2021年人教版中考英语宾语从句详解及专项练习（含答案）

宾语从句(ObjectClause)

一、定义与分类

1、在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

2、宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.

3、时态：

a主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。

b主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。

c主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。

二、宾语从句的连接词

1、从属连词

连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether,在从句中不充当任何句子成分。

that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句

Eg：

Hetoldmethathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear。他告诉我他下一年上大学.

Idon'tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.

Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.

2、连接代词

连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.

连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述.在从句中充当名词性成分。

Eg：

DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗？

Idon'tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.我不知道你该依靠谁.

ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.

Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?

你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗？

3、连接副词

连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.在从句中充当状语成分。

Eg：

Hedidn'ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.

Couldyoupleasetellmehowyoureadthenewpanel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？

Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.没人知道这些新的零件能在哪里买到.

三、动词的宾语从句

1、大多数动词都可以带宾语从句

Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.

我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮.

Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.

他告诉我们在整个工作中，他都会帮忙的.

2、部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句

Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.

我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.

Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?你能算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗？

3、动词短语也可以带宾语从句

常见的这些词有：

makesure确保makeupone'smind下决心keepinmind牢记

Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.

在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.

4、可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语

从句后置.

Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.

IfeelitapitythatIhavenbeentotheget・togethe匚我没去聚会，感觉mE常遗憾.

IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.

Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.

我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.

②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it,此时it无实际意义。

这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.

Eg：

Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.

Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.

Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我们认为你会同意我们的.

Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.

开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.

③若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替

Eg：

Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.

Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我们发现我们所学至ij的东西都是有用的.

四、介词的宾语从句

1、用wh-类的介词宾语从句

Eg：

Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.

我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.

ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.

这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.

2、用that,if引导的介词宾语从句

有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句

Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.

对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.

四、形容词的宾语从句

常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised

Eg：

IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我确信我会通过考试.

IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.

HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.

他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.

五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别

①if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后，介词后一

般不用if

②少数动词，如leave,pul,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.

③whether后可以加ornol,但是if不可以.

④在不定式前只能用whether.

Ican'tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。

⑤避免歧异时，我们常用whether而不用if.

六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that

1、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；

2、当宾语从句较长时；

3、当宾语从句前置时；eg.Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.

4、当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略；

5、当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时；

6、当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；

7、当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；

8、当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；

9、当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；

七、宾语从句的否定转移

1、主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第

一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.

Eg：

Idon'tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能说成Ithinkhewon'tcometomyparty.

我认为他不会来我的舞会.

Idon'tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?

我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是？

2、如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.

Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?

我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？

八、宾语从句的时态和语序

1、当主句为现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.

2、当主句为过去时

①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生

Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn'tknowwhatcountryhewasin.

我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书，可不知道是哪个国家.

HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.

他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>.

②从句用过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前

HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.

他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.

③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后

Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.

记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.

3、如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化

Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.

4、当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排,经常将

这类引导词置于句首

Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?

你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.

5、运用虚拟语气的情况

在表示：建议(suggest,advise)要求(demand、desire、require>request>propose)决定(decide)

命令(order、command)坚决主张(insist)等动词后跟宾语从句，用(should)+v.(虚拟语气)

eg.Isuggestedthatyou(should)studyhard.

Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce.

九、学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

1.连接词

连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which(指事)，who(指人)

a.从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。

b.从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在whether...ornot结构中不能用if替换。

c.从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。

2、语序

宾语从句一般用陈述语序。当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他

3.判断时态情况：

1.主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。

2.主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。

宾语从句专项练习

一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。

1.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.

HesaidtheseflowersfromGuangdong.

2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.

Myteachertoldmelightfasterthansound.

3.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn'tknow.

Jackdidn'tknowthereameetinginfivedays.

4.CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.

IwanttoknowFrench.

5.Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.

Tellmethechildrengames.

6.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.

Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGanghomeworkyet.

7.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?

Whoknowsinthepicture?

8.Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?

Doyouknowhercar?

9.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.

Thegirlwonderedoftenabout.

10.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon'tknow.

Idon91knowatthedoorsoloudly.

11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.

Idon'tknowhestillinthatstreet.

12.What'shisname?Iaskedhim.

Iaskedhimwhat.

13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.

Pleasetellme.

14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.

Heaskedtheboystheyfriedchicken.

15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.

Idon'tknowthewatchmadeinShanghai.

二、选择填空。

()1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid.

A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasit

C.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring

()2.Tomaskedmyfriend.

A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoon

C.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry

()3.Letmetellyou.

A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcost

C.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar

()4.Peterknew.

A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestions

C.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleavefbrParis

()5.Couldyoutellme?

A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor

C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein

()6.1can'tunderstandtheboyalone.

A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft

()7.Shetoldmethesunintheeast.

A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen

()8.1don'tknowupsoearlylastSunday.

A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot

()9.Themanagercameuptosee.

A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.whafsthematter

()10.Heaskedhisfather.

A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen

()11.Noonetellsus,soweneedyourhelp.

A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit

()12.Couldyoupleaseteachmethecomputer.

A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking

()13.Theydon'tknowtheirparentsare.

AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich

()14.-WheredoyouthinkhetheTVset?

-Sorry,Fvenoidea.

A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought

()15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantellitwouldbelikeinfiveyears.

A.how,anotherB.what,moreC.how,otherD.what,another

()16.—Couldyoutellme?—Yes.HetotheUSA.

A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgone

C.wherewashe/hasbeenD.wherehewas/hasgone

()17.—Mikewantstoknowifapicnictomorrow.

-Yes.Butifit,we'llvisitthemuseuminstead.

A.youhave/willrainB.youwillhave/willrain

C.youwillhave/rainsD.willyouhave/rains

()18.1reallydon'tknowifsheitwhenshe.

A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives

()19.MissLiusaidshewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what

()20.Heaskedme.

A.whowillkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCupB.whenwastheAPECmeetingheld

C.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTOD.wherethe2008Olympicswillbeheld

()21.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeperWhoMovedMyCheesewasan

interestingbook.

A.thatB.howC.whatD.if

()22.Youmustremember

A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersay

B.C.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid

()23.1dorTtknow

A.whichroomIcanliveB.whichroomcanIlive

C.whichroomIcanliveinD.whichroomcanIlivein

)24.-----Doyouknowwhenheback?

-----Sorry,Idon,9t.Whenheback,I'lltellyou.

A.comes;comesB.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcome

)25Thegirlsaskediftheysomefoodanddrinkwiththem.

A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake

)26Marysaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.

A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen

()27Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___aPEclasstoday.

A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are

()28.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?

A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that

()29.1don'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.

A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where

()30.Doyouknowtheylistenedtoyesterdayevening?

A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow

三、用合适的连接词填空。

1.Jimtoldmehedidn*tgofishingyesterdayafternoon,(how,why)

2.Doyouknowelseisgoingtobeondutytoday?(who,whom)

3.Shesaiditwouldn'tmattermuch.(that,if)

4.Healwaysthinkshecandobetter.(how,who)

5.1reallydon'tknowthebridgewillbefinished,(howlong,howsoon)

6.Theydon'tknowtogoorwait,(if,whether)

7.Wearetalkingaboutwe'llgobacktomorrow,(whether,if)

8.1wasreallysurprisedatIsaw.(where,what)

9.1don'tknowsomanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)

10.Doyouknowyouarestudyingfor?(why,what)

四、句型转换。

1."Doyouwanttotryit?"Tom'smotheraskedhim.(同义句)

Tom'smotheraskedhimtotryit.

2.1thinkthisisagoodidea.(改为否定句)

Ithisagoodidea.

3.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.(改为复合句)

Lucyhasn'tdecidedbuy.

4.1don'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.(改为简单句)