高中英语北师大版选择性必修三UNIT 9 Period 7　Focus on Language-The Perfect Phrasal Verbs

Period7FocusonLanguage—ThePerfect&PhrasalVerbs(2)Ⅰ.感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1．Naturalcloninghasbeengoingonforgenerations.2．Forexample，gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitinasuitablemedium，suchassoil.3．Foryears，therehadbeenattemptstocloneanimalsartificially.4．However，theyhavefoundasimilarpatternofhealthproblemswiththeseotherspeciesaswell.5．Dr.SunQiang，directoroftheresearchteam，saidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearchandhadbeentakingcareofmorethan1,000monkeys24hoursaday,7daysaweekformorethan5years.1．句1和2使用的时态是现在完成进行时。结构为have/hasbeendoing。句1时间状语为forgenerations。2．句3和5的前半句使用的时态是过去完成时。结构为haddone。句3时间状语为foryears，句5时间状语为formorethan5years。3．句4使用的时态是现在完成时。结构为have/hasdone。4．句5的后半句使用的时态是过去完成进行时。结构为hadbeendoing。Ⅱ.感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1．Familieswhohadonlyjustgotthroughthewarnowhadtoburytheirlovedoneswhohaddiedofthedisease.2．Infectionrateswentupsteadily，andinthecourseoftheoutbreak...3．SincetheendoftheSARSepidemic，scientistshavebeendoingtrialsontreatmentstopreventanyfutureoutbreaks.4．...governmentsworldwidehaveunderlinedthefactthattheywantthoroughandsystematicmedicalresearchonepidemicstogetatthecausesandcomeupwithcuresassoonaspossible.5．Dr.SunQiang，directoroftheresearchteam，saidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearchand...以上黑体部分均为动词短语。其中句1的短语构成为vi.＋prep.句2的短语构成为vi.＋adv.句3的短语构成为vt.＋宾语＋prep.句4的短语构成为vi.＋adv.＋prep.句5的短语构成为be＋adj./vt.-ed＋prep.一、完成时态完成时态包括以下几种时态：(一)现在完成时1．现在完成时的构成为have/has＋done，表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与uptonow，sofar，already，just，yet，recently，inthepast/lastfewyears，since，eversince等表示时间的词连用。Inthepastfewyears，greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthisdistrict.在过去的几年里，这片地区发生了巨大的变化。IthasbeentwentyyearssinceIworkedasajournalist.自从我当记者已经有二十年了。2．下列情况下常用现在完成时：(1)This/That/Itisthefirst/second/...timethat＋现在完成时Thisisthefirsttimethatwehaveseenadramainthetheatre.这是我们第一次在剧院看戏剧。(2)It/Thisisthebest/worst/most＋adj.＋名词＋定语从句(现在完成时)Thisisthemostabsorbingnovelhehaseverwritten.这是他写的最引人入胜的一部小说。(二)现在完成进行时现在完成进行时的构成为have/has＋been＋doing，表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，与之连用的时间状语有uptonow，sofar，recently，inthepast/lastfewyears，since，eversince等。可以表示重复性动作或某种感情色彩。Theyoungmanhasbeenwanderingonthebeachofthebayfor3hours.这个年轻人已经在海湾的海滩上徘徊3个小时了。(应用文写作之申请信)IhavebeenpracticingoralEnglishinthelast3monthswiththepurposeofcommunicatingwithforeignersfreely.我在过去的3个月里一直在练习英语口语，目的是与外国人自由交流。注意：现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时表示动作发生过。现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。Someonehasphonedyou.有人给你打电话了。Someonehasbeenphoningyou.有人一直在给你打电话。(三)过去完成时1．过去完成时的构成为had＋done，表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before，after，by，uptill)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。ThescholarandIbecamefriendsin2000，althoughwehadmetseveralyearsbefore.这位学者和我在2000年成了朋友，尽管在几年前我们就见过面。2．动词hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。Ihadintendedtocallonyou，butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。3．在“hardly(scarcely)．..when...，nosooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一……就……”。Hardlyhadthespecialistfinishedhislecturewhentheaudiencebeganaskinghimquestions.专家刚一结束他的讲座，观众就开始向他提问。4．by，bytheendof，bythetime，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句时，主句用过去完成时。BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland，hissonhadgraduatedfromcollege.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。5．表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenthevalefullofgoldendaffodils.那是她第二次看到这个长满金色水仙花的山谷。(四)过去完成进行时过去完成进行时的构成为had＋been＋doing，主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作或表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间，这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。WhenAlicecametoherself，shedidnotknowhowlongshehadbeenlyingthere.当艾丽丝醒过来的时候，她不知道自己已在那儿躺了多久。(表示lie这一动作先于cametoherself发生，且lie这一动作还在进行)ShetoldmethatshehadbeenstudyingFrenchfor5years.她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(五)将来完成时将来完成时的构成为will＋have＋done，用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与“before＋将来时间”或“by＋将来时间”连用，也可与before或bythetime引导的现在时的从句连用。Pickmeupat8am，andIwillhavehadbreakfastbythen.早上8点钟来接我，到时我已经吃完早饭了。Thetrainwillhaveleftbeforeyouarriveatthestationifyougetupat6∶00am.如果你早上6点起床，你到达车站之前火车就已经离开了。二、短语动词(一)定义由两个或三个词组成的短语，第一个是动词，第二个是副词或介词，或者副词后面再跟介词，然后再跟宾语，这种词组就叫短语动词(PhrasalVerbs)。短语动词又叫多词动词(multiple-wordverbs)。(二)短语动词的类型1．vt./vi.＋prep.(及物动词/不及物动词＋介词)listento听，lookat看，lookafter照顾，lookfor寻找，hearof听说，askfor要求，请求，thinkof/about考虑，思考Ishookmyhead，lookingatthepaperindisbelief.我摇了摇头，难以置信地看着那张报纸。Idohopeyoucanthinkaboutmysuggestionscarefully.我真的希望你能仔细考虑我的建议。Iamwritingtoaskforyourvaluableadviceaboutmydramaperformance.我写信征求你对我的戏剧表演的宝贵建议。2．vt./vi.＋adv.(及物动词/不及物动词＋副词)turnoff关掉，turnon打开，workout解决，putforward提出，putoff推迟，findout找到，giveup放弃，calloff取消Threehourslater，hestillcouldn’tworkouttheproblem，sohehadtogiveup.3个小时后，他仍然无法解决这个问题，所以他不得不放弃。ThescholarputforwardtheproposalthatweshouldputoffthecollegeentranceexaminationtillJuly.学者提出了一个建议，即我们应该把高考推迟到7月份。Makesurethatyouhaveturnedoffthelightsbeforeleavingthelab.在离开实验室前，确保你已经关掉了灯。3．vt./vi.＋adv.＋prep.(及物动词/不及物动词＋副词＋介词)getawaywith做……而不受惩罚，breakawayfrom放弃，脱离，fitinwith适应，putupwith忍受，runoutof用完，lookforwardto盼望，getdownto开始认真处理Mustweputupwiththeincreasinglyseriouspollution?Shouldwehavesomefactoriesgettingawaywithdamagingtheenvironment?Isn’tittimetogetdowntodealingwiththeproblem?Iamlookingforwardtoseeingclearersky，cleanerriversandgreenermountains.我们必须忍受日益严重的污染吗？我们能坐视一些工厂破坏环境而不受惩罚吗？难道不是时候着手处理这个问题了吗？我期待看到更明朗的天，更清的河和更绿的山。4．vt.＋n.＋prep.(及物动词＋名词＋介词)makefriendswith和……交朋友，makeuseof利用，makefunof取笑，takepartin参加，shakehandswith和……握手，keeppacewith保持同步Innocaseshouldwemakefunofpeoplewithdisabilities.在任何情况下，我们都不应取笑残疾人。Nowadays，wemustupdateourskillsconstantlytokeeppacewiththedevelopingsociety.如今，我们必须不断更新我们的技能，以跟上社会发展的步伐。5．be＋adj.(v.-ed)＋prep.(be＋形容词/过去分词＋介词，相当于一个及物动词)beafraidof害怕，beangrywith生气，beawareof意识到，bebusywith忙于，becertainof确信，belatefor迟到，beinterestedin对……感兴趣，besatisfiedwith对……满意，beexcitedat对……感到兴奋，betiredof厌烦，beworriedabout担心，beboredwith厌倦，感到无聊Luckily，manyofushavebeenawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.幸运的是，我们很多人已经意识到了环境保护的重要性。IamnotsatisfiedwiththepurchaseandIwantmymoneyback.我对这次购物不满意，所以我想退款。Myfatherisinterestedinpoetryandthesedaysheisbusywithapoetryrecitationcompetition.我爸爸对诗歌很感兴趣，这些天他忙于一场诗歌朗诵比赛。(三)常见的动词短语go短语goabout着手做；(谣言等)流传；从事goagainst反对；不利于；违背goahead前进，继续；干吧goby经过，过去；流逝goinfor喜欢；参加；赞成；从事goover温习；检查；反复研究gothrough审查；通过；经历；忍受；完成(艰难的事)goup上升，上涨；建造gowithout无须，没有……也行get短语geton/along(well)with进展/相处/身体状况(良好)getacross把……讲清楚；(使)被理解getaway离开；休假getdown记下，写下；使沮丧getover克服；恢复getdownto(doing)sth开始认真处理/对待某事getat不断指责；到达；了解；查明come短语comeabout发生comeacross偶然发现，遇到；被理解；给人以……的印象comedown跌落；崩塌；降低；染病cometo恢复常态；共计；达到comeup走近；上来；发芽；发生comeupwith提出；想出comeout出版；产生；开花break短语breakawayfrom脱离；逃离；甩掉breakdown消除，瓦解；出故障；垮掉；失声痛哭breakinto闯入；强行进入；突然开始(哭、笑、跑)breakout爆发，突然发生breakthrough突破，冲破breakup解散；结束bring短语bringabout导致，引起bringback送回；使回忆；使恢复bringdown使下降，降低；击败bringout使显现；出版；生产bringup抚养，培养；提出；呕吐bringin挣；引入；让……参与give短语giveaway赠送；错失(优势)；泄露giveback归还；使恢复givein屈服，让步，投降；上交giveoff发出(烟，气味等)giveout分发，公布，发出；筋疲力尽；用完giveup放弃；停止givewayto让步，退却；屈服于look短语lookaround东张西望，环视；参观；搜寻lookbackon/upon回顾……lookdownon/upon俯视；轻视，看不起lookforwardto盼望；期待lookinto调查，审查lookon/upon...as...把……看作……lookout向外看；注意；当心，提防lookthrough透过……看去；浏览，快速查看lookup查阅；抬头看；好转；拜访lookupto仰慕；尊敬语法填空IamDr.Frank，anexpertinUFOs.I1.havebeenobserving(observe)alienssince1963whenIwasalittleboy.ThefirsttimewassofrighteningthattheytriedtospeakwhatIwassayingandwantedtomakefriends2.withme.Sincethen，wehavebeentalkingwitheachotherbyspecialdevice.I3.havetaken(take)manypictureswithalienssofarbecausetheyvisittheEarthfromtime4.totime.RecentlyI5.haveseen(see)anunusualnumberofUFOsandIhavebeentryingtocontactthem.IfIgetsomeinformation，Iwillimmediatelyreporttothepolice.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Peoplehavebeenpouring(pour)intostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.2．Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreported(report)intheUSA，comparedwith189foralloflastyear.3．Languageshavebeencoming(come)andgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.4．WhenWashingtonwrotethat，Englishmenhadbeenreferring(refer)toinsectsasbugsformorethanacentury.5．Thechiefengineertogetherwithhiscolleagueshasbeenlooking(look)fornewscientificmethodsoffarmingsincefiveyearsago.6．Itwasreallyannoying;Icouldn’tgetaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended(recommend)．7．Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.8．YesterdayIcameacrossanoldfriendinthehospital.Iaskedhimhowitcameaboutthathefellill.Hesaidhehadbeenstayinguplatetowriteabook.Finallythebookcameout，buthecamedown.9．Tomcouldn’tgetonwellwithhislessonswhenhefirstcametotheschool.Whattheteachersaiddidn’tgetacrosstohim.Hisfathertoldhimtogetdownwhattheteachersaidandhegotoverthedifficultiesatlast.10．Georgeisgoingthroughahardtime.HealwaysgoesinforE-sports，whichgoesagainsthisparents’will.Hisparentsaremoregladtoseehimgoingoverhislessons.Ⅱ.单句写作1．医生们已经发现了几种这种病毒的变体。Doctorshavediscoveredseveralvariationsofthevirus.2．我喜欢跳舞，多年来我一直在业余时间上舞蹈课。IlikedancingandIhavebeentakingdancinglessonsinmysparetimeformanyyears.3．事实上，在你道歉之前，你的父母已经原谅了你的错误。Infact，yourparentshadforgivenyouforyourmistakesbeforeyouapologized.4．在我回来之前，我的父母一直在激动地争论着什么。MyparentshadbeenarguingaboutsomethingemotionallybeforeIcameback.5．到这学期结束时，我们将学会大约3000个英语单词。Bytheendofthisterm，wewillhavelearnedabout3,000Englishwords.Ⅲ.阅读理解Forgenerations，depressionhasbeenseenasanillness，disorderorevenweakness.Suchanideamakessensebecausedepressioncausessufferingandevendeath.Butwhatifwe’vegotitallwrong?Thecommonwisdomisthatdepressionstartsinthemindwithabnormalthinking.Thatleadstosymptomslikeheadaches，stomachaches，ortiredness.Now，modelslikethePolyvagalTheorysuggestthatwe’vegotitbackward.It’sthebodythatdetectsdangerandinitiatesadefensestrategymeanttohelpussurvive.Thatbiologicalstrategyiscalledimmobilization，anditdemonstratesinthemindandthebodywithasetofsymptomswecalldepression.Whenwethinkofdepressionasunnecessarysuffering，wearetellingpeoplewithdepressionthattheyarenotpartofthegroup，theyarenotrightandtheydon’tbelong.Thatrobsthemofhope.Butwhenwebegintounderstandthatdepression，atleastinitially，happensforagoodreasonwelifttheshame.Instead，peoplewithdepressionarecourageoussurvivors，notdamagedsickpeople.Theautonomicnervoussystem(ANS)isconstantlyscanningourinternalandexternalenvironmentforsignsofdanger.IfourANSdetectsathreatorevenasimplelackofsafety，itsnextstrategyisthefightorflightresponse，whichweoftenfeelasanxiety.Sometimesthethreatissobadorgoesonforsolong，thatthenervoussystemdecidesthereisnowaytofightortoflee.Atthatpoint，thereisonlyoneoptionleft:immobilization.Theimmobilizationresponseistheoriginalbiologicaldefenseinhigheranimals.Itdullspainandmakesusfeeldisconnected.Thinkofsomereptiles(爬行动物)，whichshutdowntheirbodiestoavoidcoldtemperaturesandthelackoffoodandwater.Inhumans，peopleoftendescribefeeling“outoftheirbodies”duringextremelyunpleasantevents，whichhasadefensiveeffectofreducingtheemotionalshock.Thisisimportantbecausesomethingsaresoterrible，wedon’twantpeopletobefullypresentwhentheyhappen.Whatincrediblecapacityofourbiologytofindawayinhardtimes!语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了抑郁症并非如大多人所想的那样是给人带来痛苦的，相反它是一种自我保护机制。1．WhydoestheauthormentionthePolyvagalTheory?A．Toofferastandardforidentifyingdepression.B．Toraisepeople’sawarenessofmentalproblems.C．Tomakesenseofhowdepressionaffectspeople.D．Tocorrectacommonlyheldideaaboutdepression.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Now，modelslikethePolyvagalTheorysuggestthatwe’vegotitbackward.”可知，这个理论证明我们将抑郁症理解反了，所以这个理论是用来纠正我们对抑郁症的既有观点。故选D。2．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A．Depressioncanbringpeopleincrisishope.B．Peoplemayfeelitwrongtohavedepression.C．Depressionisanunnecessaryhumanemotion.D．Peopleoftenfeelproudoffightingdepression.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，当我们认为抑郁症是不必要的痛苦时，我们是在告诉抑郁症患者，他们不属于这个群体，他们是不对的。这剥夺了他们的希望。这是人们对抑郁症通常的看法，所以人们往往会认为得抑郁症是一件不好的事情，故选B。3．Whatis“immobilization”inthetext?A．Buildingupanxiety.B．Risingtochallenges.C．Shuttingdownaction.D．Pullingthroughacrisis.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二、三句“Itdullspainandmakesusfeeldisconnected.Thinkofsomereptiles(爬行动物)，whichshutdowntheirbodiestoavoidcoldtemperaturesandthelackoffoodandwater.”可推知，immobilization这个词的大概意思就是减少活动，减少与周围人的接触，故选C。4．Inwhichorderdoesourbodyreacttoanextremelyunpleasantsituation?①seektoworkoutsolutions②becomeawareofathreat③experienceemotionalshock④startdefensivedisconnectionA．②③④① B．④②①③C．②①③④ D．④①②③答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，如果我们的ANS检测到威胁，它的下一个策略就是战斗或逃跑反应，即试图找出解决方法，故②①符合。根据第五段中“Inhumans，peopleoftendescribefeeling‘outoftheirbodies’duringextremelyunpleasantevents，whichhasadefensiveeffectofreducingtheemotionalshock.”可知，最后一步是④防御。故选C。Ⅳ.完形填空10-year-oldSashaOlsenwentonatripinthesummerof2021withherfamilytoVietnamandJapan.Shewasshockedattheocean’spollutionlevelsanddyingseaanimals.“WewentonthistripandIwasso1，”saidSasha.“ButwhenIsawthewaytheoceanshadbecome，Igotupset.Iwantedtoknowwhythingswerethiswaybutcouldn’tfindan2.”WhenshereturnedhometoBalHarbour，Florida，shegrewevenmore3.Shelearnedsomeofthe4inSouthFloridahadbeenclosedbythehealthdepartmentbecausethe5hadtoomuchbacteria(细菌)init.Sashasoughtthe6ofhercousin，NarminaAliyev.Together，they7anonprofitorganization—Iwantmyoceanback.8thegroupstartedsmall，withfriendsjoiningtogetheronweekendsto9thebeachesinBalHarbour.Recently，however，shehas10eventstoraisefundsforbeachcleanupsandto11toprotectiongroups.“It’s12tobringawarenessnotjustthroughdoingcleanupsandmeetings，buttoshowpeopletheycancometogetherthroughtheirhobbiesand13togethertoacommongoal，”saidSasha.Sashahopesto14theirworktoneighboringcities.“Wereallywanttomakeourselvesvisibleand15toall，”saidSasha.“Afterall，inMiamitheoceaniseveryone’sbackyard.Thisisthebestplacetostart.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，介绍的是小女孩SashaOlsen在一次旅行经历中注意到海洋污染问题，于是与表姐共同建立了一个非营利组织清理海滩，并组织活动提高人们的环保意识。1．A.tired B．depressedC．excited D．disappointed答案C解析根据下文“ButwhenIsawthewaytheoceanshadbecome，Igotupset.”中的But可知，此空与upset相反，故应为“兴奋的”。故选C。2．A.answer B．approachC．opportunity D．opinion答案A解析根据上文“Iwantedtoknowwhythingswerethisway”中的why可知，此处应该是找不到这个问题的“答案”。故选A。3．A.absorbed B．upsetC．embarrassed D．confused答案B解析根据上文中的“ButwhenIsawthewaytheoceanshadbecome，Igotupset.”和下文以及空前的“evenmore”可知，此处指的是更加“沮丧”。故选B。4．A.organizations B．oceansC．animals D．beaches答案D解析根据下文中的“withfriendsjoiningtogetheronweekendstothebeachesinBalHarbour”可知，此处指的是一些“沙滩”被关闭了。故选D。5．A.trip B．cityC．water D．people答案C解析根据前文的“ocean’spollutionlevels”和下文“hadtoomuchbacteria(细菌)init”可知，此处指的是“水”中有太多细菌。故选C。6．A.help B．suggestionC．praise D．comfort答案A解析结合语境和句意可知，此处指的是Sasha寻求她的表姐的“帮助”。故选A。7．A.pickedup B．tookupC．setup D．gotup答案C解析根据下文中的“anonprofitorganization—Iwantmyoceanback”可知，此处指的是“成立”一个非营利性组织。故选C。8．A.Fortunately B．OriginallyC．Consequently D．Temporarily答案B解析根据下文“thegroupstartedsmall”可推断，“起初”该组织规模比较小。故选B。9．A.research B．pickC．explore D．clean答案D解析根据下文中的“notjustthroughdoingcleanups”可知，这个组织在周末会去“清理”沙滩。故选D。10．A.held B．boughtC．recorded D．witnessed答案A解析根据下文“eventstoraisefunds”可知，活动与“举办”搭配，举办活动来筹集资金。故选A。11．A.refer B．turnC．donate D．lead答案C解析根据上文中的“toraisefundsforbeachcleanups”可知，此处与举办活动为海洋清理筹集资金相照应，指给保护组织捐款。故选C。12．A.foolish B．importantC．potential D．appealing答案B解析根据下文中的“tobringawareness”以及语境可知，提高人们的意识是很“重要的”。故选B。13．A.learn B．makeC．play D．work答案D解析根据上文中的“theycancometogetherthroughtheirhobbies”以及下文中的“toacommongoal”可知，此处指的是人们为了共同的目标一起努力。故选D。14．A.extend B．observeC．convey D．announce答案A解析根据下文中的“toneighboringcities”可知，此处表示将此工作“拓展”到邻近城市。故选A。15．A.intelligent B．individualC．interesting D．influential答案D解析结合语境可知，将这些工作拓展到邻近的城市，就是为了扩大该组织的“影响力”。故选D。Ⅴ.语法填空ThereisnodoubtthathumankinddreamsofmakingMarsoursecondhome.However，sendingpeopletherewillrequirealltheskills，courageand1.(intelligent)ofthehumanrace.WhiletheMooncanbereachedwithindays，itwouldtakemonthstoreachMars,2.__________(travel)throughdangeroussolarradiation.AndevenifthefirstsettlersdoreachMarssafely，stayingalivewillbe3.dailychallenge，butasprovedbytheBios