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浙江省部分市20232024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题汇编阅读理解浙江省温州市20232024学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题一、阅读理解AMexicohasavarietyoffestivalscelebratingcinemaandfilmeventsthattakeplacealltheyear.Herearesomeofthemostimportantones.FestivalSayulitaFestivalSayulitaisatwoweekgatheringforloversoffilm,food,musicandsurfing.ThepleasantcoastaltowninRivieraNayaritprovidesascenicbackgroundforthisinternationalfestival.Filmswillbeshowninvariousplacesintown.Additionaleventsincludefoodpairings,beachfrontfilmscreenings,lectureseries,andlivemusic.Allshowsandactivitiesofferfreeadmission.RivieraMayaFilmFestivalItshowsfilmsinvarioustheatersallovertheStateofQuintanaRooinsouthernMexico,includingthedestinationsofCancunandIslaHolbox.Directorsthroughouttheglobehaveagreatloveofitonaccountofitsbiggestdraw—thepetitionforBestMexicanFilm,“PlataformaMexicana”.Screeningsarefreetothepublic.OaxacaFilmFestivalDesignedtobeapetitiveevent,thisninedayfestivalprovidesaplatformforthetalentsofexperiencedfilmmakersaswellasrisingartistsfromeachcontinenttoshowcasetheirworks.Thefestivalisequallydevotedtoincreasingtheaudienceforindependentfilms.LosCabosInternationalFilmFestivalLosCabosInternationalFilmFestivalwelesrisingandcelebratedfilmmakersfromaroundtheworldwhowillshowcasetheirfilmworks,suchasindependent,shortsanddocumentaries,toenhancemoviemakingintheU.S.,Mexico,andaroundtheworld.1.WhichfestivalinterestsfansofthepetitionforBestMexicanFilm?A.FestivalSayulita. B.RivieraMayaFilmFestival.C.OaxacaFilmFestival. D.LosCabosInternationalFilmFestival.2.Whatdothesefestivalshaveinmon?A.Theyshowfilmsonthebeach. B.Theyoftenlastaroundtwoweeks.C.Theyofferthepublicfreescreenings. D.Theyweleworldwidefilmmakers.3.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Afilmreview. B.Anartmagazine.C.Ahistorybook. D.Ascientificjournal.BOnaSaturdaymorninglastNovember,Igotupat5tobeattheArmorytrackon168thStreetinHarlem,aneighborhoodinManhattanforthegirls’4×2relayrace(接力赛).IjoinedtheteamwhenIwasafreshmanatAbrahamLincolnHighSchool.Ihadn’tconsideredituntilagirlcameuptomeandsaid,“Youlooklikeagoodrunner.Wouldyouliketojointhetrackteam?”ShethoughtIwouldmakeagoodrunnerbecauseshesawmylegsandarmswerebuilt,butIwasjustnaturallyslim.Iwasexcitedandsurprised,“Idon’tknow.WhatdoIhavetodo?”“Itisalotofhardworkanddevotion.It’snoteasy.”Shewasright.Myteamhadpracticeeverydayfrom3:30to6exceptforFridays.Whenwedidn’thavepractice,I’drunonmyownontheboardwalk.Igotfasterandfocused.Trackhelpedmegetawayfromtroubles.Argumentswithmymom,problemswithschoolwork,anddramaswiththekidsatschool.IfeltcalmeverytimeIran.IgottotheArmoryat7.Myteamwasalreadythere.Wegaveeachotherhugsandhighfives.Whentheofficialscalledfortherelayrace,Iwentouttothestartingline.Thenthegunwentoff.AsIpoundedthetrack,Iwasfocusingsomuchonmyself.Istartedrunningawayfrommyproblems.Icouldn’tseeanyoneoranythingbutthefinishline.Everythingelsewasjustablur.Ifoughttothefinishline.Iwasn’tonlyfightingagainsttheotherteams;Iwasalsofightingtowinmybattleagainstmystress.Icouldfeelthewindblowingagainstmyskin.IfeltlikeIwasflying.Mystressdisappeared.I

cameinsecondasIpassedthebaton(接力棒)tomyteammate.4.Whydidtheauthortakeuprunning?A.Bychance. B.Duetostress. C.Outofinterest. D.Forweightloss.5.Whatbenefitdidtheauthorgetfromrunning?A.Havingaregularlifestyle. B.Escapingfromherproblems.C.Doingwellinschoolwork. D.GettingalongwellwithMom.6.Whatdoesparagraph6mainlytalkabout?A.Therunningprocess. B.Theteamspirit.C.Thetraininghardship. D.Theracepurpose.7.Whatcanwelearnformthepassage?A.Everydoghasitsday. B.Challengesbuildcharacter.C.Talentisthekeytosuccess. D.Accidentscanleadtotherightpath.CEveryoneknowsthis:Slowlyturnuptheheatonafroginapotofwater,andthefrogwon’thopout.Unawareoftheslightincreaseinheat,itwillstayputuntil—well,untilitdies.Whenitestotheeffectofrisingglobaltemperaturesonamphibians(两栖动物),thefrogboilingfableismorethanjustametaphor(隐喻).Climatechangeisbeingoneofthebiggestthreatstofrogsandotheramphibians,accordingtoamajorstudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNature.Between2004and2022,risingtemperaturesbecametheprimaryreasonwhymorethan100amphibianspecieswereslippingtowardextinction.Thespreadofdiseaseamongfrogsandthedestructionoftheirhabitatshavelongbeenrecognizedasreasonswhymanyamphibiansaredecreasing.Butthisnewstudyestablishesclimatechangeasamajorriskforamphibiansaroundtheworld,too.Thesoftskinnedanimalslackthefurandfeatherstohelpadjusttheirtemperatureinthishotterandmoredroughtstrickenworld.Lessattentionispaidtofrogsandotheramphibiansparedtomorewellknowngroupslikebirds.Butlosingamphibianswouldbedisastrousbecausetheyoftenactasakeylinkinthefoodwebofecosystems,wolfinginsectsdownand,inturn,beingeatenbylargerpredators(捕食者).“Withoutthoseamphibianstofillthatrole,wewillseethebreakdownofthisfoodweb,”saidNeam,whoworksforanAustinbasedenvironmentalgroup.Luckily,habitatprotectionandotherconservationmeasureshavebeentakentohelprecovermorethanfivedozenamphibiansfromCostaRicatoMalaysia.“It’snotallbadnews,”saidJenniferLuedtke,anamphibiangroupleaderwiththeInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.“Butwereallymustbuildonthisimprovementandsignificantlyincreaseinvestmentinamphibianconservation.”8.Howisthetopicintroduced?A.Bylistingfacts. B.Byexplainingideas.C.Bysharingastory. D.Byraisingaquestion.9.Whatisthemainreasonforthedecreaseofamphibiansaccordingtothenewstudy?A.Thespreadofdisease. B.Thelossofhabitats.C.Theriseoftemperature. D.Thelackoffeathers.10.Whatwillhappenifthenumberofamphibiansdecreases?A.Thefoodchainwillbedestroyed. B.Wolveswilldependmoreoninsects.C.Predatorswillbethekeyroleoftheweb. D.Theecosystemwillbeemorediverse.11.HowdoesLuedtkefeelaboutthefutureofamphibians?A.Worried. B.Hopeful. C.Uncertain. D.Curious.DInthe1930s,thefirstcakemixes(蛋糕粉)whichonlyrequiredwaterwereinventedandsomepeoplearguedthatthisapproach,theeasiest,wasthebest.Butothersthoughtcookswouldwanttodomore.Thecakemixargumentmaybeoutdated,butitscentralquestionremains:Justhowdemandingdowewantourtechnologiestobe?Thenwhatisademandingtechnology?Twoelementsareincluded:Oneisthatitistechnologythattakestimetomaster,andtheotheristhatitsoperationincludessomerealriskoffailure.Therefore,apianoisademandingtechnology,asisaprogramminglanguageoramachinesystem.However,socalledeasytechnologiesusuallyrequirelittleconcentratedeffortandproducepredictableresults.Clearly,easytechnologieshaveremadehumansocietyoverthepastcentury,buttheproblemisthat,aseveryindividualtaskbeeseasier,wedemandmuchmoreofbothourselvesandothers.Asaresult,wearefacedwithalargernumberofsmalltasks(writinghundredsofemails)insteadoffewerdifficulttasks(writingseverallongletters).And,wheneverytaskiseasy,nearlyallpeoplearemultitasking(多任务处理).Easytechnologiessupposedlyfreeustofocusonwhatmatters,butsometimeswhatmattersgetseliminated.Everyoneknowsthatitiseasiertodrivetothetopofamountainthantohike;theviewsmaybethesame,butthefeelingneveris.Followingthesameidea,wedevelopintobeingsthatcandomore.However,wecan’tgetthesamesatisfactionasweexpect.Idon’tmeanthateverythingneedstobedonethehardway.Butwemusttakechallengesseriously,orwe’llfacethedangerofbeingcreatureswhoselivesarelesssatisfying.12.Whatmakesdemandingtechnologiesdifferentfromeasytechnologies?A.Itrequiresmucheffort. B.Ittakeslittleattention.C.Itachievesintendedeffect. D.Itdealswithmachines.13.Whatisapossibleresultofeasytechnologies?A.Moretimeforconcentration. B.Writingmuchlongerletters.C.Lowerexpectationsonothers. D.Doingvarioustasksatatime.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminated”inparagraph4mean?A.Noticed. B.Stressed. C.Improved. D.Removed.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.TheArgumentOverCakeMixes B.WhatIsADemandingTechnology?C.TheProblemWithEasyTechnologies D.WhatChallengesDoHumansFace?浙江省衢州市20232024学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题一、阅读理解ADiveintotheworldofmoneywiththese4booksthataimtoeducateandempoweryoungreadersontheimportanceoffinancialknowledgeandsmartmoneymanagement.WhyMoneyMattersbyDeborahMeadenYoumightrecognizeinvestorandbusinessownerDeborahMeadenfromTV’sDragon’sDen.Shesharesherexpertknowledgeofhowmoneyworksandshapestheworld.PartoftheLittleExpertsseries,thebookiseasytoreadwithlotsoflivelydrawings.CashbyRashmiSirdeshpandeSubtitled“HowtoEarnIt,SaveIt,SpendIt,GrowIt,GiveIt”,thisisanentertainingandinformativeguidetomanagingyourmoney.It’sdesignedtohelpchildrenmaketherightdecisionswiththeircash.TheauthoriscurrentlyexploringnonfictionbooksasWriterinResidenceforthereadingcharityBookTrust.EconomicsbyEduardAltarribaGetthebiggerpictureandexplorethewiderworldofeconomicsandfinancewiththisillustratedbook.Itexploressomeoftheplicatedideasyoumayhaveheardabout,suchasinflationandthecostofliving,andit’saninterestingintroductiontothewaysthatmoneyaffectsourlivesandsociety.RebelGirlsMoneyMattersbyAlexavonTobelWhetheryourpiggybankisemptyoroverflowing,you’llfindplentyofusefulinformationinthisfunfinancialguidefromthecreativeteambehindtheRebelGirlsbooks.Withinteractivequizzes,Q&Aswithexpertsandreallifeexamples,itexplainshowcreditcardsworkandhowtocreateabudget.1.Whatdo“WhyMoneyMatters”and“Economics”haveinmon?A.Theyarebothwrittenforadultreaders.B.Theybothusepicturestoexplainthings.C.Theyarebothwrittenbybusinessowners.D.Theybothexplaindifficulteconomicideas.2.Whatisspecialabout“RebelGirlsMoneyMatters”?A.Itshowshowmoneyaffectsthesociety.B.Itexplainshowtoapplyforacreditcard.C.Itincludesquizzes,Q&Asandexamples.D.Itcostsyouallthemoneyinyourpiggybank.3.Whoarethefourbooksintendedfor?A.Children. B.Adults. C.Travelers. D.Experts.BThere’sfortinthebottomofaswimmingpool.Intheopenair,thenoisesalldemandedyourattention:thelifeguard’swhistle,theslappingoffeetacrosstheground,thevoicesaskingfordifferentthings.Itremindedmeoftheschoolcafeteria,packedwithkids:tooloudtoreadabookin.Butbeneaththesurface,thingswerequiet.Thesoundsthatusedtoannoymelostalltheirpower.Instead,theymixedwiththesplashingofthewaterandthegentleblubblubofairbubblesescapingmynose.Allthenoisesworkedtogethertocreateasymphony.Harmony.Perhapsthebestthingaboutthebottomofaswimmingpool,though,wasthatatthebottomofaswimmingpool,Iwasalone.Ididn’thavetoworryaboutanyonesplashingorkickingormakingfunofme.Theywereallfar,farawayuponthesurface.Itwasonlyme.Justme.IusedtowishIcouldliveunderwater.Mermaids(美人鱼)didn’thavetogotoschool.Mermaidsdidn’tcallothermermaidsnerds(怪胎).Butonce,whenIcameupforair,Ispottedagirlmyageattheothersideofthepool.WelockedeyesbeforeIwentbackunder,justforasecond.Ididn’tthinkanythingofit—girlslikeherusuallydidn’twanttobeseenaroundme—untilIfeltasofttugonmyankle,andIspiedhernexttome.Sheactuallywantedtotalktome.Shewantedtobefriends.Sowetalked.AndIfoundoutthatshelikedPokémonandWarriorCatsjustlikeIdid.Andwepetedtoseewhocouldmakethebiggestsplash,andwhenitgotdarkandthelightscameon,weexploredthedepthsofthepooltogether.Ididn’tspendsomuchtimeatthebottomofaswimmingpoolafterthat.HowcouldIwhentherewassomuchwaitingformeonthesurface?4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheschoolcafeteria?A.Crowdedandnoisy. B.Quietandempty.C.Harmoniousandlively. D.fortableandsatisfying.5.Theauthormentionsmermaidsinparagraph4to.A.showhisfondnessofhisschoolmatesB.highlighthisloveofreadingliteratureC.stresshisdesireforpeaceandbeingaloneD.sharehisimaginationoftheunderwaterworld6.Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetowardthegirlatfirst?A.Curious. B.Grateful. C.Impatient. D.Uninterested.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheGirlWhoSavedMe B.TheBenefitsofSwimmingC.TheBottomofaSwimmingPool D.TheSchoolTroublesthatPainedMeCWeareseeingtherisksthatA.I.presentstosociety.Deepfakes,aformofphotoshopthatcreatesrealisticimageswiththehelpofA.I.learning,hasbeenusedfornewsreports.ChatbotsandA.I.softwarehaveawelldocumentedhistoryofshowingracistbehavior.ThepotentialwidespreadjoblossatthehandsofA.I.putsusallatriskforeconomicandpoliticaltrouble.Inresponse,manypeoplehavecalledforincreasedregulation(监管).Butmostpolicymakerssimplydonotunderstandartificialintelligenceenoughtocarryoutmeaningfulregulations,andthespeedatwhichA.I.isprogressingmakesitnearlyimpossibleforthemtocatchup.Therealsolution?AnA.I.pause,ashorttimestop.Already,theideahasbeensupportedbyover1,100individualsinvolvedintheartificialintelligencemunity.UnderanA.I.pause,nodevelopmentorresearch,academicorbusiness,couldbedonetoadvanceartificialintelligencebeyondacertain“powerlevel”.Thiswouldgivegovernmentsthetimetoanalyzeandregulatetheartificialintelligencefield.TheywouldbeabletoestablishpoliciestoprotectthejobsofgroupsliketruckdriverswhosejobscouldbewipedoutbyA.I.drivencars.Theycouldcreatebottomlinestandardsforcrimerecognitionsoftwaretopassbeforeitcouldbeusedbylocalpolice.Ontopofthat,anA.I.pausecouldalsobegoodtothepaniesandresearchgroupsdevelopingA.I.models.Apauseinthe“A.I.armsrace”couldallowgroupslikeOpenAItodevotemoreresourcestoaddressingthefaultsintheircurrentA.I.softwareratherthanrushingtodevelopmoreadvancedmodels.Apausecouldultimatelyleadtoasuperiorfinalproduct.A.I.couldbeoneofthemostbeneficialinventionstothehumanrace,butitcouldalsobeoneofthemostsocietallycataclysmic.WithanA.I.pause,we’llhavetheopportunitytoimproveuponandunderstandA.I.technology,whileensuringthatitsdevelopmentisinharmonywithoursociety.8.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinparagraph2?A.A.I.isgrowingundercontrol.B.Regulationsmakelittledifference.C.Thegovernmentwon’tfailtoregulateA.I.D.PoliticiansshouldkeepaclosereyeonA.I.9.Whatisthemainideaofparagraphs4and5?A.ThereasonsforanA.I.pause. B.TheproblemsofanA.I.pause.C.ThedefinitionofanA.I.pause. D.ThebenefitsofanA.I.pause.10.Whatdoesthe“A.I.armsrace”

inparagraph5referto?A.Acontesttobuildarmsforrobots.B.AcontesttodevelopA.I.forthemilitary.C.ApetitionforadvancedA.I.technologies.D.ApetitionforA.I.poweredsportsequipment.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cataclysmic”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Disastrous. B.Inspiring. C.Beneficial. D.Widespread.DHowevergoodtherestofthatjokemightbe,theonethingweknowforsureisthatthepersonhearingajokeisfarmorelikelytolaughiftheyareinthepanyofothers,paredtobeingalone.Studieshaveshownthatpeopleare30timeseasiertolaughinpanythanwhenontheirown.Laughterisasocialbehavior.Itisinfectious(有感染力的)andiscausedbyotherpeople’spresenceandtheirlaughter.Infact,trylisteningtolaughter,notthejokethatproducedit.It’smorethanlikelythatyouwillfindyourselfbeginningtolaughalonginresponse.Thereappeartobetwodifferentsortsoflaughter.Thereistheinvoluntarylaugh,whichisunlikelytobestopped.Thissortoflaughterischaracterizedbyitslength——itcancontinueforlongerthanyouthinkyoucanbear,andthelaughcontainsmajorchangesinpitch(音调)withaveryhightopnote.Andthenthere’ssociallaughter,thesortoflaughpeoplegivewhentheywanttoacceptsomething.Thispolitelaughterischaracterizedbylessobviouspitchchanges.

Psychologistshaveestablishedthatpeoplearegoodattellingthedifferencebetweenthesetwodifferentsortsoflaughter.However,theabilitytodistinguishthemissomethingwelearn.A

childcannottellwhatisvoluntaryandwhatissociallaughter.Itisprovedthattheabilitytounderstandlaughterseemstobeparticularlyrelevantinhappilymarriedcouples.Studieshaveshownthatcoupleswithlastinghappymarriagesuselaughterasawayofdealingwiththeeverydaystressesofmarriedlife.Sothecouplethatlaughstogether,staystogether.Laughterhasdevelopedtocreateandmaintainthesocialgroupsthatarenecessaryforustoadvance,andithelpsustofeelbetterbyprovidingawayoutformanyofthedifficultemotionsthatareunavoidablewhenlivingwithotherpeople.Infact,it’sakindofgluethatholdshumansocietiestogether.12.Inwhatsituationarepeopleeasiertolaugh?A.Beingalone. B.Hearingareallyfunnyjoke.C.Stayingwiththeirbelovedpets. D.Listeningtoothers’infectiouslaughter.13.Whichofthefollowingisakindofinvoluntarylaughter?A.Politelaughter. B.Sociallaughter.C.Highpitchedlaughter. D.Controllablelaughter.14.Whatistheconnectionbetweenlaughterandmarriage?A.Nolaughter,nomarriage.B.Morelaughter,happiermarriage.C.Laughteresbeforemarriage.D.Laughteriseasy,whilemarriageisdifficult.15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerninglaughter?A.Laughterisanecessityforhumansurvival.B.Laughterisagoodwaytodealwithnegativeemotions.C.Laughterhelpspeoplemakemorecontributionstothesociety.D.Laughterwascreatedbysomesocialgroupstoavoidbademotions.浙江省丽水市20232024学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题一、阅读理解AOurhealthcareprofessionalscanonlyprovidecareforstudentswhoarephysicallyinOntario.IfyouwillbetravelingoutofOntarioatthetimeofyourappointment,pleaseletusknowassoonaspossible.Wewillrescheduleyourappointment.NewpatientsWeletotheHealth&WellnessCentreatSt.Georgecampus!•Beforebookingyourfirstappointment,youwillneedtoregisterasanewpatient/client.Pleasecallourmainline4169788030(MondayFriday,9a.m.4:30p.m.)andourreceptionstaffwillassistyou.•Afteryourcall,pletetheRegistrationPackagethroughasecureonlineportalbeforeyourfirstappointment.YourHealth&Wellnesshealthcareprofessionalswillreviewyourhealthhistoryandneedsinadvance.•Onceyousubmit(提交)yourRegistrationPackage,youmayreconnectwiththeHealth&WellnessCentretoscheduleyourfirstappointment.Importantthingstoknowforregistering:•PleasehaveyourTCardandhealthcardready,whenyoucalltoregisterandwhenyoubookappointments.•OurservicesareforcurrentlyregisteredfulltimeandparttimeUniversityofTorontostudents.Pleasereviewourpoliciesbeforecontactingus.Afterweregisteryouasanewpatient/client,wewillcreateaMedeoaccountforyouwhereyoucanmanageyourappointments.ExistingpatientsIfyouarealreadyapatientwithHealth&Wellness,callustobookanappointmentat4169788030;•selectoption5formentalhealthcare.•selectoption2forprimarycare(medicalservices),i.e.familyphysicians,nurses.Health&WellnessalsousesavirtualcareplatformcalledMedeoforonlinemedicalappointmentrequestsandlabresultviewing.Formoredetailedinformation,pleaseclickhere.1.Whatarenewpatientsrequiredtodobeforethefirstappointment?A.Toreschedulethefirstappointment.B.TopletetheRegistrationPackage.C.Toreviewtheirownhealthhistory.D.Tocallthehealthcareprofessionals.2.Whichofthefollowingisnecessarywhileyouareregistering?A.CreatingaMedeoaccount.B.Downloadingthepolicies.C.HavingaTCardandhealthcardready.D.BeingafulltimeUniversityofTorontostudent.3.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Astudentlifeguidebook.B.Astudentclubmagazine.C.Ahealthcareservicesbrochure.D.AcampusHealthCenterwebpage.BThomasTaylor’soriginalwatercolorillustrationforthefirsteditionof“HarryPotterandthePhilosopher’sStone”publishedbyBloomsburyin1997isscheduledtobeauctioned(拍卖)forJune26inNewYork.Theartworkisexpectedtobringinbetween$400,000to$600,000,settingarecordforanyHarryPotterrelatedmaterialeverofferedatauction.IllustratorThomasTaylorwasa23yearoldrecentartschoolgraduatewhenhewashiredbyBloomsburytomakeacoverillustrationforafantasychildren’sbookbythenunknownauthorJ.K.Rowling.ItwasTaylor’sfirstprofessionaltask,andherecalledbeingdirectedbyBloomsbury’seditortodepictthescene—HarryapproachingtheHogwartsExpressatKing’sCrossStation.Despitehavinglimitedfreedomforartisticexpression,Taylorfaithfullyfollowedtheinstructions.TaylorhadtheuniqueopportunitytoreadRowling’searlymanuscript(手稿)onatrain,makinghimoneoftheveryfirstindividualstodoso.Themanuscript,onlyprintedononeside,wasmissingChapter11,astheauthorwasstillmakingchanges.Despiteitsinpletestate,TaylorfoundittobeafascinatingglimpseintotheworldofHarryPotter.Taylorrevealedthatheusedtheblankundersideofeachmanuscriptpageforsketching.“AndthenIthinkIputtherestofitintherecyclingbin,”hesaid.

“OfcoursenowIreallyregretthat.”ButTaylorsaidatthebeginninghehadmixedfeelingsaboutthisearly,giantsuccess.“Normallywhenyoustartoutasanillustrator,youkindofhopethatyourfirstworkwillbeabitforgottenandthenyou’lldevelopandgetbetterandbetter,”TaylortoldTheRowlingLibrary.However,hesaidhe’sfinallymadepeacewithit—inpartbecauseofhowprizedhisHarryPotterbookcoverpaintinghasbeeatauction.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“depict”

inparagraph2probablymean?A.Discover. B.Illustrate. C.Set. D.Imagine.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutThomasTaylor?A.Hefoundthemanuscriptabsorbing.B.Hewasfamouswhengiventhetask.C.Heusedthebookpagesforsketching.D.Hehadpletefreedomofcreation.6.HowdidTaylororiginallyfeelabouthisearlysuccess?A.Joyfulbutuncertain. B.Cheerfulandexcited.C.Anxiousbutgrateful. D.Satisfiedandconfident.7.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ThomasTaylor’sMagicIllustrationsB.AnAuctionofHarryPotterIllustrationsC.TheFascinatingManuscriptofHarryPotterD.ThomasTaylor:HarryPotter’sFirstIllustratorCLichens(地衣)coverasmuchas8%oftheplanet’ssurface,anarealargerthanthatcoveredbytropicalrainforests.Theycanbefoundgrowingonbark,rocksorwalls;inwoodlands,desertsortundra.Somelichensarefamiliartotheherbalistswhofindusesthroughthe“DoctrineofSignatures”(形象学说).Forexample,speciesofLobariaareusedtotreatlungdiseasesbecauseoftheirlunglikeappearance.Lichenshavealsobeenusedfortheirchemicalponents.Lichensprovidenaturaldye(染色)stuffinmanytraditionalculturesaroundtheworld,includingthefamousHarristweedwoolensofScotland.Lichensarealsousedintheproductionofperfumes.Forexample,“oakmoss”wasusedasaponentofseveralhighqualityFrenchperfumesinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.Lichensalsoprovidemanyimportantecosystemservices.Lichenscontributetobiodiversity—theyarefoundinallbiomes.Somelichensarepioneers,sotheyareoftenthefirsttooccupynewlyexposedsurfaces.Lichensalsocontributetonutrientcycling.Insomeoldgrowthforests,lichenscontributeupto50%ofthenitrogen.Manyanimalsuselichens.Upto90%ofreindeer’swinterfoodconsistsoflichens,andotheranimalsuselichensfornestingmaterialorhidingplaces.Lichenscanalsoinformusabouttheconditionofourenvironment.Manylichensrequireveryspecificenvironmentalconditions.Forexample,presenceofcertainlichenscanbeanindicatorofclimatechange.Somelichensaresensitivetoairpollutionandwilldisappearwhenairqualityispoor.Lichensareimportantalsobecausetheyarebeautifultolookat.HowcolorfulwouldtherocksandcliffsbeintheRockyMountainswithoutthereds,yellowsandgreensofthecrustlichens?Withouttheselivingcreatures,ournaturalareaswouldlookprettyboringandalittlemorelifeless.8.Howdoestheauthorintroducelichensinparagraph1?A.Byexplainingthestandarddefinition. B.Bydescribingthegrowingprocess.C.Bystatingthewiderangeofcoverage. D.Byshowingthediversespecies.9.Whichofthefollowingfunctionsarelichensleastlikelytoperform?A.Totreatlungdisorders. B.Todyenaturalstuff.C.Tomakeperfumes. D.Toremovechemicals.10.Whyarelichensimportantforassessingenvironmentalconditions?A.Theyaresensitivetoairquality.B.Theycansurviveinextremeweather.C.Theyprovidenestingmaterialforbirds.D.Theyindicateoldgrowthconditions.11.What’sthestructureofthepassage?A.B.C. D.DTheneweskinimprovestasksrequiringaccuracy(精确)andforcecontrol,overingabigchallengeinadvancingtechnology.Unliketraditionaleskins,thisneweskinstaysaccurateevenwhenitstretches.“Muchlikehumanskinhastostretchandbendaswemove,sodoeseskin,”explainsNanshuLu,aprofessorintheCockrellSchool.ThebreakthroughliesinaninnovativehybridresponsepressuresensorthatLuandherpartnershavedevelopedoveryears.Luseesthestretchableeskinasanimportantpartofarobothandthatcanmirrorthesoftnessandsensitivityofahumanhand.Thisneweskintechnologysensespressurefromcontact,lettingtheattachedmachineknowhowmuchforcetouseto,forexample,grabacuportouchaperson.Indemonstrations,theneweskinallowedtherobothandtoadapttovarioussensitivetasks,suchasaccuratelymeasuringhumanpulse(脉搏)andpulsewaves,secu

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