Unit 4　Section Ⅲ　Discover useful structures-Past participles vs the -ing form 教案 高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

SectionⅢDiscoverusefulstructures—Pastparticiplesvsthe-ingform阅读以下短文，找出含有动词-ing和动词-ed形式的句子，并感悟其在句中所作成分。Withmanypainters，musicians，novelistsandpoetslookingattheworldinnewanddifferentways，Romanticismwasaculturalmovementfromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury.Breakingwiththeidealsofthe18thcenturywastheaimoftheRomantics:theygaveupfollowingrigidrules;instead，theyputemphasisontheimportanceofimaginationandfeeling，theloveofnatureandareturntothepast.InEngland，thegreatestachievementsoftheRomanticmovementlayinpoetry，especiallythatofWilliamWordsworth，SamuelTaylorColeridge，GeorgeGordonByronandPercyByssheShelley.Duringthattime，Englandwasundergoingaprocesscalledindustrialization.Largefactorieswerebeingbuiltandpeopleweremadetoworklonghours.Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwithwhatwashappeningintheircountryandtheywerenotalwaysinterestedintheimprovementsinscience.Instead，theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.Asaresult，celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.Thepoetsalsowroteaboutindividualfeelingsandbeliefs.Exploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature，thepoetryoftheRomanticeraisoneofthegreatesttreasuresinWesternliterature.答案1.主语：Breakingwiththeidealsofthe18thcenturywastheaimoftheRomantics......celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.2．宾语：...theygaveupfollowingrigidrules....theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.3．表语：Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwith...andtheywerenotalwaysinterestedintheimprovementsinscience.4．定语：Duringthattime，Englandwasundergoingaprocesscalledindustrialization.5．状语：Exploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature，thepoetryoftheRomanticera...6．补语：Withmanypainters，musicians，novelistsandpoetslookingattheworldinnewanddifferentways，Romanticismwasaculturalmovement...一、过去分词和动词-ing形式作表语Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.看完信后，他显得很忧虑。Whenweheardofit，weweredeeplymoved.当我们听说这件事时，我们深受感动。Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.我们对他在会上讲的话感到很惊讶。Hiswordswerediscouraging，whichmademanypeoplediscouraged.他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。Thefrightenedlookonherfacesuggestedthatshewasfrightenedbythefrighteningscene.她脸上害怕的表情表明她被这恐怖的场面吓着了。总结：表语常放在be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等系动词之后；过去分词作表语表示人或物的心情或状态等，也可理解为心情或状态受到外界影响，有“感到……”之意；动词-ing形式作表语表示人或物的自身特征，有“令人……”之意。二、过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语Usedforalongtime，thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧了。Usingthebook，Ifinditveryuseful.在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。Seenfromthetopofthemountain，thescenerywasreallyfascinating.从山顶看去，风景真迷人。Seeingthesceneryfromthetopofthemountain，Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolours.从山顶看风景，我被秋色迷住了。Followedbythestudents，theheadteacherenteredtheclassroom.被学生跟着，班主任进了教室。Followingthestudents，theheadteacherenteredtheclassroom.跟着学生，班主任进了教室。Whenhewasaskedabouthisaddress，theboydidn’trespond.＝Whenaskedabouthisaddress，theboydidn’trespond.当被问到地址的时候，这位男孩没有回答。Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm，thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.＝Thoughwarnedofthestorm，thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.尽管被警告过有暴风雨，但农民们仍然在田地里劳作。Whenyoucrossthestreet，youmustbecareful.＝Whencrossingthestreet，youmustbecareful.当过马路的时候，你务必小心。总结：1.过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语。过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，往往表示完成；动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，一般表示动作正在进行。2．过去分词和动词-ing形式通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等，为表意更明确可以在其前面加上相应的连词，如if，unless，although等。拓展：部分过去分词已经形容词化，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有lostin(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof/boredwith(厌烦了)、used/accustomedto(习惯于)等。Lost/Absorbedindeepthought，shedidn’thearthesound.由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。Dressedinanewdress，shelooksverybeautifulandelegant.穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮，很优雅。三、过去分词(短语)作表语与被动语态的区别Thecupisbroken.杯子碎了。(系表结构)ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态)总结：过去分词(短语)作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而谓语动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。Ⅰ.句型转换1．Becausehewasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords，hedidlotsofthingstohelphisclassmates.(过去分词作状语)→Greatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords，hedidlotsofthingstohelphisclassmates.2．Turneddownmanytimes，themandidn’tloseheart.(让步状语从句)→Although/Though/Whilehewasturneddownmanytimes，themandidn’tloseheart.3．WhenIlookedoutofthewindow，Isawsomestudentsplayingthere.(动词-ing形式作状语)→Lookingoutofthewindow，Isawsomestudentsplayingthere.4．IfImakemoreefforts，IwillmakemuchmoreprogressinEnglish.(动词-ing形式作状语)→Makingmoreefforts，IwillmakemuchmoreprogressinEnglish.Ⅱ.完成句子1．DelightedtolearnthatyouhavemadesomeprogressinChineselearning，Iamwritingtoinformyouofthearrangementofournextlesson.得知你在汉语学习方面取得了一些进步，我很高兴。我写信告诉你我们下节课的安排。2．Tomwasalittlenervous，loweringhishead，andcouldn’thelptrembling.汤姆感到有些紧张，他低下头，身体不禁有些发抖。3．Jackstoodsilently，tornbysorrowandanger，weighingwhattosay.杰克默默地站着，悲痛和愤怒扯着他的心，他掂量着该谈些什么。4．Iamgreatlyhonoredtodeliveraspeechhereonbehalfofmyschool.我很荣幸代表我校在此演讲。5．Thefruit-pickingactivityismeaningfulandinteresting.这次水果采摘活动既有意义又有趣。训练5DiscoveringUsefulStructures(A)(分值：72分)Ⅰ.完成句子(共8小题；每小题4分，满分32分)1．我代表我们学校，非常高兴地告诉你关于这些活动的事情。Representingourschool，Iamgladtotellyousomethingabouttheseactivities.2．我们班邀请了一位年老的工艺师来教我们如何制作中国结，旨在弘扬中国文化。OurclassinvitedanoldcraftsmantoteachushowtomakeChineseknots，aimedatpromotingtheChineseculture.3．我写这封信是为了回复招募志愿者的通知，希望我能有机会做一名导游。Iamwritinginreplytothenoticeforvolunteers，hopingthatIcan/couldhaveanopportunitytoactasaguide.4．我对服装设计非常感兴趣，因此我相信我一定会成为一名优秀的设计师的。IamquiteinterestedinclothingdesignsoIbelieveIamboundtobeanexcellentdesigner.5．我深信你会爱上剪纸，它是中国的传统艺术形式之一。Iamgreatlyconvincedthatyouwillfallinlovewithpaper-cutting，oneofChinesetraditionalartforms.6．面对如此多的困难，我决心通过巨大努力解决它们。(1)Facedwithsomanydifficulties，Iamdeterminedtosolvethemwithtremendousefforts.(befacedwith)(2)Facingsomanydifficulties，Iamdeterminedtosolvethemwithtremendousefforts.(face)7．吉姆站在电影院门口，拿着一束花和一只玩具熊。Jimstoodinfrontofthecinema，holdingabunchofflowersandateddybear.8．受到了班主任的责备，大卫情绪低落，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。Blamedbyhisheadteacher，Davidwasinlowspirits，tearsrollingdownhischeeks.Ⅱ.阅读下面短文，用所给词的正确形式填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)1．Absorbed(absorb)inScaredStepbyStep(《步步惊心》)，themost2.moving(move)serial(连续剧)recently，manypeople，includingsomeelderlypeople，watcheditlateintothenight.Intheserial，amaiden(少女)namedRuoxiwentbacktotheQingDynasty,3.involved(involve)inafiercefightofKangxi’snineprinces(九个皇子)forthethrone(皇位)．Ruoxi4.wasmoved(move)bytheeighthprince’swarmthandconcernandfellinlovewithhim.However，after5.experiencing(experience)manythings，Ruoxifoundthathertruelovewasthefourthprince(laterwasEmperorYongzheng).6.Punished(punish)forrefusingtheEmperor’sordertomarrythe13thprince，Ruoxiwassenttodohardworkinthepalacefortenyears,7.washing(wash)thousandsofclotheseveryday.8.Realizing(realize)Ruoxi’sloveforhim，EmperorYongzhengsworethathewouldloveRuoxiforever.However，Ruoxidiedseveralyearslater,9.making(make)Yongzhengverysad.Intheendoftheserial，Ruoxicamebacktothemoderntimes.10.Entering(enter)amuseum，shefoundherselfpaintedinapicture.Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)Sleepertrainsoccupyaromanticcornerofanytraveler’ssoul.OneofHerculePoirot’smostfascinatingadventurestakesplaceontheSimplonOrientExpress，whichusedtorunfromParistoIstanbul.AfamoussceneinAlfredHitchcock’s“NorthbyNorthwest”featuresanighttrainenteringatunnel.JamesBond，meanwhile，detectsaspyonasleepertrainafternoticinghimbehavesuspiciouslyinthediningcar.Insomepartsoftheworld，thenostalgia(怀旧)liveson.TheCaledonianSleeper，completewithsmartlydressedwaiters，neepsandtatties(白萝卜泥和土豆泥)andaselectionofwhiskies，isthebestwaytotravelbetweenLondonandScotland.Elsewhere，however，sleepersareontheirlastlegs.FlightsacrossEuropehavebecomesocheapthatfewerandfewertravelersbotherwithsleepertrains.Sensingthattheendisapproaching，AndrewMartin，aBritishwriter，haswrittenabookaboutthesleeper.NightTrains：TheRiseandFalloftheSleeperisabriefhistoryofthemode，combinedwithaccountsofjourneysMrMartinhastakenonsleeperroutesacrossEurope.ThereaderjoinshimonatraintoMunich，whereheeatsatunasandwichonboard.TravellingfromParistoVenice，hethinkshehasbeenrobbedof€105.TheservicetoNiceiscancelled，yetsuchishisloveforsleepingaboardthathespendsthenightonthetrainasitsitsontheplatform.Thesestoriesmakeitclearthatthegoldenageofthesleepertrainislongpast.Howdifferentthingswereinthe19thcentury，whenapassengerontheOrientExpresscoulddineondelicaciesandgoodwines.Theonlymodern-daysleepertrainwhichcomesuptotheMrMartin’sexactingstandardsistheNordland，whichtravelstowardsnorthernNorway.Thosewhohavenoexperienceofthesleepertrainsoftenasksleeperenthusiasts，“Doyousleep？”AfterareadofMrMartin’sbook，theanswerwouldseemtobeadefinite“no”：thenoiseofthetrainwakeshimuptimeandagain.Still，itishardnottobewonoverbyhisenthusiasm.Catchthesleepertrain，beforeit’stoolate.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了AndrewMartin所写的一本关于欧洲夜间卧铺火车的书。1．Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2?A．Sleepertrainsarethelastmeansoftransportationfortravelers.B．Travelerstendtofallasleeptowardtheendoftheirtrip.C．Travelersaretooexhaustedtowalkanylonger.D．Sleepertrainsarebecomingoutoffashion.答案D解析句意理解题。根据画线句子后面“FlightsacrossEuropehavebecomesocheapthatfewerandfewertravelersbotherwithsleepertrains.Sensingthattheendisapproaching...”可知，卧铺火车即将过时。故选D。2．WhatmightreadersgetafterreadingthebookNightTrains：TheRiseandFalloftheSleeper?A．TheymayenjoythesceneryontheirjourneyfromLondontoScotland.B．TheycanhavetheopportunitytotravelonthebesttraininEurope.C．Theymayhaveabasicunderstandingofthehistoryofsleepertrains.D．Theymaygetalltheanswerstotheirquestionsaboutthesleepertrains.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“NightTrains：TheRiseandFalloftheSleeperisabriefhistoryofthemode，combinedwithaccountsofjourneysMrMartinhastakenonsleeperroutesacrossEurope.”可知，这本书涉及卧铺火车的历史并介绍了其作者乘坐卧铺火车游历欧洲的经历。由此可知，阅读之后读者可以对卧铺火车的历史有一个基本的了解。故选C。3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Thenoiseofthetrainmakesitimpossiblefortravelerstosleep.B．Readersmaybediscouragedfromridingonsleepertrains.C．Thewriterofthepassagesuggestsnotspendingnightsaboard.D．Forenthusiasts，theloveforsleepersoutweighstheinconveniencecaused.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“...thenoiseofthetrainwakeshimuptimeandagain.Still，itishardnottobewonoverbyhisenthusiasm.Catchthesleepertrain，beforeit’stoolate.”可以推断，卧铺车爱好者即使面对不便，也依然喜欢乘坐卧铺火车。故选D。4．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Tointroducereaderstoanewbookaboutsleepertrains.B．Tocomparetheadvantagesofsleepertrainsindifferentperiods.C．Toinformthereadersoftheriseandfallofsleepertrains.D．Torecallreaders’memoryofanold-fashionedmeansoftransportation.答案A解析写作意图题。根据第二段的“AndrewMartin，aBritishwriter，haswrittenabookaboutthesleeper”，第三段的“NightTrains：TheRiseandFalloftheSleeperisabriefhistoryofthemode，combinedwithaccountsofjourneysMrMartinhastakenonsleeperroutesacrossEurope.”以及最后一段的“AfterareadofMrMartin’sbook”可知，作者的目的是向读者介绍一本关于卧铺火车的新书。故选A。Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Peoplevisitothercountriesfor1.(vary)reasons.Sometravelonbusiness；otherstraveltovisitinterestingplaces2.areonlyfoundinothercountries，suchastheTajMahalinIndia，theArcdeTriompheinParis，orthepyramidsinEgypt.3.(safe)．Atouristcanattractalotofattentionfromlocalpeople.Whilemostpeopleyou’llmeetwhentravelling4.(be)suretobefriendlyandwelcoming，thereare5.(danger)—theftbeingthemostcommon.Justasinyourhomecountry，donotexpecteveryoneyoumeettobefriendlyandhelpful.Itisimportanttoprepareforyourtripinadvanceand6.(be)cautiouswhileyoutravel.Asyouprepare7.yourtrip，makesureyouhavetherightpaperwork.Youdon’twanttogettoyourdestinationonlytofindyouhavethewrongvisa，orworse.Also，makesureyoutravelwithpropermedicalinsurance，sothatifyou8.(injure)orsickduringyourtravel，youwillbeabletoget9.(treat)．Ifyouwanttodrivewhileyouareabroad，makesureyouhave10.internationaldriver’slicence.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们旅行时的注意事项。)1．答案various/varied解析考查词性转换。修饰名词reasons用形容词，故填所给词的形容词形式。2．答案that/which解析考查定语从句。分析句子可知空格所在的部分是定语从句，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词，先行词是places，指物，故填that/which。3．答案safety解析考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词your后接名词。4．答案are解析考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知空格处是从句的谓语动词，其主语是mostpeople，根据上下文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时。5．答案dangers解析考查名词复数。therebe句型符合“就近原则”，由are可知此空填名词复数，danger当“危险的人或物”讲时是可数名词。6．答案tobe解析考查非谓语动词。此处考查“Itisimportanttodosth”这一结构，其中It是形式主语，不定式todo是真正的主语。7．答案for解析考查介词。preparefor是固定短语，意为“为……做准备”。8．答案areinjured解析考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知空格处是句子的谓语，you和injure之间是被动关系，根据上下文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为you，be动词用are。9．答案treated/treatment解析考查过去分词作表语/名词作宾语。若get用作系动词，此空填过去分词treated，表被动；若get用作实义动词，则填名词treatment作宾语。10．答案an解析考查冠词。空格后是名词，根据语境可知此处指“一个”国际驾照，故填不定冠词，international的首字母发音以元音音素开头，故填an。训练6DiscoveringUsefulStructures(B)(分值：35分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)ASaraHinesley，whois10，doesn’tunderstandwhyitissoremarkablethatshewonanationalhandwritingcompetition.Sara，athird-gradestudentatSt.JohnRegionalCatholieSchoolinFrederick，Maryland，wontheNicholasMaximAwardforhercursive(草写体的)handwriting.Shepaintsanddraws，andsculptsclay.ShecanwriteinEnglishandsomeChinese.Whenshelearnttowriteincursivethisyear，Sarasaid，shethoughtitwas“kindofeasy”．ThisisalldespitethefactthatSarawasbornwithouthands.Towrite，Saraholdsherpencilbetweenherarmsandthenfocusesontheshapesofletters，eachpointandcurve.“Writingincursivefeelslikecreatingartwork，”Sarasaid.“Ilikethewaythelettersareformed.It’skindofart.”Sarahasneverwornaprosthesis(artificialarm)，andwhensheisofferedhelporatoolthatmighteasesometasks—suchascuttingpaperwithscissors—sherejectsit，saidhermother，CathrynHinesley.Shehasthisindependenttrendwhereshejustknowsthatshecandoitandshe’llfigureoutherownway.Sheisbeautifulandstrongandmightyjustthewaysheis，andshejustlivesthatway.Shereallydoes.Shemovesthroughlifeinthiswaythatyouneverreallyseeherashavingadisabilitybecauseshehasa“can-do，I-can-solve-anythingattitude”．“Saraisanevidenceofstrongwillandthehumanspirit，”Cathrynsaid.“EverydayIamamazedatthethingssheiscapabletodoandthatshechoosestodo.Shedoesn’tattempttofindherwaytoavoidadifficulty.Shefindsawaytofinishthetask.”Sarareceivedhernationalaward—amedal—atanawardceremonyonJune13，whereshewasalsogivena$500prize.SheisthefirststudentfromSt.John’stoeverreceivetheNicholasMaximAward.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了生来没有双手的Sara赢得了一项国家书法比赛的奖项。1．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstsentence?A．Saramadeeveryefforttowintheaward.B．Saraconsidersiteasytowintheaward.C．Saradoesn’ttaketheawardseriously.D．Saraisexcitedatwinningtheaward.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段“SaraHinesley，whois10，doesn’tunderstandwhyitissoremarkablethatshewonanationalhandwritingcompetition.”可知，Sara并没有认为获奖很重要，即她没有非常看重这个奖项。故选C。2．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeSara?A．Brave. B．Intelligent.C．Generous. D．Strong-minded.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段中“Sheisbeautifulandstrongandmightyjustthewaysheis...youneverreallyseeherashavingadisabilitybecauseshehasa‘can-do，I-can-solve-anythingattitude’．”可知，Sara是一个意志坚定的孩子。故选D。3．WhatisimpliedinCathryn’swords?A．SheexpectsSaratobeindependent.B．SheisgreatlyproudofSara.C．Shedoesn’tthinkSarahasadisability.D．SheisconcernedaboutSara’sfuture.答案B解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“EverydayIamamazedatthethingssheiscapabletodoandthatshechoosestodo...Shefindsawaytofinishthetask.”可知，Sara的妈妈对女儿的能力和选择感到很惊讶，而且女儿从不躲避困难，而是选择找到完成任务的方法，由此可知她为自己的女儿感到骄傲。故选B。4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Health. B．Education.C．Science. D．Entertainment.答案B解析文章出处题。通读全文尤其根据前两段可知，文章讲述的是10岁的Sara赢得了一项国家书法比赛的奖项，尽管Sara出生时没有手，但她能够用她的双臂拿起铅笔并写出优美的字体，以独立、坚强和乐观的态度生活，故推断这篇文章很有可能出现在报纸的教育版块。故选B。BWeareallawareofthedamagingpollutionthat’screatedbydrivingpetrolanddiesel(柴油)vehicles.Manyoftheworld’scitiesareblockedwithtraffic，creatingfumescontaininggasessuchasnitrogenoxides.Thesolutiontoacleaner，greenerfuturecouldbeelectricvehicles.Buthowoptimisticshouldwebe?TherewasmuchexcitementlastyearwhentheUKgovernmentannounceditwillbanthesaleofnewpetrolanddieselcarsfrom2030.Butisthateasiersaidthandone?Theroadtoglobaltrafficbeingtotallyelectricisstillalongwayoff.Currently，batterylifeisanissue—afullychargedbatterywon’ttakeyouasfarasafulltankofpetrol.Therearealsolimitednumbersofchargingpointstopluganelectricvehicleinto.Ofcourse，technologyisalwaysimproving.Someofthebiggesttechcompanies，likeGoogleandTesla，arespendinghugeamountsofmoneydevelopingelectriccars.Andmostofthebigcarmanufacturersarenowmakingthemtoo.ColinHerron，aconsultantonlow-carbonvehicletechnology，toldtheBBC，“Thebigleapforwardwillcomewithsolid-statebatteries，whichwillappearfirstinmobilephonesandlaptopsbeforetheyprogresstocars.”Thesewillchargemorequicklyandgivecarsabiggerrange.Costisanotherissuethatmaydiscouragepeopleswitchingtoelectricpower.Butsomecountriesofferincentive，suchascuttingpricesbyreducingimporttaxes，andnotchargingforroadtaxandparking.Somealsoprovideexclusivelanesforelectriccarstobedrivenon，overtakingtraditionalcarswhichmightbestuckinjams.ThesekindsofmeasureshavemadeNorwaythecountrywiththemostelectriccarspercapita(人均)atmorethanthirtyelectriccarsper1,000inhabitants.ButColinHerronwarnsthat“electricmotoring”doesn’tmeanazero-carbonfuture.“It’semission-freemotoring，butthecarhastobebuilt，thebatteryhastobebuilt，andtheelectricitydoescomefromsomewhere.”Maybeit’stimetothinkaboutmakingfewerjourneysorusingpublictransport.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。5．Whatcanweinferfromthequestionattheendofparagraph1?A．Itisnoteasytoobtainagreenerfuturebymeansofelectricvehicles.B．Electricvehiclesmaynotsolvethetrafficproblems.C．Weshouldnotbetoooptimisticaboutthefuture.D．It’snotagoodideatoreplacepetrolvehicleswithelectricones.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Butisthateasiersaidthandone？”可知，第一段提出疑问：英国宣布从2030年开始禁止销售新型汽油和柴油汽车，这说起来容易做起来难吗？第二段第一句“Theroadtoglobaltrafficbeingtotallyelectricisstillalongwayoff.”指出实现全球交通完全电动化还有很长的路要走。由此可推测出，作者在第一段最后提出疑问是想说明用电动汽车来实现环保并不容易。故选A。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”meaninparagraph2?A．Permission. B．Encouragement.C．Admission. D．Insistence.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“Costisanotherissuethatmaydiscouragepeopleswitchingtoelectricpower.”和画线词后的“suchascuttingpricesbyreducingimporttaxes，and...”可知，画线词后的举例是对incentive的进一步说明，即通过降低进口税以及不收取道路税和停车费来降价，这些有助于降低购买和使用成本，有助于激励人们购买电动汽车，故incentive意为“激励措施”。故选B。7．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．Electricmotoringwillcreateazero-carbonfuture.B．Puttingsolid-statebatteriesinelectriccarsfirstwillbea“greatleapforward”．C．Therearefourobstaclesontheroadtoglobaltrafficbeingtotallyelectric.D．Electriccarsmightnotgetstuckintrafficjamsinthefuture.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Somealsoprovideexclusivelanesforelectriccarstobedrivenon，overtakingtraditionalcarswhichmightbestuckinjams.”可知，电动汽车会有专用车道，这说明电动汽车在未来可能不会陷入交通堵塞。故选D。8．Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．ElectricPowerorPetrol：AToughDecisiontoMakeB．ElectricVehicles：ARoadtoaGreenerFutureC．TotalElectricTraffic：ALongWaytoGoD．PetrolandDieselVehicles：AMainSourceofGases答案C解析标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Theroadtoglobaltrafficbeingtotallyelectricisstillalongwayoff.”可知，文章主要讲了电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。故选C。Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)WemusthavebeenabouthalfwaythroughourtripandwearrivedinRome，thecapitalcityofItaly.Onthisparticularlyhotdayafter1manywindingbeautifulstreets，weendedupatSt.Peter’sBasilica.Ourtourguidejokinglysaidhehadforgottenthe2backtothehotelandaskedifanyoneknewhowto3tothehotel.Noneofusdid，butthenJulie，anAmericangirl，confidentlyput，“Ican4it.”Weallthoughtshewasjokingtoo，forJuliewasnearly5.Butshesaid，“No.Seriously，Icantakeusallback.”Ourteam6herassheledusthroughthewindingstreets.Someoneasked，“Howcanyou7rememberthewaywe8？”Sheanswered，“Ijustknow.Feelhowbeautifulandcooltheairis.Wearebythefountain.Thisiswhereweturnedleft.”Wecontinued.“I’m9freshlybakedbread，”shesaid.“Weturnedrightbythis10andthisisthecaféwepassedby.I’verecognizedthe11ofthatcoffeemachine.Itis12totrustme.”Sureenough，everyturnhadthethingswehadn’t13before.Thosethingsrevealedthemselveslikehiddendiamonds.Wediscoveredmoreandmoreaboutthe14ofthiscity.Finally，wemadeourwaytothehotel.WhatstruckmemostwashowJuliemadeusallseearichand15citythroughhereyes.Itmademeexperiencetravelinatotallynewway.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一行人去罗马游玩时跟着一个近乎失明的女孩回酒店，在路上，他们发现了很多之前没有注意到的东西，这种全新的旅行体验让他们看到了一个丰富而充满活力的城市。1．A.reaching B．exploringC．searching D．finding答案B解析reach达到；explore探索；search搜索。根据上文“WemusthavebeenabouthalfwaythroughourtripandwearrivedinRome，