2025版高考英语一轮复习核心素养测评三十七选修8Unit2Cloning含解析新人教版

PAGE核心素养测评三十七选修8Unit2Cloning(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AAnexcitinglandingprocessofChang’e-4lunarprobe(月球探测器)wasseenthroughthemonitoratBeijingAerospaceControlCenterinBeijing,Jan.3,2024.Ittoucheddownonthefarsideofthemoonat10:26a.m.BeijingTime,becomingthefirstspacecraftsoft-landingonthemoon’sunknownsidenevervisiblefromEarth.China’sChang’e-4probehasstartedtheexplorationonthefarsideofthemoonthankstotherelaysatellitethatprovidesacommunicationlinkwithgroundcontrol.Therelaysatellite,namedQueqiao,meaningMagpieBridge,afteraChineselegend(传闻),waslaunchedonMay21,2024,andbecamethefirstcommunicationsatelliteoperatingintheHaloOrbit,nearly500,000kmfromtheearth.Itcanalsoprovidecommunicationforprobesfromothercountries.Therelaysatellitewillalsobeusedforscientificandtechnologicalexperiments.ThemaximumdistancebetweenthesatelliteandtheChang’e-4probeonthefarsideofthemoonis79,000km.ThesatelliteprocessesdatafromtheprobeandsendsittoEarth.Thesatellitecanstayinitsorbitforalongtimeduetoitsrelativelylowfuelconsumption,astheearth’sandmoon’sgravitybalancesitsorbitalmoving.Whileinorbit,itcan“see”boththeearthandthefarsideofthemoon.TheconceptofusingarelaysatelliteintheHaloOrbitwasfirstputforwardbyU.S.spaceexpertsinthe1960s,butwasrealizedbyChinesespaceengineers.Researchershopetousethecamerasonthesatellitetorecordasteroids(小行星)hittingthefarsideofthemoon.TocontrolthecostoftheChang’e-4probe,therelaysatellitewasdesignedtoberelativelysmall,weighingabout400kg.Researchershadjust30monthstodevelopthesatellite,puttingthemunderhighpressure.Topromotepublicinterestinspaceexploration,theChinaNationalSpaceAdministrationinvitedpeopletowritedowntheirwishesforlunarandspaceexploration,andtherelaysatellitecarriesthenamesoftensofthousandsofparticipantsandtheirmessages.【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章报道了北京时间2019年1月3日10时26分,我国嫦娥四号探测器胜利登陆月球背面。1.Whatdowelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.TherelaysatellitewaslaunchedonJan.3,2024.B.Chang’e-4probewasthefirstcommunicationsatellite.C.Therelaysatelliteonlyexploresthefarsideofthemoon.D.TherelaysatellitecanhandledatafromChang’e-4probe.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据其次段的ThesatelliteprocessesdatafromtheprobeandsendsittoEarth.可知,中继卫星可以处理来自嫦娥四号探测器的数据。故选D。2.Whywasthesizeoftherelaysatelliterelativelysmall?A.Toreducethecostasmuchaspossible.B.TomakeitcircleMoonforalongertime.C.Toavoidbeingcrashedbyothersatellites.D.TofollowAmericanspaceexperts’advice.【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段的TocontrolthecostoftheChang’e-4probe,therelaysatellitewasdesignedtoberelativelysmall,weighingabout400kg.可知,中继卫星的尺寸相对较小是为了节约成本,故选A。3.Whatmaderesearcherssufferfromgreatstress?A.Fewpeopleinterestedintheexplorationonthemoon.B.Therelaysatellitecarryingtoomuchequipment.C.Theirlackingenoughtimetodeveloptherelaysatellite.D.People’sneverbeingoptimisticabouttherelaysatellite.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据最终一段的Researchershadjust30monthstodevelopthesatellite,puttingthemunderhighpressure.可知,探讨者们压力很大是因为他们只有30个月的时间开发这个卫星,即缺乏时间,故选C。4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.ChinaisanewspacepoweraftertheUSA.B.Chang’e-4probelandsonMoon’sfarside.C.Chinesespaceengineersmakemuchprogress.D.Spaceexplorationisadangerouschallenge.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章主要报道了嫦娥四号探测器胜利登陆月球背面,并介绍了卫星在月球登陆的状况,因此,本文的主要内容是嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆。故选B。BDreamingofsummerpicnicsfilledwithfamilyandfun?We’vecomeupwith4ofthetoppicnicareasacrosstheUS.CumberlandIslandsJustafewhourssouthofSavannah,thisnationalseashoreisapicnicparadise.It’sanunspoiledplaceintheDeepSouthwithover50milesofhikingtrails(小径).CoveredinSpanishmoss,thetrailsarelinedwithtreesandsinceit’sstillaruralarea,thestarslineupforaspectacularshowatnightandcreatetheperfecteveningstarlitpicnicopportunity.GrantPark,ChicagoIfyouarelookingfordeliciousfoodinChicago,goforatasteofa20-day,lake-front,foodiefestivalthathappensinOctobereachyear.Grabaspotnearthefountaintoenjoyyourpicnic,appreciatethecitysceneryandlakeviewsandrelaxwithfamilyandfriends.IfyouarethereonJuly4th,besuretoplanthedaytoincludethefireworksdisplayattheNavyPier.CranberryIslandsHere,you’llenjoynaturalpicnicswithislandviews.Theislandsareadelightfulgroupofislandsabout20minutesoffshorefromAcadiaBigSurThePointLobosStateReserveisasmallgem.Besidesthecoastalwildlifetherearerareplantcommunities,anduniquegeologicalformations.It’sgoodtohaveapicnicthere.Werecommendbringingatelescope,becausemuchofthewildlifecanbeseenonlyatadistance.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。5.WhatareCumberlandA.TheyarejustnexttoSavannah.B.Theyhaven’tlosttheirnaturalness.C.TheyarealmostcoveredinSpanishmoss.D.Theyhaveaspectacularshoweverynight.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。由CumberlandIslands,Georgia中的“It’sanunspoiledplace...”可知,这是一个未遭破坏的地方。所以CumberlandIslands并没有丢失它的自然风光。故B选项正确。6.Wherecanyouenjoyobservingwildlifewithatelescope?A.AttheNavyPier.B.IntheDeepSouth.C.AtAcadiaD.AtthePoint【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。由BigSur,California中“ThePointLobosStateReserveisasmallgem...Werecommendbringingatelescope,becausemuchofthewildlifecanbeseenonlyatadistance.”可知,PointLobos是评价很高的国家爱护区。我们建议带上望远镜,因为大部分野生动物只能在远处看到。所以在PointLobos国家爱护区可以享受用望远镜视察野生动物的乐趣。故D选项正确。7.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Tointroducesomepicnicareas.B.Tosharepersonalstoriesaboutpicnics.C.Totellreaderssomegoodwaystorelax.D.Toofferreaderstipsforwinterholiday.【解析】选A。推理推断题。由“Dreamingofsummerpicnicsfilledwithfamilyandfun?We’vecomeupwith4ofthetoppicnicareasacrosstheUS.”(幻想着家人陪伴、充溢乐趣的夏季野餐?我们想到了美国四大顶级野餐区),以及下文对于野餐区的具体说明,可以推断出作者写这篇短文的目的是要介绍一些野餐区。故A选项正确。8.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthispassage?A.Inapersonaldairy.B.Inasciencereport.C.Inatravelmagazine.D.Inageographytextbook.【解析】选C。推理推断题。通读全文可知,短文介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。所以这篇短文是写给那些要去旅游的游客的,希望他们在读到这篇短文之后,获得更多关于去哪里旅游和野餐的信息。所以推断最有可能在旅游杂志上读到这篇文章。故C选项正确。【学问拓展】长难句分析

1.CoveredinSpanishmoss,thetrailsarelinedwithtreesandsinceit’sstillaruralarea,thestarslineupforaspectacularshowatnightandcreatetheperfecteveningstarlitpicnicopportunity.

分析:covered是过去分词作状语;since引导缘由状语从句。

翻译:这些小路上到处都是寄生藤,路边是一排排的树。因为它仍是乡下地方,晚上时能看到壮丽的星象,给了人们完备的晚上观星的野餐机会。

2.Bringapicnicbasketalongfortherideasit’saromanticpicnicareatotakeyourspecialsomeoneorgoforafamilyoutingtovisittheislands.

分析:本句是祈使句;totake...是定语,修饰area。

翻译:出门时为这次旅行带上野餐篮,因为这是一个浪漫野餐区,你可以带上特别的某人或者家人去参观这些岛。Ⅱ.完形填空LeighaBishopisalwaysfindingnewwaystoencourageherstudents.Recently,shenoticedoneofherstudents1astrangehairstyle—abraidedtopknot(头饰).She2heratonce.Butthestudentthoughtshewas3.“Shedidn’tbelieveme,sosherespondednothing,asshewalkedaway.”Leighatoldreporters.

Tothestudent’s4,Leighacametoschoolthenextdaywiththe5samehairstyle.“Iwenthomeandgottoworkonmyhair!Withmystudent’shairbeing6tomine,Ithoughtthebetterwaytoshowherhowniceshecouldmakemefeelwaswiththesamebraidedtopknot.”

Leigha7thechanceofcreatingahairstyletoencourageherstudents.“Whenstudentsare8forwhotheyareasanindividualbeyondgradesonareportcard,theywillwanttogotoschoolandwantto9inlife.”sheexplained.“Thissmallactionofcopyingahairstylealsoshowsthatstudentshavethe10Leighasharedaphotoposingwithherstudentsandtheir11onTwitter(推特).Thepostspreadquicklyandmanypeople12theirthoughts.Onesaid,“Weneedmoreofthis.Itbuilds13(whichmakesthembelieveinthemselvesmore).”

Asateacher,Leighasawhow14itwastoshowherstudentstheimportanceofshowingthemselvesandwantedtomakethe15ofallcolorsbetterandbetter.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,介绍一个老师为了博得学生的信任,特意剪了一个与之一样的发型,并且在网上获得广泛关注。1.A.drawing B.wearing C.pulling D.dressing【解析】选B。句意:最近,她留意到一个学生留着一个新颖 的发型。draw吸引,画;wear穿戴;pull拉;dress穿衣。依据后文可知,是学生的新颖 发型让LeighaBishop也做了同样的发型,故选B。2.A.praised B.criticized C.treated D.helped【解析】选A。句意:她立刻赞许了学生。praise赞扬;criticize指责;treat对待;help帮助。依据前文LeighaBishopisalwaysfindingnewwaystoencourageherstudents.可知,LeighaBishop激励学生,因而赞扬学生的特性行为,故选A。3.A.puzzling B.laughingC.joking D.treating【解析】选C。句意:但是学生认为老师在开玩笑。puzzle怀疑;laugh大笑;joke开玩笑;treat对待。依据后文Shedidn’tbelieveme,sosherespondednothing可知,LeighaBishop的行为没有起到预期的效果,适得其反,故选C。4.A.sadness B.surpriseC.worry D.disappointment【解析】选B。句意:让这个学生惊异的是,LeighaBishop其次天留着同样的发型来到学校。sadness哀痛;surprise惊异;worry担忧;disappointment悲观。依据文章可知,Leigha为了让学生信任她,做了一个与学生一模一样的发型,因此学生很惊异,故选B。5.A.awkward B.positiveC.alike D.exact【解析】选D。awkward令人尴尬的;positive主动的;alike像;exact精确的,准确的。依据文章可知,Leigha为了让学生信任她,做了一个一模一样的发型,故选D。6.A.funny B.familiarC.different D.similar【解析】选D。句意:由于我学生的发型与我的相像,我认为展示她让我感觉挺不错的更好的方式就是留一个相同的编顶结发型。funny好玩的;familiar熟识的;different不同的;similar相像的。依据文章可知,Leigha为了让学生信任她,留了一个相同的发型,故选D。7.A.playedapartin B.tookadvantageofC.fellinlovewith D.cameupwith【解析】选B。句意:Leigha利用做发型的机会来激励学生。playapartin起作用;takeadvantageof利用;fallinlovewith爱上;comeupwith想出。故选B。8.A.mentioned B.replacedC.evaluated D.examined【解析】选C。句意:当学生们因为他们自身而不是仅仅因为报告单上的成果被评价时,他们将会想去学校,同时想在生活中有所成就。mention提及;replace代替;evaluate评估;examine检查。故选C。9.A.achieve B.wanderC.please D.demand【解析】选A。achieve胜利,获得,实现;wander漫游;please使……兴奋;demand要求。依据文章可知,学生们都想获得胜利,故选A。10.A.wish B.responsibilityC.possibility D.problem【解析】选C。句意:仿照学生的发型这一小小的举动也说明白学生有可能启发老师。wish愿望;responsibility责任;possibility可能性;problem问题。故选C。11.A.hairstyles B.homeworkC.clothes D.fashion【解析】选A。hairstyles发型;homework家庭作业;clothes衣服;fashion时尚。依据文章可知,本文谈论发型,故选A。12.A.forgotabout B.setaboutC.paidattentionto D.wrotedown【解析】选D。句意:这个帖子传播得很快,许多人都写下他们的想法。forgetabout遗忘;setabout着手;payattentionto留意到;writedown写下。依据本句可知,帖子传播很快,许多人写评论,故选D。13.A.confidence B.companiesC.houses D.strength【解析】选A。句意:我们须要更多像这样的东西,它建立了信念。confidence自信;companies公司;houses房子;strength力气。依据括号内的说明可知选A。14.A.embarrassed B.toughC.important D.wonderful【解析】选C。句意:作为一个老师,Leigha让学生能够明白展示自己是多么重要,同时也想让各种肤色的学生变得越来越好。embarrassed尴尬的;tough困难的;important重要的;wonderful奇妙的。依据文章可知,本文主要讲解并描述学生新颖 发型的事情,对此老师是认可的,故选C。15.A.countries B.teachersC.schools D.students【解析】选D。country国家;teacher老师;school学校;student学生。依据文章可知,本文讲解并描述学校里面留发型的事情,与学生有关。故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Airpollutionisakiller.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysitkillsaboutsevenmillionpeoplearoundtheworldeachyear.Evenif1.(pollute)airdoesnotkillyou,itcanmakeyouverysick.Breathingindirtyair2.(frequent)maydogreatharmtoyourbody,3.________canalsoaffectyourbrainandyourability4.(think).Anewstudyshowsthatairpollutioncancauseahugedecreaseinyour5.(intelligent).Theresearchersreportedthatlongtermsufferingairpollutioncanaffectaperson’smentalabilitiesintwo6.(area):languageandmath.

Theresearchersstudiedabout25,000people