturalworld.Someusesofcolorinnatureremainunknown,butonethingisforsure,colornotonlymakesourplanetbeautifulbutitisalsonecessaryforourplanettoliveon.34．Paragraph2mainlytellsusthat________is/arethecausethatmakeshumanskinchangecolor.A．feelings B．pigments C．blood D．sunshine35．AccordingtoParagraph3,plantscanuse________toattractinsects.A．leaves B．fruits C．pollen D．color36．Theunderlinedword“predators”inParagraph4referstoanimalswhich________.A．hideinsecretplaces B．killotheranimalsforfoodC．changecolorwiththesun D．protectthemselvesfromdanger37．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Todescribeanimals’waysoflife. B．Toencourageustostudycolorinnature.C．Tointroducetheusesofcolorsforlifeonearth. D．Toexplaintheimportanceofprotectingourplanet.【答案】34．B35．D36．B37．C【分析】自然界中有不同的颜色，这些颜色不仅使我们的星球美丽，在自然界中，颜色有许多不同的原因和用途，它是我们的星球生存的必要。34．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thisisbecauseofpigments(色素),whichreflectlightandmakewhattheeyeseesascolors.”可知，人的皮肤可以有很多不同的颜色，这是因为色素反射光线，使眼睛看到的东西变成了颜色。故选B。35．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thebrightcolorsofflowerscatchtheattentionofinsects(昆虫),whichthencarrytheirpollen(花粉)fromoneflowertoanother.”可知，植物用花朵鲜艳的颜色吸引昆虫。故选D。36．词义猜测题。根据语境“Theyprotectthemselveswithdifferentcolorssoasnottobeseenbypredators.”可知，动物用不同的颜色保护自己，由此可推知predators指的是“以某种动物为食的动物”，B选项“杀死其他动物作为食物”符合语境，故选B。37．推理判断题。短文第一段介绍自然界中有各种各样的颜色，第二、三、四段分别介绍了人类、植物和动物对颜色的使用；最后一段总结了颜色在自然界中的重要性。C选项“介绍颜色对地球上生命的作用”符合文意，故选C。Passage10（2020·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Antarctica（南极洲）isatthesouthernendoftheEarth.Itisthecoldest,driestandwindiestplaceonourplanet.Whatwoulditbeliketoliveandworkthere?OnOct15,50Chineseresearcherstookas