考点03代词的基本用法-2023年中考英语一轮复习（原卷版）

考点03代词的基本用法代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词。考向一、代词的概念代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。考向二、代词的分类英语中代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。考向三、代词的用法1.人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我”“你”“他”“我们”“你们”“他们”。数格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称wemeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit(1)人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：SheismyEnglishteacher.(2)宾格在句中作宾语。例如：Theydon’twantmetogotherealone.Don’tworry.Icanlookafterher.(3)英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同，I在最后，you在最前；但是，当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I在最前，you在最后。例如：You,heandIareallthewinners.I,Lileiandyouarewrong.Weshoulddomorefortheproject.【即学即练】Iboughtapresentfor________.Ihopeyoulike________.A.your;this B.yours;that C.you;it D.you;one2．物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。词义类型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs(1)形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语，后面跟名词。例如：Tooursurprise,hehaspassedtheexam.(2)名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如：MayIuseyourbike?Mineisatschool.(作主语)Whoseglassesarethese?Theyarehers.(作表语)Mydictionaryislost.CanIuseyours?(作宾语)(3)名词性物主代词可以与of连用，作定语。例如：Afriendofoursarewaitingforus.【即学即练】Mostparentsthinkthatitisthehappiestthingtospendtimewith________children.A.his B.our C.your D.their3．反身代词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示：我(们)自己你(们)自己他/她/它自己/他们自己单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves(1)反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如：Hersisteristooyoungtodressherself.(作宾语)Hehimselfisalwaysmakingsuchmistakes.(主语同位语)You’dbetteraskyourwifeherself.(宾语同位语)(2)反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：makeoneselfathometeachoneselflearnbyoneselfhelponeselftodressoneselfetooneselfdevoteoneselftodoing/sth.byoneself【即学即练】—Takecarewhilewalkingalongthewethillpath（小径）.Youmayfallandhurt________.—OK.Thanksforremindingme.A.it B.you C.yourself D.yourselves4．指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这，这个那，那个这些那些thisthatthesethose指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如：Thosearemyparents.(作主语)Throwitlikethat.(作表语)ThetoyslittleTomlikesarethoseinthebasket.(作表语)Thesepicturesaredrawnbyanoldblindman.(作定语)注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西，常用that,those表示。例如：I’msorrytohearthat.(2)下文将要提到的事情，可用these,this表示，起启下的作用。例如：Tellthechildrentodolikethis:knockthestickintotheearthfirst,thentiethetreetoit.【即学即练】Thetwinsaresoalikethateventheirfatherfinds________hardtotellthemfromeachother.A.it B.him C.them5．疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who,what,which,whose,whom，在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。作主语：Whatmakeyousohappy?作宾语：Who/Whomisyourmanagertalkingwith?在口语中，作宾语时who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom.例如：Aboutwhomtheyaretalkingjustnow?作定语：Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest?作表语：What’syourmother.【即学即练】．—________issingingoverthere?—Mysister.Shelikessinging.A．How B．Who C．What D．When6．相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。常用的有：eachother,oneanother.相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如：Weshouldhelpeachother.Thevillagershavelookedafteroneanothertheseyear.相互代词后可以加’s,表示所有关系。例如：Weputthepresentsineachother’sstocking.7．连接代词：用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有：what,which,who,whomwhose,that例如：Iknowwhathesaidatthemeeting.Theproblemiswhowillmendit.Couldyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepostoffice?8.不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象，常用的有：all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many，much,other,another,someany,no以及由some,no,any,every构成的复合词。不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语，而none及含有some,anevery的合成代词不能做定语，no和every只能做定语。9.代词many,few,afew修饰可数名词，much,little,alittle修饰不可数名词。both,either,neither,each用于指两者，all,any,none,every,another用于指三者或三者以上。10.it的用法指代事物。Itisacar.指代时间、地点、距离、金钱、天气等。例如：Threethousandkilometersisalongdistance.指代身份不明的人。例如：Whoisknockingatthedoor?ItmaybeMr.Wang.作形式主语。例如：Itisnoteasyforparentstobringupchildren.作形式宾语。例如：Hefounditdifficulttobreatheathighaltitudes.it常见句型。(1)Itdoesn’tmatter…Itdoesn’tmatterwhathesays.他说什么都没关系。(2)Itappears/seems/happens/saysthat…Itseemsthatheisalwayscorrect.他好像总是对的。(3)Itissaid/reported/believed/understoodthat…ItissaidthathehasjoinedtheParty.据说他已经入党了。(4)Itisawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.It’sawasteoftimeyourtalkingtohim.你和他谈是浪费时间。(5)Itisnowonderthat…

It’snowonderheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。(6)ittakessb.sometimetodosth.Ittookmenearlyanhourtoworkouttheproblem.花了我差不多一个钟才做出那道题.(7)It’sone’sturntodosth.It’smyturntocleantheclassroom.是轮到我打扫教室的了。1．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Theyarguedamong________andfinallydrewaconclusion.A．them B．their C．theirs D．themselves2．（2022·上海嘉定·模拟预测）Mr.Hillhastwodaughters.Heoftentakes________totheparkatweekends.A．him B．them C．she D．her3．（2022·上海普陀·二模）Ididn’thaveanumbrella.Alicegaveme________.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself4．（2022·上海浦东新·模拟预测）CanyouimaginewhatwillhappenifAIrobotscandomostof________jobs?A．our B．we C．us D．ours5．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）Whenstudentswerelearningindustrialtechniques(学工),theyfoundthattheyknewverylittleabout________work.A．they B．their C．them D．theirs6．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Threeastronautstaught________somethinginterestingaboutscienceinChinaSpaceStation.A．we B．us C．our D．ourselves7．（2022·上海闵行·二模）HeismyfavouritebasketballstarandIlike________verymuch.A．he B．him C．his D．himself8．（2022·上海金山·二模）Aftertheastronautscamebackfromspace,manyreportersinterviewed________.A．they B．them C．their D．themselves9．（2022·上海崇明·模拟预测）Thelittleboyhidhimselfbehindthedoor.Nowondernobodycouldfind________.A．he B．him C．his D．himself10．（2022·上海黄浦·二模）Theflybeat________wingsfuriouslyinordertoescapefromthenet.A．it B．it’s C．its D．itself11．（2022·上海虹口·二模）Quitealotofchildrenrarelycontrol________whentheyareveryangry.A．their B．them C．theirs D．themselves12．（2022·上海静安·二模）Theboywasoldenoughtotaketheundergroundby________.A．he B．him C．his D．himself13．（2022·上海嘉定·二模）Hiswordsdon’tseemsurprising,_________?A．doeshe B．isn’the C．dothey D．aren’tthey14．（2022·上海浦东新·二模）Theinternethasmade________lifemorecolorfulandconvenient.A．we B．us C．our D．ours15．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Tommy,I’velost________bicycle.CanIuseyours?—Sure.A．I B．me C．my D．mine16．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Thedoctorsandnursesaretrying________besttosavethepatients’life.A．they B．them C．their D．themselves17．（2021·上海市民办新复兴初级中学九年级期中）Idon’tknow_______ofthesepeople,fortheyareallnewstaffhere.A．any B．some C．one D．either18．（2021·上海松江·二模）Sometimes,Maryfeelslonelybecausethere’s_________shecantalkto.A．nobody B．somebody C．anybody D．everybody19．（2022·上海松江·二模）Ihavedecidedtobuyaflatof________ownsothatIcanhavemyspace.A．my B．mine C．myself D．me20．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Throughart,Matthewfoundanewwaytoexpress_________.A．he B．his C．him D．himself21．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Thestaffhadbetterrelax________aftertheopeningceremony.A．they B．them C．their D．themselves22．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）Onlyoneisred;_______areblue.A．others B．theother C．theothers D．another23．（2022·上海杨浦·二模）Thetaskisn’tchallengingenoughforme—Iwant________morecreative.A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything24．（2022·上海宝山·二模）Jasontriedseveralwaystoworkoutthemathproblem,but________ofthemworked.A．both B．all C．none D．neither25．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Thegovernmenthassolvedoneproblemafter________duringthebattleagainstthecoronavirus.A．other B．theother C．another D．others26．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）Thevisitorsontheshipcanenjoythebeautifullightson______sidesoftheHuangpuRiver.A．neither B．either C．both D．all27．（2022·上海黄浦·二模）Whenyourstomachisemptyandyourmindisfull,it’shard________.A．sleep B．sleeping C．tosleep D．tosleeping28．（2022·上海杨浦·一模）Doyoufind________difficulttolearnnewskillslikehowtorideaskateboard?A．/ B．it C．this D．that29．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Lastyear,IsawthewildlionsandelephantsinAfricawith________owneyes.A．I B．me C．my D．mine30．（2018·上海市西南模范中学九年级期中）Thepriceofmydressisn’tasasofherdress.A．experience,/ B．experience,that C．high,/ D．high,that31．（2019·上海·模拟预测）TomtoldmetobuyhimatoywhenIwentshopping,butIforgotabout______.A．these B．this C．those D．that32．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Thatprojectrequirescloseteamwork.________willbeachievedunlessweworkwelltogether.A．Nothing B．Anything C．Something D．Everything33．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）Tomtriedseveralwaystoavoidcatchingtheflu，but______ofthemworks.A．both B．neither C．all D．none34．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）Don’taskPeteraboutthecase.Heknows______aboutit.A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything35．（2022·上海杨浦·三模）I’mbusythisweekend,butIwillarrangefor______totakeyouround.A．someone B．anyone C．everyone D．noone36．（2022·上海青浦·二模）Almosteveryonetodayuseselectricityinonewayor_________A．another B．others C．other D．theother37．（2021·上海市民办新复兴初级中学九年级期中）—WillMarybeheretoday?—No,and_______.A．hersisterwon’t,too B．neitherhersisterwillC．neitherwillhersister D．neitherwon’thersister38．（2021·上海·模拟预测）Weareoftentoldthat________ismoreimportantthanhealth.A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything39．（2021·上海黄浦·九年级期中）Thoughmyparentstakecareofmeheartandsoul,________ofthemcanreadmydiarywithoutmyagreement.A．both B．all C．neither D．none40．（2021·上海黄浦·九年级期中）Afterhearingallthesongsonthelist,thefansaskedthesingertosing________one.A．other B．theother C．another D．others1．（2022·上海·中考真题）Yoursilkscarfisoverthere.Thisoneis_______.A．I B．me C．my D．mine2．（2022·上海·中考真题）Makesure_______hasthetextbookswhenthenewtermstarts.A．nobody B．anybody C．somebody D．everybody3．（2014·上海·中考真题）OldMr.Blackliveshappilywithhisthreedogs.ofthemarepartofhisfamily.A．Both B．AllC．None D．Neither4．（2014·上海·中考真题）Doyouseethatgoodlookingyoungman?isafamousKoreanfilmstar.A．He B．His C．Him D．Himself5．（2019·上海·中考真题）TheNewYearConcertwassoamazingthatleftinthemiddleofit.A．everybody B．anybody C．nobody D．somebody6．（2019·上海·中考真题）Emma，anactress，hasbeeasuperstarbecauseofhardworkandtalent.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself7．（2016·上海·中考真题）Thelightwentoutsuddenly.Itwasverydarkand______couldbeseenclearly.A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything8．（2021·上海·中考真题）Ihaven’tbroughtmydictionarywithme.CanIuse________?A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself9．（2018·上海·中考真题）Catherinehastwocousins.Oneisquiet,and______isnoisy.A．another B．theother C．other D．others10．（2018·上海·中考真题）Myfatherisagooddoctor.__________workshardtohelphispatients.A．He B．Him C．His D．Himse