话题阅读16语言与文化（原卷版）-2022年中考英语阅读理解

备战2022年中考英语话题阅读专项训练专题16语言与文化(原卷版)¤话题01¤话题01 通过漫画看中西方文化差异¤话题02 中国不同地区的人们给客人上茶的方式¤话题03 中国古老的武术——太极¤话题04 剪纸艺术的由来和发展历程¤话题05 英国和美国短语和习语的差异¤话题06 中国的传统艺术皮影戏¤话题07 在美国，人们为了方便经常使用的省略说法¤话题08 中国元宵节的由来，习俗和传统¤话题09 关于谷雨的风俗¤话题10 中国人在标志和日常用语中的英语不地道使用

Passage1（2021·辽宁辽阳·中考真题）WhataretheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandtheWest?YoumightbeabletofindtheanswerinCaoSiyu’sics（漫画）.Cao,32,wasborninBeijing,butlefthomeat20andhasstudiedandlivedintheUS,theUK,andFrancefor12years.Havingseensomanycultures,Caowantedtouseherdrawingsillstoshowthedifferencesshehasexperienced.SoshecreatedthecartoonseriesTinyEyesics.“Myexperienceshowsthatalthoughtravelismucheasierandfastertoday,thedistance（距离）betweencultureshasn’tshortened,”Caosaid.Shehopestobuildbridgesandbreakdownmisunderstandingsbetweendifferentcultures.Oneofhercartoonsshowswaterformsindifferentcountries.Threeglassesofwaterareshown.TheglassofwaterfromtheUShasice;theonefromFranceisfullofsparklingwater（气泡水）;theonefromChinaissteaming（冒热气的）.Caoalsouseshercartoonstoshowdifferentwaysofthinkingandsocialcustoms.DuringtheCOVID﹣19pandemic,sheusedhericstoexplainwhyChinesepeopleprefertowearmaskswhilewesternpeopledon’t.“HersimplepictureshaveplayedabigpartinreflectingChineseculture,”ItalianmagazineGraziareported.ManyforeignreaderssaythatCao’sicshelpthemunderstandChina,whileChineselivingabroadhavefeltthattheyareseenandunderstood.Shesaidthatthisvoicehasbeenthebiggestmotivation（动力）forhertokeepcreating.1．CaoSiyushowspeopletheculturaldifferencesby________.A．livingabroad B．creatingics C．writingforanItalianmagazine D．talkingaboutherexperience2．Cao’sicideasefromherstudiesandlifein________countries.A．3 B．12 C．20 D．323．Theunderlinedword“misunderstandings”means________.A．融合 B．交流 C．差异 D．误解4．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________ismorepopularinChina.A．coldwater B．icewater C．sparklingwater D．hotwater5．Thebesttitleofthepassageis“________”.A．TravelismucheasierandfastertodayB．icsshowushowwearedifferentC．SchoollifeabroadisbusyandlonelyD．DifferentwaysofthinkingandbehavingPassage2（2021·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）InChina,ahostusuallyservesavisitingguestacupofteafirstwhenheentershishouse.ItisatraditionalcustominChina.Butdoyouknowhowtoserveacupofteatoavisitingguest?Well,indifferentplaces,thewaysofservingteaaredifferent.InJiangsuandZhejiangprovinces,aclaycupisusuallyusedtobrew(冲泡)Longjing,Biluochun,Maojianorjustgreentea.Chrysanthemumteaissometimesusedinthehotsummerseasontoreducethehotfromoutside.ServingacupofteaisaverypopularcustomintheNorthChinacities.Inthecoldernortheasternprovinces,thehostswouldprovidewarmblackteawithsugarfortheirguests.InsomecoastalprovincessuchasGuangdongProvinceandFujianProvince,apotofOolongteaorPuerteaistheusualtreat.ServingteatoguestsisamonpracticeinChina.However,differentteaisusedindifferentplaces.InInnerMongolia(内蒙古),aguestisusuallytreatedwithmilkytea.IntheJingpofamily,youwouldbegivenbakedtea(teainwaterandbakedinanoventobemadehot).6．WhatkindofteasetsshouldbeusedtobrewLongjing?A．Aglasscup B．Apapercup C．Aplasticcup D．Aclaycup7．Whichkindofteacanmakepeoplefeelcoolinhotsummer?A．Oolongtea B．Puertea C．Chrysanthemumtea D．Milkytea8．Whenyouarevisitingafriendin________,youmightbeofferedwarmblackteawithsugar.A．Suzhou B．Changchun C．Hangzhou D．Baotou9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coastal”inParagraph4mean?A．内陆的 B．边境的 C．沿海的 D．沿河的10．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．thewaysofservingteainChina. B．thedifferentkindsofteainChina.C．thewaysofdrinkingteainChina. D．thereasonsofservingteainChina.Passage3（2021·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Ifyouwalkthroughaparkinthemorningorintheevening,youmightseealotofpeopledoingtheseslowandbeautifulmovements—CarrythetigeroverthemountainandWhitecranespreadsitswings.Infact,theyaredoingTaichi.Taichiisanancientmartialart(武术).ItisamonkindofexerciseinChina.Morethan100millionpeopleinover150countriespracticeTaichiatpresent.RecentlyUNESCO(联合国教科文组织)hasaddedTaichitoitsIntangibleCulturalHeritageList(非物质文化遗产名录).Manytaichifanswerehappytohearofit.“Thiswillmaketaichimorepopulararoundtheworld.Hopefully,morepeoplewillbeehealthierbypracticingit.”saidChenBin.HeisaTaichimasterfromthevillageofChenjiagou,HenanProvince.ThisvillageisthebirthplaceofChenstyleTaichi.It’struethatdoingTaichiisgoodforourhealth.Itcanmakeuswalkandmovemorefreely,anditcanalsomakeusstronger.Duringslowmovements,wecanfocuson(专注)ourhandsandfeet.Wecancontrolthembetter.Slowmovementsalsohelpustotakedeepandlongbreaths.Taichialsofocusesontheharmony(和谐)betweenyin(阴)andyang(阳).ItshowshowtheancientChinesepeoplesawtheworld.Theworldisfullofyinandyang:darkandlight,softandhard,femaleandmale.Buttheydon’toppose(对立)eachotherabsolutely(绝对地).Asweseeinthepicture,awhitespotisintheblackareaandablackspotisinthewhitearea.Afteradarknight,thesunwillrise.Leavesfallinautumnbutgrowinspring.Everythingkeepschanging—thatishowweshouldseetheworld.TaichicarriestraditionalChinesephilosophy(哲学),suchasbeinginharmonywithnatureandusingsoftnesstobeathardness.IthasbeeasymbolofChineseculture.11．HowmanypeoplepracticeTaichiintheworldnow?A．About10million. B．Lessthan150thousand.C．Atmost100thousand. D．Morethan100million.12．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethemovementsofTaichi?A．Slowandbeautiful. B．Slowandexciting. C．Fastandfree. D．Strongandtiring.13．WhyhasTaichibeenaddedtoIntangibleCulturalHeritageListrecently?A．BecauseitisasymbolofChineseculture. B．BecauseitisfromthevillageofChenjiagou.C．Becauseitcanmakeuswalkmorefreely. D．Becauseitcanusesoftnesstobeathardness.14．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．ToaskpeopletodoTaichiintheirfieetime. B．Tointroduceanancientmartialart—taichi.C．ToteachpeoplehowtodoTaichicorrectly. D．ToexplainwhyTaichiisgoodforourhealth.Passage4（2021·新疆·中考真题）根据短文内容，在A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案。Yangzhoupapercutting,withahistoryof2,000years,canbedatedbacktotheSuiDynasty,makingYangzhouoneoftheplaceswherepapercuttingfirstbecamepopular.IntheSuiDynasty,thepeopleofYangzhouwouldcutcolourfulpaperorsilkandsatin(缎子)tocelebratefestivals.ItissaidthatEmperorYangcametoYangzhouthreetimes.Inwinter,theflowersandtreesinthegardenbecamedryandweak.Theemperororderedthegrilservantstocutfinesilkandsatinintoflowersandleavesandusethemtodecoratethetreesandlakes,copyingnicelythelooksofspringandsummer.Sincethen,“colorfulcutting”hasbeeapopularartinYangzhou.IntheTangDynasty,thepapercuttingindustrywashighlydevelopedandalargeamountofhighqualitypaperwasmadeaspresentstotheCourt(宫廷).IntheQingDynasty,becauseoftheeconomicdevelopment,thepeopleofYangzhoubecameinterestedinwearingfineclothing,especiallyembroidered(刺绣的)clothing.Theembroidereddesignswerebasedonpapercuts,themostwellknowofthemwasfromBaoJun,apapercuttingmaster.Hewonahighreputation(名声)asMagicScissorsforhiswonderfulcuttingskills.AfterthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasstarted,theChinesegovernmentacceptedtheimportanceofpapercuttinglikemanyotherartsandskills.In2007,ChinaPapercutsMuseumopenedtothepublicinthebackgardenoftheWang’sResidence(住所),Yangzhou,greatlyhelpingthedevelopmentofYangzhoupapercutting.15．Whendid“colourfulcutting”beeapopularartinYangzhou?A．IntheSuiDynasty. B．IntheTangDynasty.C．IntheMingDynasty. D．IntheQingDynasty.16．Theunderlinedword“decorate”inParagraph2means______inChinese.A．种植 B．装饰 C．浇水 D．砍伐17．WhendidChinaPapercutsMuseumopentothepublic?A．In2007. B．In2008. C．In2009. D．In2010.18．Wherecanweprobablyfindthepassage?A．Inapoem. B．Inanovel. C．Inamagazine. D．Inadictionary.19．What’sthemainideaonthepassage?A．Howtomakepapercutting.B．Thewaytocutpaper.C．TheimportanceofYangzhoupapercutting.D．ThehistoryanddevelopmentofYangzhoupapercutting.Passage5（2021·四川自贡·中考真题）Ifyou’reridingina“lift”oran“elevator”,oreating“chips”versus“fries”,thesewordsalldependonwhetheryou’reintheUKorUS.AlthoughtheybothspeakEnglish,therearemanyphrasesandidiomsthatdifferbetweenthecultures.Forexample,haveyoueverjustnotbeeninthemoodtogooutwithfriends?IntheUSyoumightsayyoudon’tfeellikedoingthatactivity,butintheUKyouwouldsay,“Ican’tbeasked.”Maybeyou’reabouttotakeatestandfeelalittleanxious.IntheUS,youmightsayyouarenervous,butintheUK,onecouldsaytheyare“havingkittens”.IfsomeoneintheUKwerefeelingtheywereunderpressure,theymightsaytheyare“underthecosh”.EvenmanynativeEnglishspeakersareoftenconfusedbythemeaningsoftheseterms.StephanieStone,aUSnative,recallsherexperiencestudyingintheUK.“Peoplewouldask,‘Youallright?’FormonthsIthoughtIlookedunwelluntilIrealizeditjustmeant‘How’sitgoing?’.”IfyouwanttoknowmoreaboutUSandUKidioms,you’dbetter“haveabutcher’shook”atsomephrasebooks.Itcanbequiteinterestingtofind,theequivalent（对应的）phrasesinyourownlanguage.20．WhatwouldyousayinAmericaifyouareunwillingtogooutwithfriends?A．Ican’tbeasked. B．I’munderthecosh. C．Idon’tfeellikedoingthat.21．HowmightStephanieStonefeelatfirstwhenasked‘Youallright?’intheUK?A．Surprised. B．Pleased. C．Tired.22．Whatdoesthephrase“haveabutcher’shook”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Getmanyskills. B．Havealook. C．Findsomewords.23．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．ThemeaningsofphrasesandidiomsintheUKandUS.B．ThehistoryofphrasesandidiomsintheUKandUS.C．ThedifferencesofphrasesandidiomsintheUKandUS.Passage6（2021·重庆八中九年级期中）Shadowpuppetplay(皮影戏),alsocalled“shadowplay”,isatraditionalChineseartofstorytelling.Dramaswereplayedoutinscreenorwallsforthousandsofyearstoentertain(娱乐)andteach.ItwasverypopularinmanypartsofChinaduringtheTang(618907)andSong(9601279)periods.Shadowpuppetsaremadeofhardleather(皮革).Theleatheriscutoutintheshapeofaperson,ananimaloranobject.Eachpuppetispaintedinbrightcolorsandputonastick.Differentcolorsareusedtoshowgoodandbadofpersoninthedrama.Somepuppetshavemovablearmsandlegs.They’reshownonthewhitescreenthroughthelight.Duringashadowpuppetplay,theplayersstandbehindawhitescreenwithlightsbehindit.Theaudiencesitinfrontofthescreen.Theplayersholdthepuppetsveryclosetothescreensotheaudiencecanseethepuppets’shadowsclearly.Thentheymovethepuppetsaroundanddothevoicesofthedifferentroles.NowbecauseofTVandfilms,shadowpuppetplaysarenotaspopularasbefore.Butthebasicprinciple(原理)andwaysofshadowperformanceplayedanimportantroleintheinventionofthemodernmovieandthedevelopmentofthemoviesandcartoons.Nowadays,theChineseshadowpuppetplayshavebeencollectedbymuseumsofmanycountriesintheworld.Itisthetreasureintheworldcultureandartfamily.24．Shadowpuppetplaywasverypopular________.A．betweentheyear907andtheyear960 B．beforetheTangandSongperiodsC．throughtheTangandSongperiods D．aftertheTangandSongperiods25．________dothevoicesofthedifferentroles.A．Thepuppets B．Theplayers C．Theinventors D．Thescreen26．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Shadowplayisanartofstorytellingtoentertainandinstruct.B．Thecolorsofeachshadowpuppethavedifferentmeanings.C．Shadowplayisregardedasthetreasureintheworldculture.D．Shadowplayisunimportantforthedevelopmentofcartoons.27．Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe________.A．ShadowPlay—ATraditionalChineseArt B．TheHistoryofChineseShadowPlayC．HowtoPutonaShadowPlay D．TheStepstoMakeShadowPuppetsPassage7（2021·浙江·慈溪市上林初级中学九年级期中）Americansoftentrytosaythingsasquicklyaspossible.So,forsomeexpressions,weusethefirstlettersofthewordsinsteadofsayingeachword.Manymonexpressionsorlongnamesareshortenedthisway.BYOBisashortwayofsaying,“BringYourOwnBottle.”ThelettersBYOBareoftenfoundatthebottomofawritteninvitationtoasimplesocialeventorgatheringoffriends.Forexample,let’ssayIhadaNewYear’sEveparty.Imightincludeontheinvitation,“PleaseetomypartyandBYOB．”Thebottleeachpersonbringsiswhatthepersonwantstodrinkatthepartyorwantstoshare.However,aninvitationtoaspecialeventsuchasaweddingwouldneversayBYOB．Aninvitationtoanofficialorveryspecialeventoftenhasotherletterswrittenatthebottom.ThelettersareRSVP.TheselettersrepresenttheFrenchexpression,“RepondezS’ilVousPlait.”InEnglishthewordsmean,“RespondIfItPleasesYou.”Americansusethelettersasashortwaytosay,“Pleaseanswerthisinvitation.”AnotherexpressionusuallyusedforbusinessandnotpartiesisASAP.So,acolleaguemightsaysheneedssomethingdoneASAP.Itmeansassoonaspossible.ShemightalsoneedsomethingdonebyCOB．Thatmeansshewantstofinishitby“CloseOfBusiness”ortheendoftheworkday.Beginninglettersareoftenusedtorepresentthenamesofuniversities.AfamousoneisMIT.ThatisshortfortheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.AnothermajoruniversityisUCLLA．Almostnooneeversaysitsrealname,theUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles.Thattakeswaytoolong!28．WhyaresomemonexpressionsorlongnamesshortenedbyAmericans?A．Becauseit’seasytoread. B．Becauseitisquicktosay.C．Becauseitsoundsgood. D．Becauseit’sfasttowrite.29．RSVPmightbewritten________.A．atthetopofaninvitationtoabusinesspartyB．atthetopofaninvitationtoaweddingC．atthebottomofaninvitationtoanofficialeventD．atthebottomofaninvitationtoyourfriend’sparty30．Ifyouwanttochangeatopicwhenyouaretalkingwithsomeone,youmaysay________.A．BTW B．IDK C．TBH D．OMG31．What’sthepurposeofthispassage?A．Tointroduceashortwayofsaying.B．Toteachushowtosaysomethinginashortway.C．Totelluswhyweshouldsaysomethinginashortway.D．Toencourageustosaysomethinginashortway.Passage8（2021·江西·临川一中九年级月考）TheLanternFestivalfallsonthe15thofthefirstmonthofthelunarcalendar（阴历）.Thisdayisalwaysthefirstfullmooninthenewyear.AncientpeoplealsocalleditShangyuanFestival.CelebrationsandtraditionsonthisdaybeganfromtheHanDynasty（朝代）andbecamepopularintheTangDynasty.Watchingtheredlanternsisoneofthemaintraditions.Lanternsofdifferentshapesandsizesareusuallyputontrees,oralongriverbanksonshow.ItissaidthatskylanternswerefirstusedbyZhugeKongmingtoaskforhelpwhenhewasintrouble.Today,whenthelanternsslowlyriseintotheair.Anothertraditionisguessinglanternriddles（谜语）.Theriddlesareusuallyshort,wise（汉字）,afamousperson’sname,oraplacename.Themostimportantthingistoeatsweetdumplingswithdifferenttastes.InnorthernChina,theyarecalledyuanxiaowhileinsouthernpartthey’renamedtangyuan.Becausemakingsweetdumplingsislikeagameoranactivity,theyareusuallydonehappilybyagroupoffriendsorfamilymembers.Inoldtimes,theLanternFestivalwasalsoromantic（浪漫的）.Watchinglanternsgaveyoungpeopleachancetomeeteachother.AlinefromXinQiji,showsthis:HundredsandthousandsoftimesIsearchedforherinthecrowd.SuddenlyIturned,andthereshestood,inthedim（昏暗的）.32．WhendidcelebrationsandtraditionsoftheLanternFestivalstartfrom?A．TheHanDynasty. B．TheTangDynasty. C．TheSongDynasty. D．TheYuanDynasty.33．WhatwereskylanternsfirstusedforbyZhugeKongminginancienttimes?A．Makingwishes. B．Celebratingbirthdays.C．Encouragingthesoldiers. D．Askingforhelp.34．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutsweetdumplings?A．Theyhavedifferenttastes.B．Theyarenamed“yuanxiao”alloverthecountry.C．Peopleenjoytheprocessofmakingthem.D．AtLanternFestivalpeopleeatsweetdumplings.35．ThelinefromXinQijiinthepassageshowstheLanternFestivalwas________inoldtimes.A．boring B．humorous C．romantic D．excitingPassage9（2021·浙江·萧山北干初中九年级月考）ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.GrainRain（谷雨）,asthelastterminspring,startsonApril19andendsonMay4.GrainRainesfromtheoldsaying,“Rainbringsupthegrowthofhundredsofgrains”,whichshowsthatthisperiodofrainfall

isveryimportantforthegrowthofcrops.Here’ssomethingthatyou

maynotknowabouttheGrainRain.HighertemperatureGrainRainfallsbetweentheend

ofspringandthebeginningofsummer,andthetemperature

risesmuchhigherthanitdoesinMarch.Withdrysoilandheavy

winds,sandstormsmayhappenmoreoften.DrinkingteaThereisan

oldcustominsouthern

ChinathatpeopledrinkteaonthedayofGrainRain.SpringteaduringGrainRainisgoodforthe

eyes.It

isalsosaidthatdrinkingteaonthisdaywouldpreventbadluck.Eatingtoonasinensis(香椿)PeopleinnorthernChinahavethetraditiontoeatthevegetabletoonasinensisduringGrainRain.AnoldChinesesayinggoes“toonasinensisbeforetherainisastenderassilk”（嫩如丝）.Thevegetableisgoodforthestomachandskin.TheGrainRainFestivalTheGrain

RainFestivaliscelebratedby

fishing

villagesinnorthernChina.GrainRainmarksthestartofthefishermen’sfirstvoyage（航行）ofthe

year.Thecustomdatesbacktomorethan2000yearsago,whenpeoplebelievedtheyowedagoodharvesttothegods,whoprotectedthemfromthestormyseas.36．HowmanypiecesofinformationdoesthepassagegiveaboutGrainRainthatwemaynotknow?A．2 B．3 C．4 D．537．WhichdayisinGrainRain?A．April13 B．April25 C．May6 D．May1938．Whichofthefollowingisnotthebenefitofeatingthevegetabletoonasinensis?A．Keepingyourskinsmooth B．MakingyourstomachstrongC．Tastingreallygood D．Breathingsmoothly39．InthecoastalareasofnorthernChina,theGrainRainFestivalmeans_________.A．eatingthevegetables B．thestartofthefishermen’sfirstvoyageoftheyearC．thestartoftheheavyrain D．thestartofdrinkingteaPassage10（2021·河北·献县教育体育局教研室九年级期末）EnglishisbeingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Itcanbe