高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析

高一英语各单元知识点总结与重难点解析Unit1-2☆重点句型☆1.Whatshouldafriendbelike询问对方的看法2.Ithinkhe/sheshouldbe…表示个人观点的词语3.Ienjoyreading/I'mfondofsinging/Ilikeplayingcomputergames.等表示喜好的词语4.Chuckisonaflightwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.“when"作并列连词的用法5.What/Who/When/Whereisitthat...强调句的特殊疑问句结构6.WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglisheveryday,...“with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语7.Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...带连接副词(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法☆重点词汇☆1.especiallyv.特别地2.imaginev.想像3.aloneadv./adj.单独，孤独的4.interestn.兴趣5.everydayadj.每天的，日常的6.desertedadj.抛弃的7.huntv.搜寻8.sharev.分享9.carev.在乎，关心10.totaln.总数11.majorityn.大多数12.survivev.生存，活下来13.adventuren.冒险14.scaredadj.吓坏的15.admitv.承认16.whileconj.但是，而17.boringadj.令人厌烦的18.exceptprep.除……之外19.qualityn.质量20.favouriteadj.最喜爱的☆重点短语☆1.befondof爱好2.treat…as…把……看作为……3.makefriendswith与……交朋友4.arguewithsb.about/oversth.与某人争论某事5.huntfor寻找6.inorderto为了7.share…with与……分享8.bringin引进；赚钱9.agreat/goodmany许多…10.havedifficulty(in)doing做……有困难11.endupwith以……结束12.exceptfor除……之外13.comeabout发生14.make(a)fire生火15.makeyourselfathome别拘束16.themajorityof大多数17.dropsb.aline给某人写短信18.forthefirsttime第一次19.atall根本；竟然20.havea(good)knowledgeof…精通……☆短语闯关☆下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗则我们就开始吧l.befond____喜欢，爱好of2.hunt____搜索。追寻，寻找for3.into____为了order4.care____担心，关心about5.such____例如，诸如as6.dropsba____给某人写信(通常指写短信)line7.makeoneselfat____别客气home8.____total总共in9.except____除了……之外for10.stay____不睡，熬夜up11.____about发生come12.end____with以……告终up13.bring____引进，引来in14.agreat____许许多多，极多many15.be____对……深感兴趣，深深迷上……into16.____theInternet上网surf17.____classes逃学，逃课skip18.get____聚会，相聚，聚集together19.beproud____为……感到骄傲of20.keepan____on照看，注意eye21.becurious____对……感到好奇about22.shut____(使)住口up23.joke____开玩笑about24.____thenameof以……名义in25.____thetime总是，一直all☆交际用语☆1.Ithink…Ilike/love/hate...Ienjoy...Myinterestsare...2.DidyouhaveagoodflightYoumustbeverytired.Justmakeyourselfathome.IbegyourpardonCanyoutellmehowtopronounce...Getit.☆单词聚焦☆1.arguev.的用法▲构词：argumentn.1.[C]争论2.[U]讨论．辩论3.[C]论据▲搭配：①arguewith/againstsb.over/on/aboutsth.与某人争论某事②arguefor/againststh.辩论赞成／反对某事③arguethat...主张，认为，争辩说④arguesbinto/outofdoingsth.说服某人做／不做某事▲友情提示：“说服某人做／不做某事”还可表达为：talk/persuade/reasonsb.into/outofdoingsth.⑤settletheargument解决争端▲友情提示：anargumentwithsbabout/oversth.为某事和某人而发生的争执【考例】Whatlaughing____wehadaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghetti(意大利式细面条)fromplatetomouth.(2004全国卷I)A.speechesB.lessonsC.sayingsD.arguments[考查目标]argue名词形式的词义。[答案与解析]Dargument的词义是“争辩，辩论”。2.comparev.的用法▲构词：comparisonn.比较▲搭配：①compare...to...比拟；比作②compare...with/to...将……和……相比较③comparenotes对笔记；交换意见【考例】____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(2004湖北)A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared[考查目标]compare的用法。[答案与解析]D本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。3.considerv.的用法▲构词：considerationn.考虑，思考；体谅，顾与▲搭配：①considerdoingsth.考虑做某事②considersb(tobe/as)...认为／觉得某人……③considerthat-clause认为……④takesthintoconsideration考虑⑤underconsideration在考虑中【考例】CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(NMET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented[考查目标]consider的几种常见用法。[答案与解析]Cconsider本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。4.desertedadj.空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的(1)空无一人的adesertedstreet/area空无一人的街道，地区；Theofficewasquitedeserted.办公室里空无一人。(2)被遗弃的adesertedchild被遗弃的孩子(3)desert['dezot]n.沙漠desert[dI'zo:t]vt.丢弃；遗弃Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenafterbecomingrich.5.difficultyn.(1)difficulty(通常作复数)难事，难点，难题Shemetwithmanydifficultieswhentravelling.(2)在以下句型中，difficulty是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。have(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.干某事有困难thereis(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.have(some)difficultywithsth.在某事上有困难thereis(some)difficultywithsth.dosth.withdifficulty/withoutdifficulty困难地／轻而易举地做某事Wehadalotofdifficultyinfindingyourhouse.DoyouhaveanydifficultywithyourEnglish【注意】(1)以上句型中，difficulty前可加some,little,much,alotof,no,any修饰(2)以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。6.favourite=favorite(A.E)最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物(1)adj.最喜爱的Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball.(2)n.[C]最喜爱的人或事物Heisafavoritewithhisuncle.7.fun的用法▲构词：funnyadj.有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的▲搭配：①makefunof取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑②(just)for/infun=(just)forthefunofit取乐，非认真地，说／做着玩的③befulloffun……很好玩④havefunwithsb.和某人开一个玩笑⑤have(some)fun玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心⑥It's(great)funtodosth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心⑦Whatfun(itis)todosth!干某事多么有趣呀!⑧havealotoffundoingsth干某事玩得很开心【考例】(200上海春招)Thisisnotamatch.We'replay-ingchessjustfor____.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game[考查目标]fun构成的短语forfun的意思。[答案与解析]C，forfun常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。8.imagine的用法▲构词：①imaginationn.[C/U]想像，想像力，想像的事物②imaginativeadj.富有想像力的▲搭配：①imaginesth/doingsth②beyond(all)imagination(完全)出乎意料地【考例】IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(MET1991)A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed[考查目标]imagine的基本用法。[答案与解析]Cimagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。9.interest的用法interestvt.使……感兴趣n.兴趣，爱好[U]利息；利润Hehasagreatinterestinpolitics.他对政治极感兴趣。/abroadinterest广泛的利益/acommoninterest共同的利益/astronginterest极强的兴趣▲构词：①interesting令人感兴趣的(事物)②interested(某人对某事)有兴趣的▲搭配：①interestsbinsth使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣②beinterestedin对……感兴趣(关心)③haveaninterestinsth./indoingsth.对某方面有兴趣(关心)；在……中有股份、权益等④holdone'sinterest吸引住某人的兴趣⑤intheinterest(s)of为……利益；为……起见；对……有利⑥loseinterestin对……不再感兴趣⑦show/take(an)interestin/indoingsth.对……表示关心(有兴趣)⑧have/take/feelnointerestin对……不(不太)感兴趣⑨withinterest有兴趣地，津津有味地⑩develop/find/feelinterestinsth./indoingsth.在某方面培养／有兴趣⑪loseinterestinsth./indoingsth.对某方面失去兴趣有时interest可与不定冠词连用。Hedevelopedaninterestinscience.另外：interest作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。Hisinterestsincludereadingandtennis.【考例】____,theyimmediatelysuggestedthatsheputthemtogethertomakeasingleonelongstoryandpaidTracya$50,000advance.(2004全国卷II)A.InterestedB.AnxiouslyC.SeriouslyD.Encouraged[考查目标]interest派生词的词义和用法。[答案与解析]Ainterested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。10.prove的用法▲构词：①proofn.证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样▲搭配：①provesthtosb向某人证实……②provetosbthat从句向某人证实……③prove(oneself)tobe证明(自己)是，表现出【考例】Itwasintheneighboringcountry—UnitedStatesthatsuchresistancetospraywasfirst____.(05长春模拟)A.provedB.killedC.thoughtD.discussed[考查目标]考查prove的意思。[答案与解析]A本题wasproved的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。11.provide的用法▲构词：①providern.供给者，供应者，养家者②provided/providingconj.倘若▲搭配：providesbwithsth/sthtosb给……提供；以……装备【考例】Hisson____theoldmanwithallthefoodandthemoneyheneeded.A.providedB.fedC.affordedD.charred[考查目标]考查provide的词义。[答案与解析]Aprovide与with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。12.share的用法▲搭配：①share(in)sth.withsth.和某人分享、分担、共用某物②sharesth(out)between/among...将某物分配、分给……③sharejoys/happinessandsorrows(withsb)(和某人)同甘共苦④shareone'sopinion同意某人的意见【考例】LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell,Clare—youmustlearnto____.(NMET2000)A.supportB.careC.spareD.share[考查目标]此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。[答案与解析]D四个选项的含义分别为：support支持；care在意，关心；spare挤出(时间)，匀出某物；share分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享——把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息playwithyourtoysaswell。故D为最佳答案。13.solve的用法▲构词：solutionn.1.[C](问题的)解答；(困难的)解决方法2.[U]解答，解决3.[U]溶解▲搭配：thesolutionto解决……的办法【考例3】Intheend,onesuggestionseemstobethesolution____theproblem.(2001北京春招)A.withB.intoC.forD.to[考查目标]solve名词solution的相关搭配。[答案与解析]D“对于……的解决办法”，介词用to。14.totaln./adj.全部(的)(1)intotal加起来Intotal,theremusthavebeen20000peoplethere.(2)atotalof总共Hisexpenses(支出)reachedatotalof$100.(3)thetotalof...……的总数Thetotal0fthebillis230dollars.15.whenconj.when并列连词，=andthen，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中：(1)bedoing...when...正在做……突然……Iwaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenlcaughtsightofatailor'sshop.(2)haddone...when...刚做了……突然……Ihadjustsatdownwhenthelightwentout.(3)beabouttodo...when...刚要做……突然……Iwasjustabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidesawmeandshoutedatme.16.whileconj.(1)while从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Comeon,getthesethingsawaywhileImakethetea.(2)并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven'tenough.(3)放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于although。Whilewedon'tagree,wecontinuetobefriendly.[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)1.Allthenovelsareconsidered____theyoungreadersinthe1980s.(tohaveinterested)2.Bobthoughtit____tosolvemathsproblemswhileothershatedit.(fun)3.Theheadmasterignoredthe____betweenMrs.Wangandhisnephew.(argument)4.Wecan'tdecide.Theplanneedstobe____.(considered)5.____withClassTwo,ourshasmoreboystudents.(Compared)6.Ifindabetterway____thisproblem.(tosolve)7.Nearlyhalfofthecompanies____thesameopinionwiththegovernment.(share/shared)【词语比较】1.especially,speciallyespeciallyadv.特殊地；尤其是(1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。Ilikeallthesubjectsatschool,especiallyEnglish.(尤其是英语)(2)especially后可接介词短语或从句。IliketheYueluMountains,especiallyinspring.(尤其是在春天)Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.specially侧重特意地、专门地做某事(后面常接forsb.或todosth.)Imadeachocolatecakespeciallyforyou.2.boring,bored,boreboringadj.令人厌烦的Thebookisveryboring.boredadj.感到厌烦的I'mboredwiththebook.borevt.令人厌烦Thisbookboresme.有些表示情感的与物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如：interest,excite,surprise,amaze,frighten,astonish,move,inspire,touch,scare,disappoint,puzzle,worry这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人……”；过去分词形式，为“感到……”。3.exceptfor,except,but,besides表示“除了”的词或短语有：except;but;exceptfor;besides;exceptthat(when...)等。(1)except和but都表示“除了……之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no,all,nobody,nothing,noone等词后多用but。Nooneknowsourteacher'saddressexcept/buthim.(排除him)(2)besides除……之外，还……，有附加性。WhatotherforeignlanguagesdoyouknowbesidesEnglish(English与otherlanguages都属于know的范围)(3)exceptfor只不过……，整体一定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。Yourarticleiswellwrittenexceptforafewspellingmistakes.4.know,knowof,knowabout(1)know用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。Idon'tknowwhetherheishereornot./Iknowhimtobehonest.(2)knowof和knowabout的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。5.forexample;suchas(1)forexample“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用forinstance替换。Forexample,airisinvisible./Hisspellingisterrible!Lookatthisword,forexample.(2)suchas“例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。SomeoftheEuropeanLanguagescomefromLatin,suchasFrench,ItalianandSpanish.[注意]如把前面所述情况全部举出，用thatis或namely。☆短语归纳☆1.含all的短语1)firstofall首先(强调顺序)2)inall(=intotal=altogether)总共3)afterall毕竟，终究4)atall到底，根本5)aboveall最重要的是(强调重要性)6)not(...)atall(=not(...)intheleast)根本不，一点也不7)allthetime始终，一直8)allofasudden(=suddenly)突然，冷不防9)allright行，可以10)allatonce立刘，马上11)alldayandallnight日日夜夜12)allover遍与13)allalone独个儿，独立地14)allbut几乎，差一点15)allinall总的说来16)alltogether一道，同时，总共17)forall尽管[例句]Iwokeupanddidn'thearhimatall.我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/Youshouldn'tscoldher.Afterall,sheisonlyfiveyearsold.你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/Childrenneedmanythings,butaboveall,theyneedlove.孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/Youmusthaveknownitallthetime.你一定一直知道这事。【考例】PeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsaboutKaren,butIadmireher.____,sheisagreatmusician.(2004甘肃、青海)A.AfterallB.AsaresultC.InotherwordsD.Asusual[考查目标]主要考查四个短语的用法。[答案与解析]Aafterall意为“毕竟．终究”；asaresult意为“结果”；inotherwords意为“换句话说”；asusual意为“像往常一样”。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。【考例】I'dliketobuyahouse--modern,comfortable,and____inaquietneighborhood.(2004福建)A.inallB.aboveallC.afterallD.atall[考查目标]主要考查all构成的四个短语。[答案与解析]Binall意为“总共”；aboveall意为“最重要的是”；afterall意为“毕竟”；atall意为“到底”。本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。2.atall(1)用在一定句中，“竟然”I'msurprisedthatyoucameatall.(2)用在否定句中，“一点也不”Therewasnothingtoworryaboutatall.(3)用在疑问句中，“到底”“究竟”Haveyoubeenthereatall(4)用在条件句中，“真的，确实”Ifyoudoitatall,doitwell.3.含“be+形容词+介词”的短语1)begoodat擅长于2)beinterestedin对……感兴趣3)bepleased/satisfied/contentwith对……满意4)befamousfor因……而出名5)bekind/goodto对……好6)belostin沉湎于7)beactivein在某方面积极8)besureabout/of确信9)beafraidof害怕10)befullof充满11)befilledwith充满12)bemadeof/from由……组成13)begenerousto对……慷慨14)bepopularwith受欢迎15)beconfidentof确信16)befondof喜欢，喜爱17)beangrywith/at对……发脾气18)belatefor迟到19)beamazed/surprised/astonished/shockedat对……感到惊讶20)bebusydoing忙着做……21)beexcitedabout对……感到兴奋22)beworriedabout担心23)beusedfor/as用于24)becuriousabout对……好奇[例句]LinLinisconfidentofhisabilitytogetworkforhimself.林林确信自己有能力做这活。Hewasgeneroustoeverybodywithmoney,asaresult,hesavedlittle.他对谁花钱都很慷慨，结果没有攒到多少钱。Sheisveryactiveinhelpingthepoor.在帮助穷人方面，她很热心。Popmusicispopularwiththeyounggeneration.流行歌曲受轻一代的欢迎。Lostinthought,hedidn'trealizethatIcamein.他陷入思考之中，没有意识到我进来了。IwasamazedatthesightsothatIdidn'tknowwhattodo.看到这一幕我非常惊讶，不知道该做什么。StudentsinSenior3arebusypreparingforthecomingfinalexam.高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。【考例l】(2005重庆)--Youknow,Bobisalittleslow____understanding,so...--SoIhavetobepatient____him.A.in;withB.on;withC.in;toD.at;for[考查目标]同定搭配中介词的选择。[答案与解析]Abeslowin意为“在……方面反应迟钝”，bepatientwith意为“对……有耐心”。4.endupwith...以……结束(1)endupwith+n.以……结束ThepartyendedupwiththesingingofAuldLangSyne.(2)endupas...最后成为…Hewillendupasapresidentsomeday.(3)endup+地点状语最后(有……结局)Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat,you'llend(up)inhospital.5.“make+名词”短语①makeanoise吵闹②makefaces做鬼脸，做苦脸③makeroomfor给……腾出地方④makethebed整理床铺⑤makephonecalls打⑥makefriendswith交朋友⑦makemoney赚钱⑧makeuseof利用⑨makeadecision做出决定⑩makeamistake犯错误[例句]Theboymadeafaceathisteacherwhensheturnedherback.老师转身时，男孩朝老师做了个鬼脸。Workinginthekitchenmadetheboyintoagoodcook.在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。Theyweremovedouttoanearbyhotel,tomakeroomformoreimportantpersons.为了给更重要的人物腾出地方，他们被搬到了附近的一家旅店。【考例】TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto____.(2003北京春招)A.makeitoutB.makeitoffC.makeitupD.makeitover[考查目标]主要考查make短语。[答案与解析]Amakeout意为“领悟、弄明白、发现真相”makeoff意为“连忙跑掉”；makeup意为“弥补、打扮、组成”；makeover意为“转让、改造”。因为受到迷惑，所以应该是试图发现真相。【考例】--Whenshallwestart--Let's____itat8:30.Isthatallright(2002北京)A.setB.meetC.makeD.take[考查目标]此题主要考查make短语。[答案与解析]Cmakeit“规定时间”为固定短语。本句话意思是“把出发的时间定在8点半”。set意思是“对时间”、“调时间”。6.makefire点火有以下fire(n.)短语:beonfire着火了(表示状态)/catchfire燃着；着火(表示动作)/playwithfire玩火；干冒险的事/Setsth.onfire=setfiretosth.放火烧……/make(a)fire点火；生火/start(cause)afire引起火灾[注意]fire作“火灾”“一堆火”解时，为可数名词。7.agreat/goodmany许多(1)agreat/goodmany+名词复数，中间无“of”。Agreatmanypeoplehaveseenthefilm.(2)agreat/goodmany+of+the/these/those/one's+名词复数Agreatmanyofthepeoplehaveseenthefilm.8.makeyourselfathome别拘束(1)makeyourselfathome别拘束(主人对客人说的委婉语)--Goodevening,Jim.--Goodevening,Mary.Comeinandmakeyourselfathome.(2)(all)byoneself独自(没有别人帮助)Youcan'tpossiblydoitallbyyourself.(3)enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得高兴Pleaseenjoyyourselfwhileyou'respendingyourholidayinHawaii.(4)foroneself亲自;为自己Thestudentwantstothinkitforhimself./Oneshouldnotliveforoneselfalone.(5)ofoneself自动地Thedoorclosedofitselfsuddenly.(6)beoneself身体或情绪好Iamnotmyselftoday.(7)helponeselfto+n./pron.随便……Pleasehelpyourselftothefish．(8)inoneself本身Thisisnotabadideainitself.(9)cometooneself苏醒Theinjuredmancametohim-selfinfiveminutes.(10)betweenourselves私下说的话Allthisisbetweenourselves.9.themajorityof...大多数的……(1)a/themajorityof+名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词多用复数。themajority单独作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。Themajorityofpeopleseemtopreferwatchinggamestoplayinggames./Themajoritywere(was)infavouroftheproposal.(2)byamajorityof+数字，以超过……票的多数Shewontheelectionbyamajorityof900votes.10.treat…as…把…看做…Thekindladytreatedmeasherowndaughter.【比较】表示“认为”的短语还有：regard…as…consider…(as)…thinkof…as…lookon/upon…as…take…for…[注意]在consider…as…短语中as可省略，其他短语中不可。[牛刀小试2]1.Ifyouare____aboutAustraliancities,justreadthebookwrittenbyDr.Johnson.A.interestedB.anxiousC.upsetD.curious2.Herson,____whomshewasso____,wentabroad10yearsago.A.of;lovedB.for;caredC.to;devotedD.on;affected3.Inordertocontinuetolearnbyourselveswhenwehaveleftschool,wemust____learnhowtostudyintheschoolnow.A.inallB.afterallC.aboveallD.atall4.--IamsorryIdidn'tdoagoodjob.--Nevermind.____,youhavetriedyourbest.A.AboveallB.InallC.AtallD.Afterall5.Sincewecan'tfindabiggerapartment,we'llhaveto____whatwehave.A.hopeforthebestB.makeroomforC.makethebestofD.layourhopeon(DCCDC)【句型归纳】1.Idon'tenjoysinging,nordoIlikecomputers.我不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢电脑。/RockmusicisOK,andsoisskiing.摇滚音乐还可以，滑雪也行。这两句中nor与so用于倒装结构。例如：Idon'tknow,nordoIcare.我不知道，也不关心。so的常见句型有：(1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语(意为“主语也……”)(2)neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语(意为“主语也不……”)(3)soitis/waswithsb/sth和soitis/wasthesamewithsb/sth(意为“主语也……”)(用在前文有两个或以上的从句，而且分句有不同的谓语或既有一定又有否定以与既有系动词义有行为动词的情况)(4)so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词(意为“主讲确实如此”)，表示进一步一定。(5)主语+did+so(意为“主语按照吩咐做了”)。【考例】Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,____.(2005全国III)A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.Johndoesn'ttooD.nordoesJohn[考查目标]nor表示“也不”引导的倒装结构。[答案与解析]D由never可以判断该句为否定句。空格处句意为“约翰也没读书”。nor,so,neither可引起倒装句。2.Chuckisabusinessmanwhoisalwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.查克是个生意人，他总是则忙，几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。该句中so...that...和such...that...都能连接结果状讲从句，但要注意词序不同。例如：Joanissuchalonelygirlthatallofuslikeher.=Sheissolovelyagirlthatwealllikeher.常见句型：(1)such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+thatclause(2)such+形容词+复数可数名词+thatclause(3)such+形容词+不可数名词+thatclause(4)so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+thatclause(5)so+形容词/副词+thatclause(6)so+many/few+复数可数名词+thatclause(7)so+much/little+不可数名词+thatclause注意：①当little不表示数量“少”而表示“小”的意思时，仍然要用such。②当so+adj./adv.或such+n.位于句首时，主句需要倒装。【考例】Sodifficult____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.(2001上海)A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel[考查目标]so+adj.位于句首时，主句倒装。[答案与解析]DA、C语序不对，排除。B时态不对。3.OnedayChuckisonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.一天，查克在飞越太平洋时．他的飞机突然坠毁了。该句中的“when”表示“正在这时”，相当于andjust或andatthattime.这时不能用while/as替换。常见句型：(1)beabouttodosthwhen...(2)bedoingsthwhen...(3)beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...【考例】Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.(2004北京春招)A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before[考查目标]"when"作连词，表示“正在这时”。[答案与解析]A意为“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。”只有when才能用于这种句型。4.Hehastolearnhowtocollectwater,huntforfood,andmakefire.他不得不学会收集淡水．寻找食物，生火什么的。该句中的“howItocollect...”为动词不定式短语作宾语。例如：Wemustdecidewhichonetobuy.疑问词which,what,how,when,where等与小定式构成不定式短语。【考例】I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknewwhat____inmynewjob.(NMET2000)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects[考查目标]whattodosth不定式短语作宾语。[答案与解析]B该句需要填非谓语动词。排除A、D。句意为“以前我与孩子在一块儿工作过。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示进行，排除C。5.Inordertosurvive,Chuckdevelopedafriendshipwithanunusualfriend—avolleyballhecalledWilson.为了生存下去，查克和一位不寻常的朋友--“排球”建立了友谊，查克叫他威尔森。1.该句中的"inorderto"，意思为“为了，以便”，作目的状语。在句子中作同的状语的常见句型有五种结构：todosth/inordertodosth/soastodosth/inorderthatclause/sothatclause注意：(1)soastodosth不能位于句首。(2)如果主句与从句的主语一致时，四个结构可以相互转换。(3)在inorderthat/sothat引导的从句中，谓语动词常与can,could,may,might等情态动词连用。【考例】(2005北京)I'dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat[考查目标]目的状语。[答案与解析]Dassoonas“一…就…”；asaresult“结果是”；incase“万一”；sothat“以便，为的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分钟到以便有时间喝杯茶”。2.该句子中volleyball是作同位语。例如：Headvisedfarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,theonesthathadthebestcolor.注意：这种同位语(不是同位语从句)与非限制性定语从句的区别。【考例】(NMET2002)Meetingmyuncleaftertheseyearswasanunforgottenmoment,____Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what[考查目标]one作同位语，指代amoment。[答案与解析]Bthat不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除A；if不能作同位语，排除C；what既不能引导非限制定语从句，也不能作同位语。可以填which，这样就成了非限制性定语从句。6.ForalongtimethelanguageinAmericastayedthesame,whilethelanguageinEnglandchanged.长期以来，美国英语保持不变，但英国英语变化了。1.该句中的“while"用作并列连词．表示前后对比，意为“然而”。“while"充当连词，还能引导时间状语从句。意为“duringthetimethat…”；引导让步状语从句，意为“although…”。2.该句中的"stay"为系动词。后接表语(thesame)。除了stay外，常见的系动词还有:become,get,turn,grow,go,come,run,fall,keep,stay,remain。【考例】(NMET2003)Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridgeItwill____freshforseveraldays.A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed[考查目标]系动词的用法。[答案与解析]B系动词没有被动语态，一般不用进行时态，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系动词表示状态。7.forthefirsttime第一次(1)forthefirsttime第一次，后面不加从句，在句中作状语TheycametoBeijingforthefirsttime.(2)thefirsttime名词短语，在从句中充当连词，后接时间状语从句，不接that，when等连词。有同样用法的短语还有：everytime;nexttime;thelasttimeTheylikedBeijingthefirsttimetheywentthere.(3)It's/Thisisthefirsttimethat+从句(用现在完成时)这是……的第一次It'sthefirsttimethatIhaveeverbeenabroadatall.8.Whatisitthat...是什么……强调句的用法：(1)结构：Itis/Itwas(过去时间)+被强调部分+that/who(专指人)+其他部分(2)用法：除了谓语动词不能强调，句子的每部分均可强调。Jimmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.主语宾语地点状语时间状语强调主语：ItwasJimwho/thatmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.强调宾语：Itwasthestudentwhom/thatJimmetinthestreetlastweek.强调地点状语：ItwasinthestreetthatJimmetthestudentlastweek.强调时间状语：ItwaslastweekthatJimmetthestudentinthestreet.(3)注意点：一般疑问句的强调句：WasitDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow特殊疑问句的强凋句：WhoisitthatwillvisitourclassWhereisitthathehasgoneWhenwasitthatshewentnot…until…用于强调句：ItwasnotuntilthenthatIrealizedIwaswrong.[牛刀小试3]1.--Iwouldneverevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!--____.(2004广西)A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI2.Wecan'timagine____littlemicecaneatup____manycropseveryyear.A.so;soB.such;soC.such;suchD.so;so3.Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.once4.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovern-mentknows____.(NMET2002)A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit5.Rosesneedspecialcare___theycanlivethroughwinter.(2004天津)A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as(BBACB)【交际速成】1.Talkingaboutlikesanddislikes.谈论喜欢和不喜欢--IenjoyChinesefoodverymuch.--____.(03东北三校)A.PleasetastequicklyB.Havemore,pleaseC.HelpyourselfD.Eatslowlywhileitishot[答案与解析]C本题主要考查具体语境下“对事物喜好”的表达与应答。A项不礼貌，B、D两项属汉语习惯，C项符合此时英语语境。【归纳】英语中常见表达喜欢和不喜欢态度的用语有：(1)Thisbookisveryinteresting.(2)Ilike/lovethemovie(verymuch).(3)Ilike/lovetoplaycomputergames.(4)Iliketakingphotos.(5)Ienjoylisteningtomusic.(6)I'minterestedinscience.Myhobbies/interestsare...(7)Heisfondofmusic.(8)Thissongisbad/awful.(9)Idon'tlikethemovieverymuch/atall.(10)Idon'tenjoycollectingstamps.(11)Ihatetodohomework.Ihatedancing,(12)I'mnotintoclassicmusic.(13)Ithinkthatclassicmusicisterrible/boring.2.Makingapologies道歉--I'msorryI'mcallingyousolate.--____Okay.(2003北京春招)A.ThisisB.You'reC.That'sD.I'm[答案与解析]C本题主要考查英语中道歉与应答用语。A、B、D三项不符合交际英语的习惯，故C项正确。【归纳】英语中常见道歉用语有：(1)I'mverysorry.Ididn'tmeanto(hurtyourfeelings).(2)I'mterriblysorryaboutthat.(3)I'mafraidI'vebroughtyoutoomuchtrouble.(4)Pleaseexcusemecominglate.(5)Pleaseforgiveme.(6)Excuseme,please.(7)Ibegyourpardon.应答表达有：(1)That's/It'sallright.(2)That's/It'sOK.(3)Nevermind.(4)Itdoesn'tmatter.(5)It'snothing.(6)Forgetit.(7)Don'tworryaboutthat.(8)Don'tmentionit.3.Talkingaboutlanguagedifficultiesincommunication谈论语言交际困难--I'msorry.Ican'tcatchyou.____--OK,it'sB—L—A—C—K.A.WouldyoupleasewalkslowlyB.Idon'tunderstandyou．C.What'sthemeaningofthiswordD.Wouldyoupleaserepeatitmoreslowly[答案与解析]D本题主要考查语言交际困难的功能意念。catch在整个语境中是“听见，听清”的意思，A项错误理解了catch在此处的意思，B、C两项语义不连贯，故正确答案是D。【归纳】英语中常见的谈论语言交际困难的用语有：(1)Pardon/Ibegyourpardon.(2)Sorry,Ican'tfollowyou.(3)Canyouspeakmoreslowly,please(4)Howdoyousay...inEnglish.'(5)Idon'tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.(6)Idon'tknowthewordinEnglish.(7)Howdoyouspellit,please(8)I'msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.(9)Couldyourepeatthat,pleaseCouldyousaythatagain,please(10)Whatdoyoumeanbykillingtime[牛刀小试4]1.--____Ididn'thearyouclearly.It'stoonoisyhere.--Iwassayingthatthepartywasgreat.A.Repeat.B.Onceagain.C.SorryD.Sowhat2.--Doyoulikeahousewithnogarden--____.Butanyhow,it'sbettertohaveonethannone.A.NotabitB.NotalittleC.NotreallyD.Notspecially3.--I'msorryforsteppingonyourfoot--____.A.It'sOKB.YouarewelcomeC.It'syourfaultD.Neveryo