Unit8(单元知识清单)SectionA(基础知识点语法)2022-2023学年八年级下册人教新目标Goforit

Unit8单元知识清单SectionA一、基础知识清单Wordsl.treasuren.珠宝；财富2.islandn.岛3.classicn.经典作品；名著classicaladj.经典的4.pagen.(书刊或纸张的)页，面，张5.hurryv.匆忙；赶快6.dueadj.预期；预定7.shipn.船8.tooln.工具9.gunn.枪10.markn.迹象；记号；分数v.做记号；打分markedadj.明显的11.sandn.沙滩；沙12.cannibaln.食人肉者13.towardsprep.朝；向；对着14.landn.陆地；大地15.fictionn.小说16.technologyn.科技17.Frenchn.法语Francen.法国Phrasesgoouttosea出海befullof=befilledwith充满finishdoingsth完成做某事putdown放下hurryup赶快onpage25在25页bookreport读书报告bedue到期arriveontheisland到达岛上havenothing一无所有bringback带回loseone’slife失去生命giveup放弃waitfor等待cutdown砍倒themarkof...的印记notlongafterthat在那之后不久one...theother一个...另一个leavebehind留下can’twaittodo迫不及待地做某事runtowards朝...跑去onthesand在沙滩上growup长大intwoweeks两周之后SentencesHaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?What’sitlike?OliverTwistisaboutaboywhogoesouttoseaandfindsanislandfulloftreasures.TomSawyerisaboutaboywholivesintheUnitedStates.HaveyoudecidedyetwhichbooktowriteaboutforEnglishclass?Thebookreportisdueintwoweeks.It’saboutfoursistersgrowingup.Icouldn’tputitdown.Haveyouatleastreadthebackofthebooktoseewhatit’sabout?Youshouldhurryup.I’vebroughtbackmanythingsIcanuse.Ihavealreadycutdowntrees.Whoelseisonmyisland?Ifoundthemarksofanotherman’sfeetonthesand.Isawsomecannibalstryingtokilltwomenfromabrokenship.Howlonghavetheybeenhere?Oneofthemdiedbuttheotherruntowardsmyhouse.InamedhimFriday.Shecan’twaittoreadthem!Grammar现在完成时的用法二、知识点清单1.HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?(1)yet疑问句中表“已经”，用在否定句中表“还”，常放在句末。(2)already意为“已经”，用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。2.What’sitlike?(1)What’ssb/sthlike?...怎么样？eg：—What’sthebooklike?—It’sfantastic.(2)Whatdoes/dosb/sthlike?...喜欢什么？eg：—Whatfruitdoyoulike?—Ilikebananas.3.OliverTwistisaboutaboywhogoesouttoseaandfindsanislandfulloftreasures.(1)whogoesouttoseaandfindsanislandfulloftreasures.定语从句修饰先行词aboy,关系代词是who。(2)anislandfulloftreasures.fullof修饰anislandbefullof=befilledwith充满、填满fill...with用...填满4.HaveyoudecidedyetwhichbooktowriteaboutforEnglishclass?(1)decidetodosth决定去做某事decisionn.决定makeadecisiontodosth(2)whichbooktowriteabout特殊疑问词+不定式todosth做宾语eg:Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Idon’tknowhowtodoit.Idon’tknowwheretogo.Idon’tknowwhentoleave.5.Thebookreportisdueintwoweeks.(1)dueadj.到期的beduetodosth预期做某事dueto=becauseof由于(2)时间状语in+一段时间在...之后（多用于一般将来时）用howsoon提问for+一段时间持续一段时间用howlong提问6.I’vebroughtbackmanythingsIcanuse.(1)bring(brought,brought)v.带来从（某地）带到（讲话者处）bringsb.sth=bringsthtosb.给某人带某物bringback带回eg:Don’tforgettobringsomethingbackforkids.(2)Icanuse为定语从句，修饰先行词things,省略了关系代词which/that.7.Icouldn’tputitdown.Ihavealreadycutdowntrees.(1)putdown放下动词+副词短语，代词放中间、名词放两边(2)cutdown砍倒动词+副词短语，代词放中间、名词放两边eg:Iwanttoputthesebooksdown.=putdownthesebooksShelikedthebooksomuchthatshecouldn’tputitdown.Peoplecutdownmanytrees.=cutmanytreesdownThesetreesareuseful.Pleasdon’tcutthemdown.8.Whoelseisonmyisland?else其他的、其余的(1)常用于疑问代词和不定代词后，起形容词作用Whatelse?还有呢？someoneelse其他人(2)副词（常用在疑问副词之后）另外，其他（时间、地方、方式）Whenelsewillyoueagain?你们什么时候还会来呢？WhereelsemightIfindthisbook?别的什么地方我能找到这本书呢？9.Ifoundthemarksofanotherman’sfeetonthesand.markn.记号（可数）Hiswetfeetleftmarksonthefloor.(2)n.分数（可数）Hegot80marksinEnglish.(3)v.做记号、打分Hemarkedtheimportantsentences.sandn.沙滩，沙指细小的沙粒，用作不可数名词onthesand=onthebeach在沙滩上eg:Therearesomechildrenplayingwithsandonthesand.10.Isawsomecannibalstryingtokilltwomen...(1)seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事seesbdosth看见某人做了某事(全过程）eg:IsawmanyboysplayingbasketballovertherewhenIpassedbytheplayground.Shesawmanyboysplaybasketballyesterday.(2)trytodosth尽力去做某事trydoingsth尝试着做某事eg:TheytrytolearnEnglishwellalthoughit’sdifficult.ItrylearningsomeFrenchbecauseIfounditinteresting.11.Howlonghavetheybeenhere?have/hasbeento去过某地已经回来了have/hasgoneto去了某地还未回来have/hasbeenin在某地呆了多久eg:Wehavebeentothismuseumthreetimes.Mymotherisnothere,andshehasgonetoBeijing.IhavebeeninShanghaifor4years.12.Oneofthemdiedbuttheotherruntowardsmyhouse.one...theother一个...另一个辨析theother(s)，other(s)，anotherother泛指其他的，修饰复数名词。others泛指其他的人或物。theother指“两者中的另一个”。通常用于one...theothertheothers特指特定范围内其余的所有人或物。通常用于some...theothersanother指“三者或以上中的另一个”。13.InamedhimF(1)n.名字(2)v.给...取名namesb.sth.给某人取名namesb./sth.aftersb.以...命名(3)named为过去分词，做后置定语，意为“被命名为”，相当于called。14.Shecan’twaittoreadthem!(1)can’twaittodosth迫不及待地去做某事(2)can’thelpdoingsth情不自禁地做某事(3)can’tstanddoingsth不能容忍做某事eg:Ican’twaittowatchTV.Thenewcouplecouldn’thelplaughing.Shecan’tstandwaitingforalongtime.三、语法清单现在完成时含义：1.过去的动作/状态对现在造成的影响或结果。2.在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作或者状态，有可能还会继续下去。Ihavealreadyreadthisbookformanytimes.Shehaslivedherefor10years.构成：have/has+过去分词标志词：already(已经):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已经):用于否定句,疑问句Hehasn’tdonehishomeworkyet.just(刚刚)Theyhavejustleft.ever(曾经)HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?afewtimes(从不)Ihaveseenthemovieafewtimes.before(以前)Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?for+时间段，IhavelearnedEnglishfor5years.since+时间点\从句Shehaslivedheresinceshewastwo.过去分词的构成1.过去分词的规则变化：与动词过去式相同(1)一般情况下直接+edfinishfinished(2)以不发音e结尾的直接+dlivelived(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变i再+edstudystudied(4)以重读闭音节“辅元辅”结构结尾的,双写尾