2023-2024学年贵州省黔东南州高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1贵州省黔东南州2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.WhenwillTomcome?A.4:50.B.4:30.C.4:20.2.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inarestaurant.C.Atthemarket.3.Whatdidthemandolastnight?A.Hestayedathometalkingwithhisfriend.B.Hewatchedtelevisionwithhisfriend.C.Hewenttoseehisschoolmate.4.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hemusthandinareportaboutthemuseum.B.Hehasalreadyvisitedthemuseum.C.Heistoobusytogowiththewoman.5.Whyisthemanunabletoanswerthewoman’squestionsnow?A.Hedoesn’thavetime.B.Heistootiredafterclass.C.Heisshopping.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofworkinginIT?A.Theworkisnotgood.B.Theworkisveryhard.C.Theworkhastwoadvantages.7.Whatsuggestiondoesthewomangivetotheman?A.Don’tworkinIT.B.Avoidhighbloodpressure.C.Takebettercareofhimself.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Workmates.B.Husbandandwife.C.Fatheranddaughter.9.WhydidthemangotoFortaleza?A.Todosomeshopping.B.Toenjoythescenery.C.Togoonabusinesstrip.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Arockband.B.Ajazzband.C.Aperformance.11.Whydidthemannamehisband“TheSand”?A.Sandcancoolonedown.B.Sandstandsforbeingtoughandindependent.C.Sandissmallandcannotbeshaped.12.Whydidthebandgetanewmemberyearsago?A.Oneofitsmembersdied.B.Itsaudiencebecamelarger.C.Themarketforrockmusicwasgrowing.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhereisDonnynow?A.Athome.B.Onhisway.C.Inacinema.14.WhydidDonnyfailtoanswerthephoneat8:00?A.Hisphonewasn’ton.B.Hedidn’thearit.C.Hewasbusy.15.WhatwasDonnydoingat9:00?A.Hewasbuyingaticket.B.Hewasdrinkingcoffee.C.Hewaswatchingafilm.16.WhatdidDonnytalkaboutwiththemanager?A.Makingacomplaint.B.Applyingforajob.C.Gettinghismoneyback.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdidthespeakertreatpaintingasinthebeginning?A.Ajob.B.Adream.C.Ahobby.18.Howoftendoesthespeakerpaintnow?A.Threedaysaweek.B.Fivedaysaweek.C.Everyevening.19.Whendidthespeakerstartherpainting?A.Intheprimaryschool.B.Inthemiddleschool.C.Inthehighschool.20.Whatwillthelistenersdoafterwatchingavideo?A.Learntopaint.B.Leaveforanotherplace.C.Haveacoffeebreak.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEngagestudentswithsciencewiththeseexcitingandentertainingexperiments!Studentswillloveexploringwhilealsogaininginvaluableexperiencebydesigningandconductingexperiments.SunscreenExperimentKidsoftendon’tenjoybeingtoldtheyneedsunscreen,soshowingitspowerthroughdemonstrationcanhelpthemseeitsvalue.Thissciencefairprojectusessimplewhitebeads(珠子)thatchangecolorwhenexposedtoUVrays(紫外线)sochildrencancomparetheeffectivenessofdifferentsunscreenproducts.Startthisexperimentbyapplyingsomeofeachsunscreentypeonpaperandplacingbothpiecesofpaperindirectsunlightforseveralhours.Sundial(日晷)ExperimentUsingasundialtotelltimeisafascinatingscienceactivitythathelpsstudentsgainknowledgeofshadowsandthemovementofsunlightacrossthesky.Throughthishands-onexperiment,studentsgainanopportunitytoseehowpeopleinprevioustimesknewtimewithoutclocksorwatches.Startthisexperimentbyaskingstudentstoidentifyanoutdoorspotthatreceivessunlightallday,placingaflatboardthere,tracingtheshadowsontoitandnotingwheretheshadowswillfallatcertainpointsoftheday.MineralExperimentStudentslearntoidentifyrocksandmineralsthroughthissimpleexperiment.Theyuseaplatetotestthehardnessofvariouscommonminerals.Theyalsoobservehowthesemineralsformcrystals(晶体)andhowtheybreakapartdifferentlyfromothers.Thislessonhelpsstudentsunderstandthecharacteristicsandusesofdifferentminerals.Studentscanevenform“companies”andcompetetominedifferenttypesofrockswithspecificfeatures.1.Whatisthemainpurposeofusingbeadsinthesunscreenexperiment?A.Tocomparethepricesofsunscreen.B.Toshowtheeffectivenessofsunscreen.C.Toanalyzetheimpactofsunscreenonskin.D.Todemonstratechemicalreactionsinsunscreen.2.Howdostudentsbeginthesundialexperiment?A.Bybuildingasundialfrombeginning.B.Bycomparingdifferenttypesofsundials.C.Bymeasuringthelengthoftheirshadows.D.Byidentifyingasunnyspotandusingaflatboard.3.Whatdoesthemineralexperimentallowstudentstodo?A.Observecrystalformation. B.Learngeologicalhistory.C.Sellrockstheymine. D.Formcompanies.〖答案〗1.B2.D3.A【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了几个适合学生做的科学实验。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据SunscreenExperiment下的“Thissciencefairprojectusessimplewhitebeads(珠子)thatchangecolorwhenexposedtoUVrays(紫外线)sochildrencancomparetheeffectivenessofdifferentsunscreenproducts.(这个科学展览项目使用简单的白色珠子，当暴露在紫外线下时会改变颜色，这样孩子们就可以比较不同防晒产品的效果)”可知，在防晒实验中使用珠子的主要目的是来展示防晒霜的功效。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Sundial(日晷)Experiment下的“Startthisexperimentbyaskingstudentstoidentifyanoutdoorspotthatreceivessunlightallday,placingaflatboardthere,tracingtheshadowsontoitandnotingwheretheshadowswillfallatcertainpointsoftheday.(实验开始时，让学生们找出一个整天都能接受阳光的户外地点，在那里放一块平板，在上面画出阴影，并注意到阴影在一天中的特定时间会落在哪里)”可知，学生找一个阳光充足的地方，用一块平板来开始日晷实验。故选D项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据MineralExperiment下的“Theyalsoobservehowthesemineralsformcrystals(晶体)andhowtheybreakapartdifferentlyfromothers.(他们还观察这些矿物质是如何形成晶体的，以及它们是如何以不同的方式分裂的)”可知，MineralExperiment允许学生观察晶体形成。故选A项。BNilasCorneliussenfeelsworriedwhenacityturnsquietatnight.“Imuchprefertobeinadynamiccitythatneversleeps,andBangkokgivesmethat,”saidtheSwedish-bornchefofaNordic-AsianrestaurantinThailand’scapital.WhileThailandhadlongappealedtohim,Corneliussensaysheneverimaginedacareerincooking.Instead,hewasdrawntoMuayThai(泰拳),orThaiboxing.Onhighschoolbreaks,heeventraveledsolotoThailandtojoinMuayThaitrainingcamps.Aftersustainingahandinjurywhileboxing,hewasforcedtogiveupMuayThai.However,hedidn’tstopthinkingaboutThailand.TheverydayaftergraduatingfromhighschoolinSweden,Corneliussenbookedaone-waytickettoBangkokandappliedforastudyvisa.Itwasn’tuntilhalfwaythroughhisstudiesthathewasinspiredbyafellowstudentandfriendwhoransmallThairestaurants.However,therewassomethinginsideofhimthatwasdrawntoculinaryarts.“Theatmosphereinsidethekitchenfascinatedme-everyonehastoworktogethertomakeithappen.”Corneliussenrecalled.Atthetime,thechefdidn’tthinkhecouldpursuehisnewpassionforcookinginThailand.Instead,hethoughtitwouldbebesttogobacktohisrootsandunderstandtheflavorshe’dgrownupwithbeforecookinganythingelse,sohefinishedhisstudiesandmovedbacktoSweden.StartingoutinarestaurantinStockholm,hepractisedhisskills.In2019,hewonthesilverintheBocused’Or,aworld-famousinternationalcookingcompetition,aspartoftheSwedishteam.Despitethosesuccesses,heknewhewantedtoreturntoAsiatoachievehisdreamofculinaryarts.In2022,Corneliussenmadethemovetoahigh-endrestaurant,whichopenedthesameyear,andwhereheshowcasedcasualNordicfoodwithAsianinfluences.“InThailand,Igetthisfeelingofbelongingandconnectiontothepeople,foodandculture,”hesaid.4.Whatispresentedinthefirstparagraph?A.Corneliussendislikesworkingatnight. B.Corneliussenfeelsuneasyinanewcity.C.BangkokishometoNordicrestaurants. D.BangkokgivesCorneliussenthefeelinghewants.5.WhatmainlymadeCorneliussenchoosecookingasacareer?A.Hisinjuredhand. B.Hisinnerpassion.C.Hisfriends’support. D.Histirednessofstudy.6.HowdidCorneliussenimprovehiscookingskills?A.Bypractisinginhismotherland. B.ByimprovingdiversedishesinThailand.C.Byattendingvarietiesofcookingcompetitions. D.Bysummarizingexperiencefromothercooks.7.WhydidCorneliussendecidetoreturntoAsia?A.TolearnMuayThai. B.ToshowcaseNordicfood.C.Toopenahigh-endrestaurant. D.Toachievehisdreamofculinaryarts.〖答案〗4.D5.B6.A7.D【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了瑞典出生的厨师NilasCorneliussen追求烹饪事业的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“NilasCorneliussenfeelsworriedwhenacityturnsquietatnight.“Imuchprefertobeinadynamiccitythatneversleeps,andBangkokgivesmethat,”saidtheSwedish-bornchefofaNordic-AsianrestaurantinThailand’scapital.(当一个城市在夜晚变得安静时，NilasCorneliussen会感到担忧。“我更喜欢住在一个充满活力的不夜城，而曼谷给了我这种感觉，”这位瑞典出生的厨师说，他在泰国首都经营一家北欧餐厅)”可知，Corneliussen喜欢充满活力的不夜城，而曼谷正好给了他这种感觉。故选D。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“However,therewassomethinginsideofhimthatwasdrawntoculinaryarts.“Theatmosphereinsidethekitchenfascinatedme-everyonehastoworktogethertomakeithappen.”Corneliussenrecalled.(然而，他内心深处有一种东西被烹饪艺术所吸引。“厨房里的气氛让我着迷——每个人都必须共同努力才能实现这一目标。”Corneliussen回忆道)”可知，主要是他内心对烹饪的喜爱促使他选择了烹饪作为职业。故选B。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Atthetime,thechefdidn’tthinkhecouldpursuehisnewpassionforcookinginThailand.Instead,hethoughtitwouldbebesttogobacktohisrootsandunderstandtheflavorshe’dgrownupwithbeforecookinganythingelse,sohefinishedhisstudiesandmovedbacktoSweden.StartingoutinarestaurantinStockholm,hepractisedhisskills.In2019,hewonthesilverintheBocused’Or,aworld-famousinternationalcookingcompetition,aspartoftheSwedishteam.(当时，这位厨师认为他无法在泰国追求他对烹饪的新热情。相反，他认为最好是回到自己的家乡，在烹饪其他东西之前，先了解一下他从小接触到的味道，所以他完成了学业，搬回了瑞典。从斯德哥尔摩的一家餐馆开始，他练习自己的技能。2019年，他作为瑞典团队的一员，在世界著名的国际烹饪比赛Bocused’Or中获得银牌)”可知，他是通过在祖国练习烹饪技能来提高自己的烹饪能力的。故选A。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Despitethosesuccesses,heknewhewantedtoreturntoAsiatoachievehisdreamofculinaryarts.In2022,Corneliussenmadethemovetoahigh-endrestaurant,whichopenedthesameyear,andwhereheshowcasedcasualNordicfoodwithAsianinfluences.(尽管取得了这些成功，但他知道自己想回到亚洲，实现烹饪艺术的梦想。2022年，科尼利乌森搬到了一家高端餐厅，并于同年开业，在那里他展示了受亚洲影响的休闲北欧美食)”可知，尽管在瑞典取得了一些成功，但Corneliussen知道他想回到亚洲实现他的烹饪艺术梦想。故选D。CAnewattempttopredictearthquakeswiththeaidofartificialintelligence(AI)hasraisedhopesthatthetechnologycouldonedaybeusedtolimitearthquakes’impactonlivesandeconomies.DevelopedbyresearchersatTheUniversityofTexasatAustin,theAIalgorithmcorrectlypredicted70%ofearthquakesaweekbeforetheyhappenedduringaseven-monthtrialinChina.TheAIwastrainedtofindunusualpatternsinreal-timeseismicdatathatresearchershadpairedwiththedataofpreviousearthquakes.TheoutcomewasaweeklyforecastinwhichtheAIsuccessfullypredicted14earthquakeswithinabout200milesofwhereitestimatedtheywouldhappenandatalmostexactlythecalculatedstrength.Itmissedoneearthquakeandgaveeightfalsewarnings.It’snotyetknownifthesameapproachwillworkatotherlocations,buttheeffortisasignificantachievementinresearchforAI-drivenearthquakeforecasting.“Predictingearthquakesistheultimategoal,”saidaprofessor,whoisamemberoftheresearchteam.“We’renotyetclosetomakingpredictionsforanywhereintheworld,butwhatweachievedtellsusthatwhatwethoughtwasanimpossibleproblemissolvableinprinciple.”Theresearcherssaidthattheirmethodhadsucceededbyfollowingarelativelysimplemachinelearningapproach.TheAIwasgivenasetofstatisticalfeaturesbasedontheteam’sknowledgeofearthquakephysics,thentoldtotrainitselfonafive-yeardatabaseofseismicrecordings.Oncetrained,theAIgaveitsforecastbylisteningforsignsofincomingearthquakesamongthebackgroundrumblingsintheEarth.“Ourfuturegoalistocombinebothphysicsanddata-drivenmethodstocreateageneralizedsystemthatwecanapplyanywhereintheworld,”saidtheAI’sleaddeveloper.“Thenewresearchisanimportantsteptowardsachievingthatgoal.”8.WhatdowesayaboutAIpredictingearthquakes?A.Therateofaccuracyishigh.B.Ithasgotprovenworldwide.C.Thepredictioniscompletelyrandom.D.Earthquakescanbecontrolledbyscientists.9.Whichcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“seismic”inparagraph2?A.Relatedtoweatherpatterns. B.Relatedtoearthquakes.C.Relatedtovolcanicactivities. D.Relatedtooceancurrents.10.Whatisresearchers’attitudetowardsAIpredictingearthquakes?A.Doubtful. B.Uncertain. C.Optimistic. D.Unfavorable.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheDevelopmentOfEarthquake.B.AI’sRoleinPredictingEarthquakes.C.AI’sForecastaboutNaturalDisasters.D.TheUnderstandingofEarthquakePhysics.〖答案〗8.A9.B10.C11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了利用人工智能预测地震的新尝试及其取得的成果。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“DevelopedbyresearchersatTheUniversityofTexasatAustin,theAIalgorithmcorrectlypredicted70%ofearthquakesaweekbeforetheyhappenedduringaseven-monthtrialinChina.(由德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的研究人员开发的人工智能算法在中国进行了为期7个月的试验，在地震发生前一周正确预测了70%的地震)”和第二段中“TheoutcomewasaweeklyforecastinwhichtheAIsuccessfullypredicted14earthquakeswithinabout200milesofwhereitestimatedtheywouldhappenandatalmostexactlythecalculatedstrength.(结果是每周一次的预测，人工智能成功地预测了14次地震，地震发生地点在它估计的200英里范围内，强度几乎与计算的完全一致)”可知，人工智能算法成功预测了70%的地震，且能相当准确地预测地震的位置和强度。因此，人工智能预测地震的准确率很高。故选A项。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“TheAIwastrainedtofindunusualpatterns(人工智能被训练来发现不寻常的模式)”和下文“thatresearchershadpairedwiththedataofpreviousearthquakes(研究人员将其与之前地震的数据进行了配对)”可推知，人工智能是将实时地震数据与先前地震数据配对，从而发现异常。因此，seismic意为“与地震相关的”。故选B项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中研究人员所说的话“Predictingearthquakesistheultimategoal(预测地震是最终目标)”和“We’renotyetclosetomakingpredictionsforanywhereintheworld,butwhatweachievedtellsusthatwhatwethoughtwasanimpossibleproblemissolvableinprinciple.(我们还不能预测世界上的任何地方，但我们所取得的成就告诉我们，我们认为不可能解决的问题在原则上是可以解决的)”可知，研究人员认为在全球范围内进行预测虽然曾被认为不可能解决，但现在原则上是可以解决的。因此，研究人员对人工智能预测地震持乐观态度。故选C项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Anewattempttopredictearthquakeswiththeaidofartificialintelligence(AI)hasraisedhopesthatthetechnologycouldonedaybeusedtolimitearthquakes’impactonlivesandeconomies.(一项借助人工智能(AI)预测地震的新尝试让人们燃起了希望，这项技术有朝一日可能被用来限制地震对生命和经济的影响)”可知，本文介绍了利用人工智能预测地震的新尝试及其取得的成果。因此，B项“人工智能在预测地震中的作用”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。DPlantshavebeenimportanttohumanssinceancienttimes.Theygiveusfood,clothesandshelter.Theirbeautybringsushappiness,andmanyplantscanalsocureus.Recently,scientistsfoundaplantthatcanbettercleanpollutedair.ScientistsataresearchinstitutionintheUKstudiedhowwellplantscancapture(捕获)pollutionfromcars.Carexhaustfumes(汽车尾气),aswellastireandbrakeparticles,causemanyhealthproblems.Sincepreviousresearchhasshownthattreeshelpremoveairpollution,researchersdecidedtotestthreetypesofplants:hawthorn,westernredcedar,andfranchet’scotoneaster(西南枸子).Researchersfoundthatfranchet’scotoneasterwasthebestatcapturingpollution.Thisisbecauseofitshairyandcomplexleafstructure.Theyalsodiscoveredthatthickbarriersoversixfeethighwerethebestatreducingpollution.Inareaswithheavytraffic,franchet’scotoneasterabsorbed20%morepollutionthantheotherplants.Aco-authorofthestudysaid,“Weknowthatinjustsevendays,a1-meterlengthofwell-managedthickbarrierwillcapturethesameamountofpollutionthatacaremits(排放)overa500-miledrive.”Theresearchersrecommendplantingfranchet’scotoneasteralongbusyroads.Thisisgreatnewsforcityplanners,landscapers,andgardeners.OriginallyfromChina,franchet’scotoneasterisahardyevergreenthatcansurvivetemperaturesaslowas-23℃.ItgrowswellintheUKandcanalsogrowwellinplaceslikeCalifornia,thePacificNorthwest,BritishColumbia,andaroundtheGreatLakes.Thankstothisstudy,franchet’scotoneasterhasshowntobeveryuseful.Itallowsgardenersandlandscaperstohelptheenvironment.Whenthesesuperplantsaregrowninurbangardens,onstreets,andalonghighways,theywillcleantheairandaddbeautytothesurroundings.12.Whichaspectofplantsismainlymentionedinparagraph1?A.Varietiesofplants. B.Livingenvironment.C.Benefitsofplants. D.Medicalproperties.13.Whyisfranchet’scotoneastereffectiveincapturingpollution?A.Itrequireslesswater.B.Itistallerthanotherplants.C.Itgrowsfasterthanotherplants.D.Ithashairyandcomplexleafstructures.14.Whatcanweinferaboutfranchet’scotoneasterfromparagraph5?A.Theywillbeplantedlessbygardeners.B.TheywillbeimportedmorefromChina.C.Theycanadjusttothecoldtemperature.D.Theyshouldbeplantedincorrectplaces.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A.Tohighlighttheenvironmentalbenefitsoffranchet’scotoneaster.B.Todescribetheappearanceoffranchet’scotoneaster.C.Tocomparefranchet’scotoneasterwithotherplants.D.Toexplainhowtoplantfranchet’scotoneaster.〖答案〗12.C13.D14.C15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了科学家发现西南枸子能更高地清洁被污染的空气。【12题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Plantshavebeenimportanttohumanssinceancienttimes.Theygiveusfood,clothesandshelter.Theirbeautybringsushappiness,andmanyplantscanalsocureus.Recently,scientistsfoundaplantthatcanbettercleanpollutedair.(自古以来，植物对人类就很重要。他们为我们提供食物、衣服和住所。它们的美丽给我们带来快乐，许多植物也可以治愈我们。最近，科学家们发现了一种植物，可以更好地清洁被污染的空气。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了指物的好处，故选C项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchersfoundthatfranchet’scotoneasterwasthebestatcapturingpollution.Thisisbecauseofitshairyandcomplexleafstructure.(研究人员发现，西南枸子在捕获污染方面效果最好。这是因为它的叶子多毛且复杂)”可知，西南枸子能有效捕获污染是因为它复杂多毛的叶片结构，故选D项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“OriginallyfromChina,franchet’scotoneasterisahardyevergreenthatcansurvivetemperaturesaslowas-23℃.(西南枸子原产于中国，是一种耐寒的常绿植物，可以在低至-23°C的温度下生存。)”可知，西南枸子在低温环境中存活，故选C项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thankstothisstudy,franchet’scotoneasterhasshowntobeveryuseful.Itallowsgardenersandlandscaperstohelptheenvironment.Whenthesesuperplantsaregrowninurbangardens,onstreets,andalonghighways,theywillcleantheairandaddbeautytothesurroundings.(多亏了这项研究，西南枸子已被证明非常有用。它使园丁和园艺师能够帮助环境。当这些超级植物种植在城市花园、街道和高速公路沿线时，它们将净化空气并为周围环境增添美感。)”可知，作者在本段中强调了西南枸子的环境效益，故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Researchshowsthatwhenpeopledonotgetenoughsleep,theyhaveslowerresponsetimes,worsedecision-making,difficultypayingattention,andpoorermemory.____16____.Inthebrain,thesechangesshowupaslessactivityintheprefrontalcortex(前额叶皮质),whichisinchargeofplanninganddecision-making.Toreducetheseeffectsandsaveyourdayafterabadnight’ssleep,expertsrecommendtakinganap(打盹).___17___.Itcanalsoimproveyourperformanceonmanytasksthatareaffectedbylackofsleep.Toavoidthesleepinesssomepeoplefeelafternapping,trytokeepyournapto30minutes.____18____.However,don’tdrinktoomuch,asitcancausenervousnessandmakeyourheartbeatfaster.Regularexercisehasbeenshowntohelpwiththehealthproblemscausedbylackofsleepovertime.Thereisalsoproofthatithelpsyouperformbetterrightafterabadnightofsleep.Whilethesemethodscanhelp,theywon’tcompletelyoffset(抵消)theeffectsofsleeploss.____19____Youcouldscheduleyourdayaroundyourbodyclockand,ifpossible,avoidhavinganyimportantorheavyconversations,sincelackofsleepcanmakeyoumorebad-temperedandemotionallyreactive.Inadditiontothesemethods,it’simportanttopractisegoodsleephabitsregularlytopreventsleepdeprivationinthefirstplace.Thisincludesmaintainingaconsistentsleepschedule,creatingarestfulenvironment,andavoidingstimulantslikecaffeineclosetobedtime.Byprioritizingsleepandtakingstepstomanagetheeffectsofabadnight’ssleep,youcanmaintainbetteroverallhealthandproductivity.Remember,sleepisacrucialpartofyourwell-being.____20____.A.NappingcanhelpyoufeellesstiredB.TeaandcoffeecanmakeyoustayawakeC.PeoplearealsomorelikelytofeeldepressedD.ThefollowingmethodscanhelpyoubehavewellE.CoffeecanalsohelpyoustayawakeandthinkbetterF.Ifpossible,adjustyourdaytoavoidseriousmistakesG.Takingitseriouslycangreatlyimproveyourdailylife〖答案〗16.C17.A18.E19.F20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在睡眠不足的情况下，如何通过一些方法来减少对日常生活的影响。【16题详析】根据上文“Researchshowsthatwhenpeopledonotgetenoughsleep,theyhaveslowerresponsetimes,worsedecision-making,difficultypayingattention,andpoorermemory.(研究表明，当人们睡眠不足时，他们的反应时间会变慢、决策能力更差、注意力不集中、记忆力更差。)”可知，睡眠不足对生活有很多的影响，下文将进一步说明其他影响，与C项“Peoplearealsomorelikelytofeeldepressed(人们也更容易感到沮丧)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选C项。【17题详析】根据上文“Toreducetheseeffectsandsaveyourdayafterabadnight’ssleep,expertsrecommendtakinganap(打盹).(为了减少这些影响并在一夜睡眠不佳后挽救您的一天，专家建议小睡一会儿。)”可知，下文将介绍打盹的好处，与A项“Nappingcanhelpyoufeellesstired(午睡可以帮助你减轻疲劳)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选A项。【18题详析】根据下文“However,don’tdrinktoomuch,asitcancausenervousnessandmakeyourheartbeatfaster.(但是，不要喝太多，因为它会引起紧张并使你的心跳加快。)”可知，空处介绍的是某种可以保持清醒的东西，与E项“Coffeecanalsohelpyoustayawakeandthinkbetter(咖啡还可以帮助你保持清醒和更好地思考)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选E项。【19题详析】根据下文“Youcouldscheduleyourdayaroundyourbodyclockand,ifpossible,avoidhavinganyimportantorheavyconversations,sincelackofsleepcanmakeyoumorebad-temperedandemotionallyreactive.(你可以根据你的生物钟来安排你的一天，如果可能的话，避免进行任何重要或繁重的对话，因为睡眠不足会让你脾气更暴躁和情绪反应。)”可知，本段主要讲述了要调整自己的生物钟，避免不好的事情发生，与F项“Ifpossible,adjustyourdaytoavoidseriousmistakes(如果可能的话，调整你的一天以避免严重的错误)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。【20题详析】根据上文“Remember,sleepisacrucialpartofyourwell-being.(请记住，睡眠是你健康的重要组成部分。)”可知，良好睡眠习惯的重要性，重视睡眠会对日常生活产生积极的影响，与G项“Takingitseriouslycangreatlyimproveyourdailylife(认真对待它可以大大改善你的日常生活)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选G项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Recyclingcanbenefitnotonlyenvironmentalconservationbutalsocommunityinsurprisingways.MateoLange,15,is___21___ofthiswell.Onweekends,hewouldsortthroughglassandplasticbottlesandaluminum(铝)cansinhishometown,IndianRiver,Michigan,wherehe___22___acommunityrecyclingprogram.Mateoinitiatedtheprogramwhenhewasinthesixthgrade,playingbaseballwiththeNorthernMichiganCyclones.Theteamwas___23___fromitsestablishmentandfacedthechallengeofraisingmoneyfortheirtraveltotournaments.ObservingcansandbottlesthrowneverywherealongMichigan’sroads,Mateo___24___asolution.InMichigan,thesecansandbottlescanbecollectedandexchangedforcash.___25___byhisfather’sassistance,Mateostartedabottleandcandriveanditraised$7,500inamerefewweeks.This___26___successinspiredMateotokeeptheendeavorgoing.Sincethen,Mateo’srecyclingefforthasobtainedanimpressive$350,000,___27___atleast50localyouthgroups.Equally___28___,over2millionbottlesandcansotherwise___29___ontheroadsidewererecycled.In2023,Mateowas____30____forhisdeedsandwontheprestigiousGloriaBarronPrizeforYoungHeroes,anhonor____31____theeffortsofyoungindividualsstrivingtomaketheworldabetterplace.Whenaskedabouttheaccomplishment,Mateosaid,“Iamhappytoknowthatalltheseteamsandclubsandthecommunitiesaroundare____32____.”Mateobelieveseveryonecanandshouldbeof____33____.“Justdoalittlebittomakeadifferencetotheworld,”he____34____.“Becreative,”headds.“Havean____35____andbuildonit.”21.A.frightened B.aware C.guilty D.ashamed22.A.ignores B.joins C.leads D.quits23.A.distinct B.absent C.free D.fresh24.A.hitupon B.calledoff C.carriedout D.objectedto25.A.Touched B.Backed C.Fueled D.Puzzled26.A.previous B.imaginary C.expected D.initial27.A.enhancing B.restricting C.funding D.disturbing28.A.remarkably B.fortunately C.physically D.repeatedly29.A.blocked B.littered C.exhibited D.classified30.A.threatened B.suspected C.criticized D.celebrated31.A.onaccountof B.onbehalfof C.inrecognitionof D.incontrastto32.A.benefiting B.emerging C.complaining D.starving33.A.power B.service C.wisdom D.concern34.A.protests B.whispers C.promises D.urges35.A.idea B.excuse C.identity D.impact〖答案〗21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.D27.C28.A29.B30.D31.C32.A33.B34.D35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是15岁的MateoLange通过他的社区回收项目，不仅回收了许多瓶子和易拉罐，而且为当地青少年团体筹集了活动资金的故事。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：15岁的MateoLange很明白这一点。A.frightened害怕的；B.aware有意识的，明白；C.guilty愧疚的；D.ashamed羞愧的。根据下文中的“Onweekends,hewouldsortthroughglassandplasticbottlesandaluminum(铝)cansinhishometown,IndianRiver,Michigan”可知，MateoLange总是在周末整理玻璃瓶、塑料瓶和铝罐，由此可推断，他应该是很“明白”回收利用不仅有利于环境，还有意想不到的好处。故选B项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：周末，他总在家乡密西根州的IndianRiver整理玻璃瓶、塑料瓶和铝罐，他在那里领导着一个社区回收项目。A.ignores忽视；B.joins加入；C.leads引导；D.quits停止，戒掉。根据下文中的“Mateoinitiatedtheprogramwhenhewasinthesixthgrade,playingbaseballwiththeNorthernMichiganCyclones.”可知，Mateo六年前发起的这个项目，由此可知，此处指的是他“领导”着社区的回收项目。故选C项。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这支队伍刚成立不久，面临着为参加比赛筹集资金的挑战。A.distinct清楚的；B.absent缺席的；C.free自由的；D.fresh新出现的。根据下文中的“andfacedthechallengeofraisingmoneyfortheirtraveltotournaments.”可知，该球队面临着参加比赛筹集资金的挑战，由此可推断，该球队应该是“新出现的”球队。故选D项。【24题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Mateo观察了密歇根州道路上随处可见的罐头和瓶子，想到了一个解决办法。A.hitupon突然想到；B.calledoff取消；C.carriedout实施，执行；D.objectedto反对。根据上文中的“ObservingcansandbottlesthrowneverywherealongMichigan’sroads”可知，Mateo注意到密歇根州道路上随处可见的罐头和瓶子，结合下文指的solution可知，此处应指的是“突然想到”一个解决办法。故选A项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在父亲的帮助下，Mateo发起了一个收集瓶罐的活动，在短短几周内就筹集了7500美元。A.Touched触动；B.Backed支持；C.Fueled加强，刺激；D.Puzzled使迷惑。根据下文中的“Mateostartedabottleandcandriveanditraised$7,500inamerefewweeks.”可知，Mateo发起了一个收集瓶罐的活动，在短短几周内就筹集了7500美元，由此可知，此处指的是在他父亲的“支持”下，符合语境。故选B项。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初的成功激励着Mateo继续努力。A.previous以前的；B.imaginary虚构的；C.expected意料中的；D.initial最初的。根据上文中的“______byhisfather’sassistance,Mateostartedabottleandcandriveanditraised$7,500inamerefewweeks.”可知，Mateo发起了一个收集瓶罐的活动，在短短几周内就筹集了7500美元，由此可知，此处指的是Mateo“最初的”成功。故选D项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，Mateo的回收工作获得了令人印象深刻的35万美元，资助了至少50个当地青年团体。A.enhancing提高；B.restricting限制；C.funding资助