高中英语知识点精讲系列四

高中英语学问点精讲系列四一、语言学问点：1.prepare+sthprepare+sthforsthprepare+forsthprepare+todosthbepreparedforbepreparedtodosthmakepreparationsfor2.Theytiedforfirstplaceinthegame.Wetiedwiththevisitingteaminthebasketballmatch.Thedogistiedtoatree.3.affectvt.影响effectn.效果，作用haveagood/badeffectonineffect事实上causeandeffect因果takeeffect生效，起作用comeintoeffect生效，实行effortn.努力withouteffort毫不费劲makeeveryeffort尽一切努力sparenoeffort不遗余力3.weighvt.称…的重量vi.重达…，重量为…putonweightloseweightbyweightinmeters/pounds/caloriesbytheday/theweek/theyard/thedozen/theton4.competein…参与…竞赛compete+with/against…与…竞赛/竞争compete+for…角逐…，为获得…而竞赛5.Wherethereisariver,thereisacity.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherethereislife,thereishope.6.dosthwouldrather+(not)dosthwouldrather+dosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth=prefertodosthratherthandosthwouldrather+that-clause+did─表如今或将来wouldrather+that-clause+haddone─表过去7.dodamagetosthliveone'sdreaminruins/inpiecesunderattack/discussion/construction/consideration/treatment8.almost:差距比nearly小。可与never,no,noone,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere等否认词连用，但不能与not连用。nearly:不行与上述否认词连用，但可与not连用，构成Not…nearly,意为"远非…，远不及…"二、语法专题──形容词与副词的考点1.形容词与副词的辨析：一般无规律可循，只能在于平常时多积累。我们应留意这几点：(1)分清形容词与副词各自的语法功能，即形容词常用作定语，而副词常用作状语；(2)驾驭详细的形容词、副词的根本含义与语法功能。如therefore意为"所以"，在句中起关联作用。(3)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词一样，另一种形式是在形容词后加-ly，意义不太一样，应加以辨别。常见的有：close接近──closely细致地，亲密地；high高──highly高度地；free免费──freely自由地，自如地；late晚，迟──lately近来；deep深──deeply深入地，深化地；near邻近──nearly几乎；hard努力地──hardly几乎不；most最──mostly主要地；wide宽敞──widely广泛地；easy沉着地──easily简单地(4)有些副词与形容词的词形完全一样。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词与副词两种词性。常见的有：early,straight,slow,enough,fast,hard,long,firm等。2.形容词与副词的词序：(1)enough用作形容词修饰名词时，可前可后；用作副词修饰形容词或副词时，只能位于之后。例：enoughtime/timeenough;strongenough。(2)形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置，somethingimportant。(3)as,how,so,too修饰单数名词时，其词序为：as/how/so/too+adj.+a/an+n.，toolargearoom;howinterestingafilm;MikeisascleveraboyasTom。(4)such修饰单数名词时，其词序为：such+a/an+adj.+n.，suchalargeroom;但名词前是one,some,many,all,no等修饰时，其词序为：one/some/many/all/no+such+adj.+n.。(5)多个形容词作定语时的词序为：县官行令宴国才──限定词＋描绘性形容词＋大小、长短、凹凸等形容词＋新旧＋颜色＋国家、地区＋材料＋用处＋被修饰名词。限定词包括：前位限定词，如：倍数词、分数词及all,both,half,double等；中位限定词，如：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、全部格及some,any,no,every,each,either,neither,enough,much,whose等；后位限定词，如：基数词，序数词及little(表示少)，few,last,next,other,another,more,less,most,several,least,plentyof等不定量代词；限定词的排列依次：前位＋中位＋后位＋中心词。(6)倍数的表示法：AisntimesbiggerthanB.AisntimesasbigasAisntimesthesizeofJohnhasfivetimesasmanybooksasI(do).3.形容词与副词的比拟等级：(1)当A>B时，比拟级＋than(2)当A>B，且B包含A时Heisolderthananyoftheotherboys(=anyotherboy)inhisclass.当A>B，但B不包含A时Heisricherthananyofthepeoplehere.I'mtallerthananystudentofyourclass.(3)比拟级＋and＋比拟级：表示自身的改变The＋比拟级，the＋比拟级：表示随之改变。(4)"否认词＋谓语＋比拟级"相当于最高级I'veneverseenanicerbirdthanthisone.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.(5)常见的无比拟级、最高级的形容词与副词有：cpmparative(ly),relative(ly),particular(ly),special(ly),excellent(ly),extreme(ly),perfect(ly),complete(ly)等。(6)more+原级+than:与其说…不如说…。(7)可以修饰比拟级的副词有：any,even,far,much,rather,still,yet,abit,alittle,alot,byfar,但不行加very,many,more,fairly,quite(但quitebetter除外)。4.形容词与副词的成分区分：(1)不能作定语的形容词(大多数以a开头)：afraid,alike,alive,alone,ashamed,asleep,awake,ill,well,若要作定语，则分别改用frightened,similar,living,lone,shy,sleeping,waking,sick,healthy;有时这些形容词也可以作定语，但一般作后置定语。(2)作状语一般用副词，但有时形容词可作伴随状语。Hehurriedhome,fulloffear./Allmenallcreatedequal.三、题型归纳──语境、语境＋语法型单项填空在题干上附加一些语言信息，将词法、句法等学问融入到语境之中，使试题语境化，其特点是：假如单独看空白与选项，各个选项都是正确的。然而，将题干与选项联络起来考虑，就只有一个最佳选项。常见的题型有：(1)对话语境；运用对话语境命题是高考的一种趋势，应当正确理解对话双方的语气、时态、语态，从而确定正确的选项；(2)句中的语境：有些试题选项中的一个或几个似乎都适用这个问题，但是，依据句子的语境的意义，就可推断出只有一个是最佳答案；(3)动词的时态与语态，情态动词及语气，形容词与副词的级。1.----WhyTom,yourshirtissodirty----Mom,I____mystoreroomdownstairs.A.cleanedB.havecleanedC.wascleaningD.havebeencleaning2.----IthinkGorgedoesn'treallycareforTVplays.----Right,____hestillwatchestheprogram.A.andB.butC.orD.so3.Ifyoucan'tcometomorrow,we'll____havetoholdthemeetingnextweek.A.yetB.evenC.ratherD.just4.I'mgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.Doyouhaveanything____toyourbrotherthereA.totakeB.tobetakenC.takenD.take5.Wearesureeverythinghere____bythetimeyoucomebackfromabroadinafewyears.A.hadchangedB.willhavechangedC.hadbeenchangedD.willhavebeenchanged6.Hello,you____323-65668.I'msorrybutI'munabletoansweryourcallrightnow.A.reachedB.arereachingC.havereachedD.hadreached7.Themeetingisnotover,andyou____notleave.A.willB.shallC.mayD.need8.HadIlearntEnglishwell,I____theinterviewforthejobtomorrow.A.wouldtakeB.wouldhavetakenC.shalltakeD.couldbetaken9.Bobis____honestboy,andhewon'ttelllies.A.mostB.themostC.amostD.verymuch10.Withthedoctor'streatment,Sallyfeels____betternow.A.veryB.fairlyC.soD.quite11.Thoughtheshipsunk,allthepeopleonher____berescued.A.couldB.shouldC.hadtoD.wereableto12.Wewillallappreciate____youcancometojoinusindevelopingmyhometown.A.thatifB.itifC.itthatD.thatwhen13.____he