国际交往中心城市指数2024英文版-50正式版-WN8

德勤中国国际交往中心研究院InstituteofInternationalExchangeCentersDeloitteChinaInternationalExchangeCentersIndex2024Contents1.NewChangesinInternationalExchangeActivitiesinthePost-PandemicEra11.1MultipleChallengestoInternationalExchangePosedbytheCOVID-19PandemicandGeopoliticalConflicts21.2NewFeaturesoftheInternationalEconomicSituationandGlobalizationLandscape21.3NewOpportunitiesforInternationalExchangeActivitiesBroughtbytheWaveofDigitalTechnology22.EvaluationFramework32.1EvaluationFrameworkandKeyDimensions42.2OptimizationoftheEvaluationIndicatorSystem52.3AdjustmentstoEvaluationTargets83.OverallCharacteristicsofInternationalExchangeCentersin2024103.1ComprehensiveRankings113.2GeneralCharacteristicsandNewFeaturesofInternationalExchangeCenters124.Attractiveness165.Influence2331376.Connectivity7.NewTrendsintheDevelopmentofInternationalExchangeCenters8.ConclusionandOutlook39Appendix1OverallRankingsandRankingsofFirst-levelIndicators41Appendix2RankingsofSecond-levelIndicatorsofAttractivenessAppendix3RankingsofSecond-levelIndicatorsofInfluenceAppendix4RankingsofSecond-levelIndicatorsofConnectivity424344AbstractInthecontemporaryera,theglobalpoliticalandeconomiclandscapeisundergoingnewchanges,andthedevelopmentofinternationalexchangecentersisshowingnewcharacteristics.TheInternationalExchangeCentersIndex2024reportisproducedbytheChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,TsinghuaUniversity(THU-CIDP)incollaborationwithDeloitteChina,basedontheoreticalresearchanddataanalysisconductedbythejointresearchteam.Againstthebackdropofglobalpost-pandemicrecovery,theIndextakesintoaccountfeaturesofthetimesuchasgeopoliticalconflictsandtechnologicalrevolutionstodepictthenewcharacteristicsofinternationalexchangeactivitiesinthepost-pandemicera.Itaccuratelygraspsthenewtrendsintheevolutionofinternationalexchangecenters,offeringguidanceforpromotingtheinternationaldevelopmentandenhancingtheinternationalexchangefunctionsofmajorcitiesworldwide.TheIndexfollowsthetheoreticalsystem,indicatorframework,pandemicandenhancinginternationalinfluence.Forinstance,andtechnicalmethodsofthefirsteditionoftheInternationaltherapidincreaseinInternetspeedinShanghaiandBeijingExchangeCentersIndexreleasedin2023.Adjustmentsandhassignificantlyimprovedthecities’digitalconnectivitywithoptimizationweremadetotheevaluationmethodsofsometheinternationalcommunity.Thirdly,geopoliticalconflictsandindicators,andsixnewcities—Brussels,Stockholm,Istanbul,regionaldisputeshaveweakenedtheinternationalexchangeRiodeJaneiro,Cairo,andJohannesburg—wereaddedascapacityofsomecitieslikeMoscow,whileenhancingtheroleofevaluationobjects,withthegoalofmorecomprehensivelyandothercitieslikeBeijing,Cairo,andParisinfacilitatinginternationalaccuratelydepictingthedevelopmentcharacteristicsoftypicaldiplomaticmediation.Asaresult,internationalexchangecentersinternationalexchangecenters.areincreasinglybecomingstrategichubsattheforefrontofgeopoliticsandotherdiscourseonglobalpublicaffairs.ThereportalsoanalyzesanddiscernsnewtrendsintheAccordingtotheevaluation,London,Paris,NewYork,HongKong,Singapore,Seoul,Beijing,Tokyo,Madrid,andSanFranciscorankamongthetoptencitiesinthecomprehensiveranking,whichdevelopmentofinternationalexchangecentersfromthreeremainsgenerallystablecomparedtothepreviousreport,withdimensions:attractiveness,influence,andconnectivity.Itslightchangesinsomecities.Londonstillranksfirst.ParishasdelvesintokeytopicssuchasthesignificanceofurbansecuritysurpassedNewYorktorisetosecondplace.HongKonghasandbusinessenvironmenttocities,thevalueofinternationalsurpassedSingaporeandSeoultorisetofourthplace,althoughorganizationsandinnovationcapabilitiestocities,andthethescoresofthesethreecitiesareclose.BeijingandTokyoimpactofdigitaltechnologyonurbantransformation.remaininseventhandeighthplaces,respectively,unchangedLookingahead,internationalexchangecentersfromthepreviousreport.Madrid’srankinghasimprovedbythreeplacestoninth,makingitsfirstappearanceinthetopten.Thereportrevealssomenewcharacteristicsofinternationalareundergoingthetestofthevicissitudesofthetimes.Wehopethatinternationalexchangecentersinthepost-pandemicera.Firstly,citiesexchangecenterscancontinuetoserveasthathaverecoveredfromthepandemicmorequicklyhavebondsandplatformsconnectingcountriesexperiencedarelativelyfasterriseintherankings,especiallyaroundtheworld,contributingtobridgingthosethathavemadesignificantprogressinrestoringinternationaldirectflightsandincreasingthenumberofinbounddifferencesandachievingcommonpeaceandtourists,suchasDubai,Madrid,andHongKong.Secondly,prosperityforall!digitalconnectivityiscrucialforoffsettingtheimpactsoftheListofMembersoftheExpertCommitteeandtheResearchGroupMembersoftheExpertCommitteeYangWeiminMemberoftheStandingCommitteeofthe13thChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC)NationalFormerDeputyDirectoroftheOfficeoftheCentralLeadingGroupforFinanceandEconomicsCommittee,Vice-chairmanoftheCommitteeonEconomicAffairsoftheCPPCCNationalCommittee,JiangXiaojuanProfessorattheUniversityofChineseAcademyofSocialSciencesFormerDeputySecretary-GeneraloftheStateCouncilXueLanDistinguishedProfessorofArts,HumanitiesandSocialSciences,TsinghuaUniversityandDeanofSchwarzmanCollege,TsinghuaUniversityLiShantongFormerHeadandSeniorResearchFellowoftheDepartmentofDevelopmentStrategyandRegionalEconomyoftheDevelopmentResearchCenteroftheStateCouncilResearchGroupLeaderDeputyResearchGroupLeaderYangYonghengDeputyDeanofChinaInstituteforDevelopmentDongYuExecutiveAssociateDeanofChinaInstituteforPlanning,TsinghuaUniversity,andProfessorofDevelopmentPlanning,TsinghuaUniversity,SchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,TsinghuaandResearchfellowofInstituteforNationalUniversityGovernanceandGlobalGovernance,TsinghuaUniversityNormanSzePencePengDeloitteChinaViceChairResearchGroupMembersLiZhiChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,Partner,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityCongExchangeCentersGongPuChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,TracyMaPartner,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityFeijunExchangeCentersBiShiyaoSunXiaoYuHanyingZhuSiyaoJinShiyaoWangLingyiLiTianruiSchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,LydiaChenLanPartner,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityExchangeCentersSchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,WangxinPartner,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityExchangeCentersSchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,JohnnyZhangPartner,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityXiangfanExchangeCentersSchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,LilyJiFangPartner,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityExchangeCentersChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,ChaoSongIanZhaoLeiEstherZengDirector,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityExchangeCentersChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,Director,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityExchangeCentersChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,Manager,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityYuemingExchangeCentersReportAuthorYangYonghengDeputyDeanofChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,TsinghuaUniversity,andProfessorofSchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,TsinghuaUniversityGongPuDirectorofAcademicResearchDepartment,ChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,TsinghuaUniversity,andAssistantProfessorofSchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,TsinghuaUniversityAssistantDeanofChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,TsinghuaUniversityDirector,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalExchangeCentersLiZhiIanZhaoLei1.NewChangesinInternationalExchangeActivitiesinthePost-PandemicEra1.NewChangesinInternationalExchangeActivitiesinthePost-PandemicEraToday’sworldischaracterizedbyrevivalandreconstruction,wherecompetitionandcooperationcoexist,withthecontinuousemergenceoftechnologyandclashofcivilizationspromptingdeepreflectionamonghumanity.Internationalexchangecentersareplayingincreasinglysignificantrolesinaddressingcommonchallengesfacinghumanity,promotingglobaldevelopment,andfacilitatingculturalexchangesandmutuallearning.However,theyarealsofacingmorecomplexandvolatileglobalpoliticalandeconomiclandscapesandnewchallengesinglobalization,necessitatingrapidadaptationandadjustments.1InternationalExchangeCentersIndex20241.1MultipleChallengestoInternational1.3NewOpportunitiesforInternationalExchangeExchangePosedbytheCOVID-19PandemicandActivitiesBroughtbytheWaveofDigitalGeopoliticalConflictsTechnologyIn2023,theworldeconomyovercametheimpactoftheTechnologicaladvancementsanddigitaldevelopmenthaveCOVID-19pandemic,achievingaslowrecovery.Inthepost-profoundimpactsonthecontentandformsofinternationalpandemicera,thegloballandscapeisundergoingprofoundexchanges.Onlineinternationalcommunicationsthatbecamechanges,withgeopoliticalsecurityissuesbecomingmoreprevalentduringthepandemiccontinuetosustain,withtheprominent.TheUN-centeredmultilateralgovernancesystemhasfrequencyofsuchinteractionsincreasingduetothewidespreadbeenseverelyweakened,andinternationalrelationshavebeenuseofonlinemeetings,instantmessaging,andsocialmedia.Theinfluencedbyideologicaldistractions,leadingtotheemergencebreakthroughingenerativeartificialintelligencehashadcomplexofblocsandcamps.Theintensificationofgeopoliticalconflictsandfar-reachingimpactsonsocialinteractions,exacerbatingthehasunderscoredtheimportanceofdiplomaticmediationanddigitaldivideandintelligentdividefacedbydevelopingcountries.multilateralcoordination.Morethanever,countriesaspireSomecountriesaredrawinglinesonideologicalgrounds,usingtosolutionstoglobalsecuritychallengesandsharedhumantechnologicalmonopoliesandunilateralrestrictivemeasurestodevelopment,whichfurtherhighlightsthesignificanceandrolecreatedevelopmentbarriers,andmanipulatingpublicopinionofinternationalexchangecenters.withAIstrengths,furthercomplicatingthepredicamentofdevelopingcountries.Itisasharedexpectationoftheglobalcommunity,especiallytheGlobalSouthcountries,thatdigital1.2NewFeaturesoftheInternationalEconomictechnologyandAIcanbetterempowerglobalcommonSituationandGlobalizationLandscapedevelopment.Exchangeofideasonhumanitiesandculturesremainsacoredrivingforceforglobalprogress,andthetrendThepandemichassignificantlyimpactedcross-borderpersonnelofculturalexchangewillnotchange.Theprospectofdigitalmobilityandinternationaltransportation,leadingtoaslowtechnologyempoweringinternationalexchangesandfacilitatingrecoveryofglobalconsumption.Foreign-relatedindustrieslikeexchangeamongcivilizationsispromising.internationaltourism,hotelscateringtointernationalguests,Placingitsresearchinthebackgroundinternationalbusinessservicesandexhibitionshavebeengreatlyaffected.Internationaltradehasbeenincreasinglyinfluencedoftheworldeconomy’sslowrecoverybynon-economicfactors,withclosereconomictiesbetweenfromtheCOVID-19pandemic,theUkrainetheUnitedStatesandEuropeandthereshoringoftransnationalsupplychainstodevelopedcountriesandtheirneighboringcrisis,andotherimpacts,theInternationalregions.Theglobalresourceallocationmodel,formedthroughExchangeCentersIndex2024aimstostudythedecades-longglobalizationprocess,stillholdssignificantthenewcharacteristicsofinternationaladvantages.Inthepost-pandemicera,thetransnationalflowofcapital,technology,andtalentisgraduallyrecovering,andexchangeactivitiesinthepost-pandemicera,attemptstoerectbarrierscannotalterthehistoricaltrendofcomprehensivelyandaccuratelygrasptheglobaleconomicdevelopment.newtrendsintheevolutionofcitiesservingasinternationalexchangecenters,therebyofferingreferenceonpromotinginternationaldevelopmentandenhancinginternationalexchangefunctionsofmajorcitiesworldwide.22.TheoreticalModelandEvaluationFramework2.EvaluationFramework3InternationalExchangeCentersIndex20242.1EvaluationFrameworkandKeyDimensionsInternationalexchangecentersneedtohaveatleastthreebasicfunctions:(1)Toattractandgatherinternationalhigh-Internationalexchangecentersareglobalorregionalcentralenddevelopmentelements.(2)Toexertsignificantinfluenceincitiescapableofconnectingandservingtheworld,globalaffairssuchasdiplomacy,globalgovernance,economicattractinginternationalhigh-endelements,andplayingdevelopment,sci-techinnovation,aswellascultureandsignificantrolesinglobalaffairs.Theyarekeynodesandeducation.(3)Toconnectandservetheworld.hubplatformsinthedynamicnetworkofinternationalexchanges.TheessenceofinternationalexchangecentersliesBasedontheaboveunderstanding,theIndexretainstheinthreeaspects:theirabilityandpotentialtopromoteglobalthreefirst-levelindicators—Attractiveness,Influence,andpolitical,economic,technological,andculturalexchanges;theirConnectivity—toevaluatethedevelopmentstatusandinfluenceandcontributionstoglobaldevelopment,internationalpotentialofinternationalexchangecentersfromtheperspectivesaffairs,andhumancivilization;andtheircapabilitiestoaggregateofconcentrationoffactors,reachofinfluence,andandallocateglobalresources,aswellasinstitutions,platforms,connectivity.TheevaluationframeworkisshowninFigure1.andrulessupportingsuchcapabilities.Figure1EvaluationFrameworkInternationalexchangecenterLivabilityInternationalaffairsSci-techinnovationBusiness-friendlinessCareer-friendlinessTourism-friendlinessEconomicdevelopmentCultureandeducationAttractivenessInfluenceInflowSpillovereffectCityACityDCityBCityCConnectivityTransportconnectionDigitalnetworkBusinesscommunication42.TheoreticalModelandEvaluationFrameworkThekeydimensionsisshowninFigure2.Figure2KeyDimensionsAttractivenessInfluenceConnectivityLivabilityInternationalaffairsSci-techinnovationTransportconnectionDigitalnetworkBusiness-friendlinessCareer-friendlinessTourism-friendlinessEconomicdevelopmentCultureandeducationBusinesscommunicationAttractivenessreferstotheconditionsthatattractglobalwiththeworld,whichisunderpinnedbylogisticsinfrastructurehumancapital,physicalcapitalandotherhigh-endfactor(transportconnection),digitalinfrastructure(digitalnetwork),asresourcestothecity.Internationalexchangecentercitiesoftenwellasinformationandpersonnelexchangeplatforms(businesspossesscertainallureor“magnetism”thatmakesthemmorecommunication),amongothers.Thesefactorsarealsoessentialattractivetoglobalhigh-endtalent,internationalenterprisesforacitytoengageininternationalexchanges,enhanceitsandoverseastourists.Intermsofattractiveness,aninternationalattractiveness,andshowinfluence.exchangecentercityshouldatleastbeadesirableplacetolive(livability),togetajoborstartabusiness(career-friendliness),to2.2OptimizationoftheEvaluationIndicatorinvestandengageinbusinessactivities(business-friendliness),Systemandtotravelandshop(tourism-friendliness).InfluencereferstothepotentialtoplayakeyroleinallocatingTheIndexfollowstheprinciplesof“science-baseddesign,resourcesandleadingdevelopmentinregionalorglobalsimplecomposition,datacomparabilityandpracticalpolitical,economic,scientific,technologicalandculturalfields.guidance”andbuildsupontheevaluationsystemoftheInternationalexchangecentersareoftendriversofeconomicpreviousreport.Adjustmentshavebeenmadetosomethird-development,sourcesofsci-techinnovations,magnetsforlevelindicatorsundersecond-leveldimensionstooptimizeinternationalorganizations,andcontributorstotheprogressindicatormeasurementandenhancethereliabilityandofhumancivilizations.Intermsofinfluence,aninternationalvalidityoftheindicatorsystem.Themainadjustedindicatorsexchangecentercityshouldatleastbeabletoparticipateinincludeseventhird-levelindicatorsunderfivesecond-internationalaffairs(internationalaffairs),leadsci-techinnovationleveldimensions:livability,tourism-friendliness,sci-(sci-techinnovation),driveglobaleconomicdevelopmenttechinnovation,cultureandeducation,andtransport(economicdevelopment)andshowcasetheachievementsofconnection.Thespecificadjustmentsareasfollows:humancivilizations(cultureandeducation).(1)AdjustmenttotheLivabilityIndicatorConnectivityreferstothescopeandintensityofinterconnectivitybetweenacityandtherestoftheworld.Thethird-levelindicatorofmurderratehasbeenupdatedInternationalexchangecenters,whichtendtopossessstrongtocrimerateindex.Whilethemurderrateisanimportantcapabilitiesinglobalconnectionandcommunication,serveindicatorandisrepresentativeofacity’ssecuritylevel,itisashubsforlinkingtheirrespectivecountrieswiththerestofnotcompleteandadequate.The2024Indexincorporatesthetheworld.Theconnectivityofacityismainlyaboutitslinkagenumberofprisonersper100,000inhabitantsasanindicator5InternationalExchangeCentersIndex2024andcombinesitwiththemurderrateindicatorwithequalAdditionally,theIndexintroducesthehigh-levelhumanitiesweightingtoformthecrimerateindex.Thenumberofprisonersandsocialsciencespaperindex,whichiscomposedoftheper100,000inhabitantsreflectstheproportionofoffendersinnumberofhighlycitedpapers,theproportionofhighlycitedacountrywhomeetthestandardforimprisonment,coveringapapers,andthenumberofhotpapersintheSocialSciencewiderspectrumofcriminalbehaviors.ThenewcompositeindexCitationIndex(SSCI)andArtsandHumanitiesCitationIndexbetterreflectstheoverallsecurityofacityanditscountry.(AHCI),weightedandcombinedinastandardizedmanner.(2)AdjustmenttotheTourism-Friendliness(5)AdjustmenttotheTransportConnectionIndicatorIndicatorTheindicatorforpercapitaconsumptionofinboundTheIndeximprovesthecalculationmethodofthedensityoftouristshasbeenremovedduetoitssusceptibilitytotheinternationalflightconnections,definingitastheactualvaryingpricelevelsofdifferentcitiesandthelackofaunifiednumberofflightsdepartingfromthecity’sairportsandcalculationmethodanddatasource.TheIndexnowonlyreachingoverseascitiesthroughdirectorstopoverflights,retainsthenumberofinboundtouriststomeasureacity’sdividedbythenumberofcitieswithinternationaldirectflightstourism-friendliness.withthecity.Theactualnumberofinternationalflightscanbetterreflecttherealpictureofflightconnectionsbetween(3)AdjustmenttotheSci-TechInnovationinternationalcities.IndicatorThroughtheseadjustmentsandoptimization,theevaluationsystemfortheInternationalTheindicatorforthenumberofhighlycitedscientificpapershasbeenupdatedtothehigh-levelscientificpaperindex.ThisExchangeCentersIndexisshowninTable1.indexcomprisesthenumberofhighlycitedpaperspublishedDetailedcalculationmethodsandindicatorinScienceCitationIndex(SCI)journals,theproportionofhighlycitedpapers,andthenumberofhotpapers,allofexplanationsareprovidedinthetechnicalwhichareweightedandcombinedinastandardizedmanner.appendix.Thecompositeindexprovidesamorecomprehensiveevaluationofacity’scapabilitiesinbasicresearchandoriginalinnovationfromtheperspectivesoflong-termaccumulationandfrontierFortheactualcalculation,mostindicatorsinnovation.usedatafromtheendof2023toreflectthe(4)AdjustmenttotheCultureandEducationlatestsituationafterthepandemic.However,Indicatorforsomeindicators,datafromthelatestyearavailableisusedduetodataavailabilityTheIndexassignsdifferentweightstothenumberoftopglobaluniversitiesaccordingtotheirrankingsegments.Theconstraints.Inaddition,asthestatisticalnumberoftopuniversitiesineachcityisweightedtoformasystemsindifferentcountriesvary,someglobaltopuniversityindex,incorporatingboththequantityandqualityofuniversities.indicatorsarebasedonthedatareleasedbytheadministrativecities,whileothersonthatofthemetropolitanareas.62.TheoreticalModelandEvaluationFrameworkTable1TheEvaluationSystemforInternationalExchangeCenters2024IndexScoreofeducationinTheGlobalLivabilityIndexofscoretheEconomistIntelligenceUnit(EIU)IndexScoreofhealthcareinTheGlobalLivabilityIndexofInternationalCongress&ConventionAssociation(ICCA)NumberscoreEconomistIntelligenceUnit(EIU)GradescoreTheGlobalAssociationoftheNumberExhibitionIndustry(UFI)MbpsIndexscoreUnitedNationsOfficeonDrugsandCrime(UNODC);City-DataCalculatedbasedonSpeedtest’sdataCalculatedIndexscoreWorldBankbasedonSpeedtest’sdataMbpsIndexscoreStartupBlinkCalculatedbasedonthedataofvariflight.comNumberBusinessLivabilitycommunication（1/12）（1/9）Business-friendliness（1/12）Digitalnetwork（1/9）Career-ConnectivityAttractivenessfriendliness（1/3）（1/3）（1/12）Numberofcitieswith1/18directinternationalflightsTransportconnectionTourism-（1/9）friendlinessInfluence（1/12）（1/3）CultureandInternationaleducationaffairs（1/12）（1/12）EconomicSci-techdevelopmentinnovation（1/12）（1/12）Score10,000CalculatedpersonsbasedonEuromonitorthedataofandopenvariflgovernmentdataClarivateNumberNumberCollatedbasedonIndexscoreinformationfromUniversities’rankingreleasedNumberpublicsourcesbyTimesandShanghaiRankingUnitedNationsEducational,UnionofInternationalAssociations(UIA)NumberScientificandCulturalNumberUnionofInternationalAssociations(UIA)Organization(UNESCO)IndexscoreClarivateGlobalizationandWorldCitiesRankingZ/YenGroupResearchNetwork(GaWC)CalculatedbasedontheGlobalInnovationIndexreleasedNumberIndexscorebytheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO)FortuneMagazineNumberInternational$OECDdatabase;WorldBank,statisticsofvariouscountriesNote:meansreverseindicators,whicharesubjecttoNMMSuponcalculation.7InternationalExchangeCentersIndex20242.3AdjustmentstoEvaluationTargetspolitical,economic,technological,andculturaldevelopmentlevelsofeachcity,aswellasdataavailabilityandinternationalAfterreferringtothewell-establishedinternationalcitycomparability.Someofthesecitiesarealreadyrecognizedevaluationreports,theIndexultimatelyselected43citiesbasedinternationalexchangecenters,whileothershavethepotentialIonthethreedimensions,namely,attractiveness,influence,andtobecomeone.connectivity.TheselectionprocessalsotookintoaccounttheIPleaserefertoInternationalExchangeCentersIndex2022,page12.Figure3DistributionofCitiesEvaluatedCopenhagenBerlinStockholm*AmsterdamLondonFrankfurtViennaMoscowTorontoMontrealBrussels*ParisMunichSeattleBarcelonaZurichBostonNewYorkWashington,D.C.ChicagoGenevaBeijingSanFranciscoLosAngelesSanDiegoMadridRomeIstanbul*SeoulTokyoShanghaiCairo*GuangzhouShenzhenHongKongDubaiMexicoCitySingaporeNairobiJohannesburg*RiodeJaneiro*SydneyMelbourneNote:(*)indicatesnewlyevaluatedcities.82.TheoreticalModelandEvaluationFrameworkTable2SNListofCitiesEvaluatedCityCountry1AmsterdamNetherlands2BarcelonaSpain3BeijingChina4BerlinGermany5BostonUSA6Brussels*Belgium7Cairo*Egypt8ChicagoUSA9CopenhagenDenmark10DubaiUAE11FrankfurtGermany12GenevaSwitzerland13GuangzhouChina14HongKongChina15Istanbul*Turkey16Johannesburg*SouthAfrica17LondonUK18LosAngelesUSA19MadridSpain20MelbourneAustralia21MexicoCityMexico22MontrealCanada23MoscowRussia24MunichGermany25NairobiKenya26NewYorkUSA27ParisFrance28RiodeJaneiro*Brazil29RomeItaly30SanDiegoUSA31SanFranciscoUSA32SeattleUSA33SeoulSouthKorea34ShanghaiChina35ShenzhenChina36SingaporeSingapore37Stockholm*Sweden38SydneyAustralia39TokyoJapan40TorontoCanada41ViennaAustria42Washington,D.C.USA43ZurichSwitzerlandNote:Sortedbyalphabeticalorder.Citiesmarkedwithanasterisk(*)arenewlyevaluatedcities.Itisimportanttonotethatalthoughtherearemanycitiesworldwidethatsharecertainfeaturesofinternationalexchangecenters,theIndexonlyincludesthe43citiesduetolimitationsinresearchresourcesanddataavailability.Whenconditionspermit,morecitieswillbegraduallyincorporatedinfutureevaluations.9InternationalExchangeCentersIndex20243.OverallCharacteristicsofInternationalExchangeCentersin2024103.OverallCharacteristicsofInternationalExchangeCentersin2024Withtheabove-mentionedevaluationsystem,theIndexcalculatedthecomprehensivescoresandrankingsofthe43internationalexchangecentercitiesasshowninFigure4(forcalculationmethods,pleaseseeAppendix).3.1ComprehensiveRankingsFromtheevaluationoftheIndex,thetoptencitiesinthecomprehensiverankingsareLondon,Paris,NewYork,HongKong,Singapore,Seoul,Beijing,Tokyo,Madrid,andSanFrancisco.Figure4ComprehensiveScoresandRankingsofAllCitiesEvaluatedLondonParis�ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆ�ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇ�ꢀꢀ.ꢀꢁꢂ.ꢃꢁꢄ.ꢂꢁꢅ.�ꢁꢃ.ꢂꢁꢃ.ꢀꢆꢇ.ꢃꢆꢇ.ꢀꢆꢂ.ꢀNairobiꢀꢅꢂꢁ

ꢂꢀ.ꢀJohannesburgRiodeJaneiro**ꢂꢀ

ꢂꢀ.ꢈꢂ�

ꢂ