高中英语外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 6 Period 4　Developing ideas-Reading comprehension

Period4Developingideas—ReadingcomprehensionⅠ.匹配单词(请把单词和其对应的英语解释连线)1．via A．apersonwhoistryingtobeelectedorisapplyingforajob2．candidate B．exactlywhatitappearstobe;notartificial3．advertise C．approvalorsupportforsb/sth4．genuine D．bymeansofaparticularperson，system，etc.5．favour E．totellthepublicaboutaproductoraservicetoencouragepeopletobuyit答案1.D2.A3.E4.B5.CⅡ.选词填空eq\x(highlighttheimportanceof，bemadeupof，underthreatfrom，infavourof，becomeawareof)1．ThenewplayADistantVillageismadeupoffourparts，eachofwhichisveryfascinating.2．Asanapplicant，itisagoodideatohighlighttheimportanceofyourworkingexperienceinyourtoday’sapplicationform.3．Itwasn’tuntilherfriendwasbadlyhurtthatKerrybecameawareofherhabitoffindingfault.4．Thisuniqueanddelicateplaceisnowunderthreatfrompollutionandclimatechange.Ⅰ.Fast-readingformainideasMatchthemainideaaccordingtothepassage.Para.1A．AnintroductionoftheGreatBarrierReef.Para.2B．Therequirementsanddutiesofthejob.Para.3C．Thecallforthejobattractedinterestfromallovertheworld.Para.4D．Therealmeaningoftheeye-catchingjoboffer.Para.5E．Howtoapplyforthejob.Para.6F．TheeffortsthatBenmadetoprotecttheGreatBarrierReef.答案Para.1BPara.2CPara.3APara.4EPara.5FPara.6DⅡ.Careful-readingfordetailsActivity1细节把握1．WhichisNOTneededtodoforanislandcaretakeroftheGreatBarrierReef?A．Exploringtheislandsofthereef.B．Callingonpeopletoraisefundforit.C．Reportingbackviablogs，photodiariesandvideoupdates.D．Promotingtheislandsthroughnewspapers，magazinesandTVinterviews.答案B2．WhatisspecialabouttheGreatBarrierReef?A．Itisthelargestlivingthingontheplanet.B．Ithasahistoryof25thousandyears.C．Itismadeupofdeadcoral.D．Itcanbeseenfromthemoon.答案A3．WhatproblemistheGreatBarrierReeffacedwith?A．Lackoftourists.B．Naturaldisaster.C．Pollutionandclimatechange.D．Disappearanceoftheislands.答案C4．WhatdidBenmeanbysaying“notasthe‘best’，butthe‘busiestjobintheworld’”？A．Hedidn’tlovethejobactually.B．Hethoughtitwouldnotbesuchabusyjob.C．Hewantedtoadvertiseforonetoreplacehim.D．Hemeantitisnotasimplycommonjob.答案D5．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutBen?A．Hetookphotosandwrotearticlesaboutthereef.B．Heappearedontelevisionmanytimes.C．Heworkedasahostforonechannel.D．HetoldjokesonTV.答案DActivity2深层理解1．Whatgenreisthisarticle?A．Narrativewriting.B．Argumentativewriting.C．Advertisement.D．Expositorywriting.答案D2．WhichwordscanbeusedtodescribeBen?A．Generousandbrave.B．Caringandconsiderate.C．Qualifiedandhumorous.D．Patientandhelpful.答案C3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toattractpeopletoworkandliveontheisland.B．TomakepeopleknowthebeautythereandprotecttheGreatBarrierReef.C．Toadvertisetoemploymoreemployees.D．TogiveBenmoresalarytokeephimthere.答案B4．Completethestructureofthepassage.Activity1课文语法填空Thecallforanjobcaretakerattractedinterestformallovertheworld.Thejobrequiresyoutospendsixmonths1.living(live)onanislandandlookingaftertheGreatBarrierReef.Theworkinghoursareflexibleand2.accommodation(accommodate)isprovided.Keydutiesincludeexploringtheislandsofthereefand3.finding(find)outwhattheareahastooffer.You’llneedtoreportback4.viaweeklyblogs，photodiariesandvideoupdates.TheGreatBarrierReefisthe5.largest(large)livingthingontheplanet,6.located(locate)offthecoastofNorth-eastAustralia.Itishosttomanyspeciesofbirdsandseacreatures.Butit’snowunderthreatfrompollutionandclimatechange.Thousandsof7.applicants(applicant)appliedforthejob.8.Eventually(eventual)，thejobwasofferedtoBenSouthallfromtheUK.Hedidalotduringhistimeasanislandcaretakerinfavourofitsdefence.Whetheritwas9.agenuinejobofferoraneye-catchingmarketingeventisn’treallyimportant.Themostimportantthingwas10.thatpeopleallovertheworldbecameawareofthebeautyoftheoceaninthearea.What’smore，theycametounderstandthedelicatebalancethattheenvironmentexistsinandwhatcan，andmust，bedonetoprotectthereef.Activity2长难句理解1．Keydutiesincludeexploringtheislandsofthereefandfindingoutwhattheareahastooffer.[句式分析]此句是一个复合句，句子的主语是duties，谓语是include，what引导宾语从句。[自主翻译]你的主要职责包括探索大堡礁的各个岛屿，探寻当地的自然资源。2．Themostimportantthingwasthatpeopleallovertheworldbecameawareofthebeautyoftheoceaninthearea.[句式分析]此句是一个复合句，that引导表语从句。[自主翻译]最重要的是，全世界都认识到了这片大海的美丽。3．What’smore，theycametounderstandthedelicatebalancethattheenvironmentexistsinandwhatcan，andmust，bedonetoprotectthereef.[句式分析]此句是一个复合句，thattheenvironmentexistsin为that引导的定语从句，what引导的宾语从句作understand的宾语。[自主翻译]而且，人们还意识到环境存在于微妙的平衡之中，也知道了人类能够且必须采取什么行动来保护大堡礁。Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022·河南濮阳高二期末)Jellyfish(水母)arebadlynamed.Theyareneitherafishnormadeofjelly.Instead，theirbodiesaremadeupof95%waterand5%solidmatter.Theyhavebeeninexistenceforatleasthalfabillionyears.Therefore，theyareolderthandinosaurs.Surprisingly，theydon’thaveabrain，aheart，orlungs.Youmaywonderhowtheycanpossiblysurvivewithoutthesevitalorgans，buteverythingisforthebest.Theydon’thavelungsbecausetheirskinissothinthattheycanabsorboxygenthroughit.Theydon’tneedahearttopumpbloodbecausetheydon’thaveany.Andtheyhaveanervenet—whichissensitivetotouch—belowtheirouterskin.Theyrespondtothechangesintheirenvironmentusingsignalsfromthenervenet，sotheydon’tneedabraintoprocesscomplexthoughts.Theirvarietyisnearlyendless.Mostofthemareumbrella-shapedandhavetentacles(触角)．Somejellyfishhaveverylongtentacles.However，theynevergettangled(缠结)uporsting(蜇)themselves.That’sbecausethetentaclesareveryslipperyandwillonlystingotheranimals.Mostjellyfishhavelittleornovision，buttheycandiscoverlightandoceancurrents，whichhelpsthemfindtheirwayandmove.Afewspeciescanalsorecognizecolorandhavea360-degreeviewoftheirenvironment.Jellyfishcomeinallsizes，from0.5millimeterstothegiantNomura’sjellyfish，whichcanmeasureuptotwometersindiameterandweighover200kilograms.Whilejellyfisharebeautiful，theycanalsobedangerous.Somejellyfishtoxins(毒素)canbedeadlytohumans，suchasthosefromtheboxjellyfishandtheAustralianIrukandji，butdeathsarerelativelyraregiventhenumberofjellyfish-stingvictimseveryyear.Inanycase，it’sbettertostayoutofthewayofanyjellyfishyoumaysee!Youcangoswimmingwithdolphins，butyoudefinitelywanttothinktwicebeforeswimmingwithjellyfish.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种在地球上生存长达5亿年的海洋生物——水母。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“everythingisforthebest”inparagraph1mean?A．Oceancreatureswithoutvitalorgansdon’tlielong.B．Jellyfishlivejustfinewithwhattheynaturallyhave.C．Jellyfishliveintheoceanbecauseeverythingissuitable.D．Thenumerousoceanspeciesmakelifeprettyeasyforjellyfish.答案B解析句意理解题。根据第一段“theydon’thaveabrain，aheart，orlungs...but”可猜测，“everythingisforthebest”意味着水母在没有各种器官的自然条件下生活得很好。故选B项。2．Howlonghavejellyfishlivedonourplanet?A．Morethan500,000,000years.B．Atleast5,000,000,000years.C．Roughly50,000,000years.D．Lessthan5,000,000years.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theyhavebeeninexistenceforatleasthalfabillionyears.”可知，水母在地球上生活超过了5亿年。故选A项。3．WhichofthefollowingtopicsaboutjellyfishisNOTmentionedinthetext?A．Theirsize.B．Theirtoxicity.C．Theirdiets.D．Theirappearance.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mostofthemareumbrella-shapedandhavetentacles(触角)．Somejellyfishhaveverylongtentacles.”以及第三段中“Jellyfishcomeinallsizes...Somejellyfishtoxins(毒素)canbedeadlytohumans”可知，文章分别提到了水母的外观、尺寸和有毒的特性，并没有提到水母的饮食方面的内容。故选C项。4．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．TheOldestCreatureintheWorldB．Jellyfish—BeautifulandDangerousC．HaveFunSwimmingwithJellyfishD．HowJellyfishSurvivedDinosaurs答案B解析标题归纳题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Whilejellyfisharebeautiful，theycanalsobedangerous.”可知，虽然水母很漂亮，但它们也可能很危险。故选B项。B(2022·江苏常州高二期末)Environmentalstressorsthatpushhoneybeestobeginsearchingfoodearlierinlifecancauseadominoeffectonhives(蜂巢)，quickeningtheirsuddencollapse，anewstudysuggests.Thestudyshowedthattoomanyyoungbeesleavingthehivecancauseatippingpointinthetightsocietyofahive，leadingtocolony(群体)collapsewithinweeks.“Therewasasuggestionthattherewassometypeofdifferencebetweenprecociousforagers(觅食者)andnormalagedforagers，”saidPerry，amolecularbiologistClintPerryofQueenMaryUniversity.Soresearcherssetupexperimentalhivesthatwouldineffectforcebeestobeginforagingearlier.Theyalsotrackedbeesinanormalhive，wheresocialrolesareregulated，keepingagegroupsinbalance.Coloniesregularlyprotectagainstunexpectedhighlossofforagersbysendingbeesoutearlier，buttheyrapidlyreturntostability.Butifdeathrateroughlydoubled，themodelshowed，thecolonywouldbelockedinanegativefeedbackcircleofmoreyoungbeesforagingatyoungerages，leadingtolessstoredfoodandfewerbabybees.“Sincetheyoungerbeesarenotasgoodatit，theyaregoingtodiesooner，andthey’regoingtonotbebringingbackasmuchfood，therebycausingmoreyoungerbeestogoout，andmoreyoungerbeestonotdoaswell，andthatwillcausecontinuousfeedbackthatwilldestroythecolonyinashorttime，”saidPerry.Theresearchersarecontinuingtheirexperimentsandhopetocomeupwithwaystoidentifyacolonyatriskofcollapse.“Thepriorityisfindingwaysthatwecanidentifycoloniesatriskoffailureasearlyaspossiblesowecaninterveneanddowhateverweneedtosupportthemandtohelphealthemselves，”saidPerry.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，迫使蜜蜂在生命早期开始寻找食物的环境压力可能会对蜂巢造成多米诺骨牌效应，加速它们的突然崩溃。5．Whatcausesahivetocollapsemorequickly?A．Tootightasocietyofit.B．Toomanybeesinit.C．Highlossofyoungforagers.D．Highpressurefromotherbees.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，太多的年轻蜜蜂离开蜂巢，会导致蜂群很快崩溃。故选C。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“precocious”inparagraph3mean?A．Uncommonlyearly.B．Abnormal.C．Easilydamaged.D．Dynamic.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Therewasasuggestionthattherewassometypeofdifferencebetweenprecociousforagers(觅食者)andnormalagedforagers”可知，precocious是形容词，和后面的形容词“normalaged”(正常年龄的)构成对比，所以意思应该是“早熟的”，和选项A意思一致。故选A。7．Whatwouldhappentothecolonyiftwicetheforagersdied?A．Thecolonywouldhealitself.B．Thecolonywouldgetexpanded.C．Moreyoungbeeswouldbefreeofrisk.D．Moreyoungbeeswouldbesenttoseekfood.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段的“Butifdeathrateroughlydoubled，themodelshowed，thecolonywouldbelockedinanegativefeedbackcircleofmoreyoungbeesforagingatyoungerages，leadingtolessstoredfoodandfewerbabybees.”可知，如果死亡率翻倍的话，更多的年轻蜜蜂将会在更年轻的时候被派出去觅食。故选D。8．What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?A．Toaskforjointefforts.B．Tointroduceaphenomenon.C．Toexpresshisemotions.D．Tocommentonastudy.答案A解析写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是想让更多的人参与进来，共同努力，找到方法，能够尽早识别面临风险的蜂巢群体，这样就可以进行干预，并采取一切必要措施支持它们，帮助它们自愈。故选A。CHoKhanhisamiddle-agedfarmer，livinginavillageontheedgeofPhongNha-KeBangNationalParkinVietnam.WhatisspecialabouthimisthathehasdiscoveredSonDoong，thelargestcaveintheworld.“Ifirstfoundthecaveaboutthirtyyearsago，in1991，”hesays.“Iwasoutcollectingfirewoodnearthenationalpark.Myfamilywereverypoor，soIdecidedtogodeeperintotheforesttofindsomealoe，whichisveryvaluable.Notmanypeoplewentthatfarintotheforestbecausetheywereafraidofthewildanimals.”SoonKhanhlosthisway.“Isatdownwithmybacktoahugeroundrock，”hesays.“ThenIheardthesoundofastrongwindandrunningwatercomingfrombehindme.”Hefoundtheentrancetoahugecave，withawiderivercomingoutofit.Khanhthoughthewaswalkingintoagreatcave.Withnoropesorlights，hedidnotgofurtherintoit.Khanh’sstoryspreadlikewildfire，butnoteveryonebelievedhim.“IwantedtoprovethatIwastellingthetruth，butIcouldn’trememberthewaytothecave.”Thenonemorningearlyinthewinterof2006，agroupofcaversfromBritaincametoaskKhanhforhelp，astheyhadheardabouthisdiscoveryfifteenyearsbefore.Khanhagreedtohelptheteamtofindthecave，butafterthreedaysinthejungle，theylosttheirway.“Ijustcouldn’trememberwhereitwas，”hesays.Theteamcamebacktwice，buteachtimetheywerebeatenbythethickjungle.Finallythecaversleft.In2009，Khanhheadedtothejungleonecoldwinter’smorning.“Istoppedbyabigroundrock，”hesays.“Therewasthesamestrongwind，thesoundofwaterrunning—IknewI’dfoundthecaveatlonglast.”SoontheBritishcaversreturnedandfollowedKhanhonasix-hourtripdeepintothejungle.OnApril14theyfoundSonDoong.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了越南农民HoKhanh发现世界上最大洞穴“韩松洞”的经过。9．HoKhanhfirstdiscoveredSonDoongwhenhewas.A．lookingforaloeB．collectingfirewoodC．catchingsomeanimalsD．cuttingdowntreesintheforest答案A解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“Myfamilywereverypoor，soIdecidedtogodeeperintotheforesttofindsomealoe...”可知，HoKhanh进入森林深处是想找些芦荟，结果碰巧发现了“韩松洞”，故选A项。10．WhatdidtheBritishcaversthinkofHoKhanh’sstory?A．Theydoubtedit.B．Theybelievedit.C．Theywereuncertainofit.D．Theyhadlittleinterestinit.答案B解析推理判断题。由第四段中的“agroupofcaversfromBritaincametoaskKhanhforhelp”可知，这些来自英国的探察洞穴者相信HoKhanh的故事，故选B项。11．HowlongdidittakeforHoKhanhtofindSonDoongagain?A．Oneyear.B．Threeyears.C．Fifteenyears.D．Eighteenyears.答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“Ifirstfoundthecaveaboutthirtyyearsago，in1991”和最后一段中的“In2009，Khanhheadedtothejungleonecoldwinter’smorning...foundthecaveatlonglast...”可知，HoKhanh再次找到“韩松洞”是在18年之后，故选D项。12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．HowSonDoongwasdiscovered.B．HowSonDoonggotitsname.C．AyoungfarmerinVietnam.D．AnationalparkinVietnam.答案A解析主旨大意题。由全文内容尤其是第一段末句“WhatisspecialabouthimisthathehasdiscoveredSonDoong，thelargestcaveintheworld.”可知，文章主要讲述了越南农民HoKhanh发现世界上最大的洞穴“韩松洞”的经过。故选A项。Ⅱ.七选五(2022·广东东莞高二期末)Imaginetakingavoyagetothedeepestpartoftheocean.Whattypesofthingwouldyouexpecttosee?Wouldyouseefamiliaranimalsandplantsorfindstrangeandnewones?Scientistskeeplookingfornewspeciesandnewfacts.1.DivingdeepintheoceanThedeepocean,1,000metersbelowthesurface，isfreezingcold.What’sworse，thewaterpressurecanharmyouifyoudon’thaveprotectivedeviceson.Therefore，deepdiverswearspecialdivingsuitstoprotectthemselvesfromthewaterpressure.2，someofwhichhaverobotarmsthatcancollectsamplesofwater，soil，andsmallanimalsunderwater.UsingsatellitesfortrackingSatellitesupinspacecan