北京房山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题学业水平调研一

房山区20232024学年度第二学期学业水平调研（一）高二英语本试卷共10页，满分100分，考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenIwaseight,Iwantedatoyandneeded$10tobuyit.But,asusual,Iwasbroke.Idecidedtoaskmy11yearoldsister,Kathleen,foraloan.Sheagreedto___1___methemoney,butadded,“Iwillchargeyou10percentpoundinteresteverymonthuntilyoupaymeback.”“poundinterest—what’sthat?”Iasked.“Well,interestisthe___2___moneyborrowershavetopaybackonaloan,”sheexplained.“poundinterestmeansthattheinterestpaymentsgetbiggerandbiggerthelongeryoutaketopaybacktheloan.”“Sure.Igetit,”Isaid.Thoughtruthfully,Iwasgetting___3___.Kathleenlentmethemoney,andI___4___thetoy.Mybirthdaycameamonthlater,andmymomgaveme$10.ThatwasjusttheamountIneededtobuyanothertoy.I___5___payingmysisterforamonth.Afteranothermonth,Iforgotabouttheloan.Severalmonthslater,onChristmasmorning,mysisterandIeachfounda$20billinourstockings.IwasjustputtingitintomypocketwhenKathleenstoppedme.“Sorry,that’smine.I’m___6___onyourdebt.”“Huh?”ThenIrememberedtheloan.“Hey!Howcanitbethatmuch?Ionlyborrowed$10.“True,”shesaid,“but___7___hasbeenpoundingforeightmonths.Nowyouoweme$21.43.”Irefusedto___8___thata$10loancouldmorethandoublesoquickly.Muchtomy___9___,mysistergotherpencilandtabletandshowedmeexactlyhowitalladdedup.Thistime,Igotthebasicideaofpoundinterest.I_____10_____thehardwaythatborrowingmoneycanbe“doubletrouble”innotime.Mysistersuccessfullytaughtmehowtouseandmanagemymoney.1.A.hand B.lend C.give D.pay2.A.limited B.exact C.extra D.same3.A.satisfied B.confused C.frightened D.encouraged4.A.sold B.made C.fixed D.bought5.A.putoff B.tookup C.endedup D.startedoff6.A.relying B.focusing C.carrying D.collecting7.A.interest B.cost C.tax D.salary8.A.announce B.promise C.prove D.believe9.A.annoyance B.regret C.relief D.delight10.A.questioned B.explained C.learned D.explored【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.D5.A6.D7.A8.D9.A10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者八岁时一次借钱的经历。本来作者只借了姐姐10美元，可是最终作者的债务累加到了21.43美元。经过这次经历，作者明白了借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦这个道理。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她同意借钱给我，但补充道：“我会每月向你收取10%的复利，直到你还我为止。”A.hand上交；B.lend借出；C.give给予；D.pay支付。根据“Idecidedtoaskmy11yearoldsister,Kathleen,foraloan.”可知，作者是向姐姐借钱。故选B。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“嗯，利息是借款人必须偿还贷款的额外资金，”她解释道。A.limited限的；B.exact精确的；C.extra额外的；D.same相同的。根据“poundinterestmeansthattheinterestpaymentsgetbiggerandbiggerthelongeryoutaketopaybacktheloan.”可知，利息是借钱人在归还贷款时额外付的钱。故选C。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管说实话，我还是感到困惑。A.satisfied满意的；B.confused困惑的；C.frightened害怕的；D.encouraged鼓励的。根据下文““Huh?”ThenIrememberedtheloan.“Hey!Howcanitbethatmuch?Ionlyborrowed$10.”可知，作者不是很明白，所以感到困惑。故选B。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：凯萨琳借钱给我，我买了玩具。A.sold售出；B.made制造；C.fixed固定；D.bought买。根据上文“WhenIwaseight,Iwantedatoyandneeded$10tobuyit.”可知，作者借钱买了玩具。故选D。5题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我推迟了一个月给姐姐还钱。又过了一个月，我忘记了借钱的事。A.putoff推迟；B.tookup拿起；C.endedup结束；D.startedoff启动。根据“Mybirthdaycameamonthlater,andmymomgaveme$10.ThatwasjusttheamountIneededtobuyanothertoy.”可知，作者得到的钱又要买另外一个玩具，所以推迟了还钱。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对不起，那是我的。我在收你的债。A.relying依赖；B.focusing聚焦；C.carrying搬运；D.collecting收集。根据“Iwillchargeyou10percentpoundinteresteverymonthuntilyoupaymeback.”可知，姐姐向作者收债。故选D。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但利息已经复利八个月了。现在你欠我21.43美元。A.interest利息；B.cost成本；C.tax税收；D.salary工资。根据“Iwillchargeyou10percentpoundinteresteverymonthuntilyoupaymeback.”可知，除了收债，还有利息。故选A【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不相信一笔10美元的贷款能这么快翻倍。A.announce宣布；B.promise承诺；C.prove证明；D.believe相信。根据“Thistime,Igotthebasicideaofpoundinterest.”和“thata$10loancouldmorethandoublesoquickly.”可知，作者无法相信10美元的贷款会有那么多的利息。故选D。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我非常恼火的是，我姐姐拿着她的铅笔和平板，向我展示了利息是如何叠加的。A.annoyance烦恼；B.regret遗憾；C.relief宽慰；D.delight喜悦。根据“mysistergotherpencilandtabletandshowedmeexactlyhowitalladdedup.”可知，姐姐向作者展示，让作者更恼火。故选A。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我了解到借钱很快就会成为“双重麻烦”。A.questioned质疑；B.explained解释；C.learned了解，学习；D.explored探索。根据“Mysistersuccessfullytaughtmehowtouseandmanagemymoney.”可知，作者从这次经历了解到借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheLittlePrince____11____(tell)ustheimportanceoflookingbeneaththesurfaceofthingstouncovertheirrealmeanings.Ilikeitbecauseitissimple,andyetitreallymademethinkalot____12____lifeanddeath,loveandresponsibility,friendshipandloneliness.Oneofthemostmemorablecharactersinthebookisarose,____13____thelittleprincefellinlovewith.【答案】11.tells12.about13.which【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《小王子》告诉我们一些道理，令人印象深刻。【11题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：《小王子》告诉我们透过事物的表面去发现其真正意义的重要性。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是TheLittlePrince，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填tells。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：我喜欢它，因为它很简单，但它确实让我思考了很多关于生与死、爱与责任、友谊与孤独的问题。thinkabout“思考，考虑”。故填about。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：书中最令人难忘的人物之一是一朵玫瑰花，小王子爱上了它。句中先行词为rose，在非限定性定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhenIhurriedtothestore,Isawthatthebookswerealreadybeingpackedinto____14____(box).IhadalongchatwithCasey,thestore’selderlyowner.Sighing____15____(deep),hetoldmehowitwasbeingdifficulttorunanindependentbookstore.Moreandmorecustomers____16____(attract)bychainstoresandonlinediscounts.Itriedtothinkofsomewordsofsympathy,____17____IhadtoadmitthattheRainbowBookstorecouldn’tstayinbusinessmuchlonger.【答案】14.boxes15.deeply16.wereattracted17.but【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去书店看到其面临困境及与店主交谈。【14题详解】考查名词的数。句意：当我匆忙赶到书店时，我看到书已经被装进箱子里了。名词box为可数名词，前面无冠词，此处表示泛指，所以用复数形式。故填boxes。【15题详解】考查副词。句意：他深深地叹了口气，告诉我经营一家独立书店变得多么困难。修饰动词，用副词形式deeply，表示“深深地”。故填deeply。【16题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：越来越多的顾客被连锁店和网上折扣所吸引。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语Moreandmorecustomers为复数形式，与attract之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填wereattracted。【17题详解】考查连词。句意：我试图想些同情的话，但我不得不承认，彩虹书店不能再经营下去了。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词but。故填but。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。It’satragicstorythat____18____(begin)in1810whenhumansarrivedonMacquarieIsland.Intheirshipstheyunknowinglybroughtratsandmice.Thesesmallanimalsquicklytookovertheisland,____19____(eat)thebirds’eggsandattackingbabybirds.Catswerebroughttotheisland____20____(control)theratsandmice.Unfortunately,thecatssubsequentlydevelopedanappetiteforthebirds,too.【答案】18.begins19.eating20.tocontrol【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类进入麦夸里岛后给该岛屿的生态带来的一系列连锁反应。【18题详解】考查动词时态。句意：这是一个悲剧故事，始于1810年人类抵达麦夸里岛时。that引导定语从句，后面缺少谓语动词，根据is可知，空处需填一般现在时。that指代单数名词story，谓语也用单数，故填begins。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些小动物很快占领了岛屿，吃掉了鸟蛋并攻击小鸟宝宝。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“tookover”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“Thesesmallanimals”和“eat”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填eating。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：猫被带到岛上来控制老鼠和小鼠。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“werebrought”，故空处需填非谓语动词，表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填tocontrol。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyou’reanEnglishlearneroranEnglishspeakerlookingtowidenyourvocabulary,agooddictionaryappisamust.MerriamWebsterMerriamWebsterisawellknownandhighlytrusteddictionary.Theappprovidesqualitydefinitions,audiopronunciationsandusageexamples.Itevenletsyousearchforwordsbyspeakingthem!Thisfeatureisperfectwhenyouhearawordyoudon’tunderstandbutaren’tsurehowit’swritten.OxfordDictionaryofEnglishTheOxfordDictionaryofEnglishappisaprehensiveandreliableresourceforEnglishlanguagereference.Theappprovidesclearandconcisedefinitions,alongwithaudiopronunciationsandexamplesentences.Youcanalsoaccesssynonyms,antonymsandwordorigins.Additionally,theappoffersofflinefunctionality,allowingyoutoaccessthedictionaryevenwithoutaninternetconnection.VocabularyTheVocabularydictionaryappisexcellentforEnglishlearnersbecauseithasveryeasytounderstanddefinitions.Thesitesaysit’s“asifyourfavoriteteacherwereexplainingittoyou.”Eachdefinitionhasexplanationsofwhatthewordmeansandalsowhenandhowyouwoulduseit.Iteventurnslearningintoagamebylettingyouearnpoints!FluentUFluentUtakesrealworldvideosandturnsthemintopersonalizedlanguagelearninglessons.ItusesanaturalapproachthathelpsyoueaseintotheEnglishlanguageandcultureovertime.You’lllearnEnglishasit’sspokeninreallife.ThebestpartisthatFluentUkeepstrackofthevocabularythatyou’relearningandgivesyouextrapracticewithdifficultwords.Itevenremindsyouwhenit’stimetoreview!21.MerriamWebsterappcanhelpEnglishlearners________.A.findrightwordstospeakperfectEnglishB.searchforawordevenwithoutaninternetconnectionC.learndifficultwordsbypracticingmoreandreviewingD.lookforawordwhentheyareunsureaboutitsspelling22WhichdictionaryappprovesEnglishlearnerswithsimpledefinitionsandinterestinglearning?A.MerriamWebster. B.OxfordDictionaryofEnglish.C.Vocabulary. D.FluentU.23.What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Toremendusefuldictionaryapps.B.TogivesuggestionsonEnglishlearning.C.Toofferadviceonhowtouseadictionaryapp.D.TointroducethesourcesofEnglishvocabulary.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种不同的英语词典或学习应用，分别阐述了它们的特点、功能和优势。旨在为读者提供关于这些英语学习工具的信息，以便他们根据自己的需求选择合适的工具。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章MerriamWebster中的“Theappprovidesqualitydefinitions,audiopronunciationsandusageexamples.Itevenletsyousearchforwordsbyspeakingthem!Thisfeatureisperfectwhenyouhearawordyoudon’tunderstandbutaren’tsurehowit’swritten.(该应用程序提供了高质量的定义、音频发音和用法示例。它甚至可以让你通过说话来搜索单词！当你听到一个不理解但又不确定它是怎么写的单词时，这个功能是完美的。)”可知，MerriamWebster应用允许用户通过说出单词来搜索单词，这在不确定单词的拼写时非常有用。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Vocabulary中的“TheVocabularydictionaryappisexcellentforEnglishlearnersbecauseithasveryeasytounderstanddefinitions.Thesitesaysit’s“asifyourfavoriteteacherwereexplainingittoyou.”Eachdefinitionhasexplanationsofwhatthewordmeansandalsowhenandhowyouwoulduseit.Iteventurnslearningintoagamebylettingyouearnpoints!(Vocabulary词典应用程序非常适合英语学习者，因为它有非常容易理解的定义。该网站称，“就像你最喜欢的老师在给你解释一样。”每个定义都解释了这个词的意思，以及何时以及如何使用它。它甚至把学习变成了一种游戏，让你获得积分！)”可知，Vocabulary词典应用为英语学习者提供了简单易懂的定义，并且将学习过程变得有趣。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ifyou’reanEnglishlearneroranEnglishspeakerlookingtowidenyourvocabulary,agooddictionaryappisamust.(如果你是一个英语学习者或一个想要扩大词汇量的英语使用者，一个好的字典应用程序是必须的。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了四种不同的英语词典或学习应用，包括它们的特点、功能和优势，旨在为读者推荐这些有用的词典应用，以便他们根据自己的需求选择合适的工具来辅助英语学习。故选A。BWhenIwaslittle,mydadwouldletmesitbesidehimotheporchwhilehepainted.Hewouldtellmehowthecowbyitselfisjustacow,andthemeadowbyitselfisjustgrassandflowers,andthesunpeekingthroughthetreesisjustabeamoflight,butputthemalltogetherandyou’vegotmagic.Iunderstoodwhathewassaying,butIneverfeltwhathewassayinguntilonedaywhenIwasupinthesycamoretreetorescueakitestuckinthebranches.Itwasalongwayup,butIthoughtI’dgiveitashot.Istartedclimbing.ThenIlookeddown.AndsuddenlyIgotdizzyandweak.Iwasmilesofftheground!Butthekitewasstillbeyondmyreach.IcaughtmybreathandforcedmyselftoconcentrateonthekiteasIclimbedup.WhenIhadthekitefree,Ineededaminutetorest.That’swhenthefearofbeingupsohighbegantolift,andinitsplacecamethemostamazingfeelingthatIwasflying.Justsoaringabovetheearth,sailingamongtheclouds.ThenIgottonoticehowwonderfulthebreezesmelled.Itseemedlikesunshineandwildgrassandrain!Icouldn’tstopbreathingitin,fillingmylungsagainandagainwiththesweetestsmellI’deverknown.Inevergotovertheview.Ikeptthinkingofwhatitfeltliketobeupsohighinthattree.Iwantedtoseeit,tofeelit,again.Andagain.Itwasn’tlongbeforeIwasn’tafraidofbeingupsohighandfoundthespotthatbecamemyspot.Icouldsitthereforhours,justlookingoutattheworld.Sunsetswereamazing.Somedaysthey’dbepurpleandpink,somedaysthey’dbeablazingorange,settingfiretocloudsacrossthehorizon.Itwasonadaylikethatwhenmyfather’snotion(观念)movedfrommyheadtomyheart.Theviewfrommysycamorewasmorethanrooftopsandcloudsandwindandcolorsbined.24.Whydidtheauthorclimbupthesycamoretree?A.Topracticeclimbingskills. B.Togetatrappedkite.C.Toprovehercourage. D.Toplayinthetree.25.Theauthor’sclimbingexperiencewas________.A.wellplannedandinteresting B.adventurousbutrewardingC.petitiveandimaginative D.unusualbutpainful26.Theauthorlikedbeinguphighinthetreebecause________.A.shecouldenjoymorethangoodviewsB.herfatherencouragedhertodosoC.itcouldhelphertoconcentrateD.thetreehadthesweetestsmell27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.B.Beautifulthingsdon’taskforattention.C.Positiveactionleadstohappiness.D.Practicemakesperfect.【答案】24.B25.B26.A27.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述作者小时候和父亲一起在门廊上画画、后来爬到梧桐树上去救卡在树枝上的风筝以及经常坐在梧桐树上欣赏美景的经历，表达了对生活中美好事物的感受和体验。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Iunderstoodwhathewassaying,butIneverfeltwhathewassayinguntilonedaywhenIwasupinthesycamoretreetorescueakitestuckinthebranches.(我明白他在说什么，但我从来没有感觉到他在说什么，直到有一天我爬到梧桐树上去救一只卡在树枝上的风筝。)”可知，作者爬树的原因是为了取回卡在树枝上的风筝。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Istartedclimbing.ThenIlookeddown.AndsuddenlyIgotdizzyandweak.(我开始往上爬。然后我往下看。突然间，我感到头晕和虚弱。)”以及第三段“That’swhenthefearofbeingupsohighbegantolift,andinitsplacecamethemostamazingfeelingthatIwasflying.(就在这时，对飞得这么高的恐惧开始消失，取而代之的是一种最奇妙的感觉，那就是我在飞翔。)”可知，这一过程充满了冒险性，因为树很高，作者感到害怕和眩晕。但随后，当作者成功救下风筝并开始享受在高处的风景时，她体验到了非常美妙的感受，仿佛自己在飞翔。因此，这次经历虽然冒险，但给予了作者很大的回报和满足感。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Inevergotovertheview.Ikeptthinkingofwhatitfeltliketobeupsohighinthattree.Iwantedtoseeit,tofeelit,again.Andagain.(我从来没有欣赏过这里的景色。我一直在想站在那么高的树上是什么感觉。我想再次看到它，感受它。一次又一次。)”和第六段“Itwasn’tlongbeforeIwasn’tafraidofbeingupsohighandfoundthespotthatbecamemyspot.Icouldsitthereforhours,justlookingoutattheworld.Sunsetswereamazing.Somedaysthey’dbepurpleandpink,somedaysthey’dbeablazingorange,settingfiretocloudsacrossthehorizon.(没过多久，我就不再害怕站在这么高的地方，找到了属于我的位置。我可以在那里坐上几个小时，看着外面的世界。日落是惊人的。有时它们是紫色和粉红色的，有时它们是耀眼的橙色，点燃了地平线上的云。)”可知，当作者坐在高处时，不仅可以看到美丽的景色，还可以闻到微风的清新味道，感受到飞翔的感觉。作者描述了自己对高处的热爱，并且希望能够再次体验那种感觉。因此，作者喜欢在高处是因为她可以享受到的不仅仅是美丽的景色，还有其他的感官体验。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Hewouldtellmehowthecowbyitselfisjustacow,andthemeadowbyitselfisjustgrassandflowers,andthesunpeekingthroughthetreesisjustabeamoflight,butputthemalltogetherandyou’vegotmagic.(他会告诉我，奶牛本身就是一头牛，草地本身就是草和花，从树丛中透出的阳光只是一束光，但把它们放在一起，你就有了魔力。)”以及全文内容可知，作者的父亲通过描述牛、草地和阳光等单个元素与它们组合在一起形成的美丽画面，传达了一个观念，即整体大于部分之和。作者通过自己爬树救风筝并欣赏高处美景的经历，进一步体现了这个观念。作者发现，虽然单独看牛、草地和阳光可能并不特别，但当它们组合在一起时，却形成了令人惊叹的美景。同样地，作者在高处所体验到的不仅仅是美丽的景色，还有微风的味道、飞翔的感觉等，这些元素共同构成了作者难以忘怀的美好体验。故选A。CMakinguseofthewind,thewateror,formorethanhalfofallplantspecies,animals,plantsdisperse(散播)seedsfarandwide.Frugivores—animalssuchasgibbonsthatfeedonthefleshyfruitsofplants—eatandthenexcrete(排泄)seedsawayfromtheoriginaltree.TheAfricansavannaelephantcancarryseedsuptoarecordbreakingdistanceof65kilometres.Thisabilitytoshiftgeographicalrangeswillbecrucialtoplantswhenitestosurvivingclimatechange.However,justlikeallgibbonspecies,theAfricansavannaelephantisendangered,itspopulationdownby60percentoverthepast50years.ResearchersinDenmarkandtheUSAhavepublishedanewstudyintohowthelossofseeddispersinganimalscouldaffecttheresilience(恢复力)offorestsandothernaturalecosystems.Theyfoundthat,historically,thedeclineofseeddispersinganimalshashadthegreatestinfluenceonplantsacrossthetemperate(温带的)regionsofNorthandSouthAmerica,EuropeandsouthernAustralia.“Ourtemperateecosystemshavelostalotofthenaturalseeddispersalfunctionthattheywouldhavehad,”explainsEvanFricke,leadauthorofthestudy,referringtolargemammalsthatwereoncewidespreadintheseregions.Nevertheless,thepoorconservationstatusofmanyseeddispersingtropicalanimalsputsplantsinregionssuchasSoutheastAsiaandMadagascarmostatrisktoday.Withoutthepreservationofsuchanimals,globalseeddispersalcoulddeclinebyafurther15percent.“Thedirectimplicationofthisdeclineisthatmanyplantspecieswillbeunabletokeeppacewithachangingclimate,”saysFricke.“Thatmeansthepotentiallossnotonlyofplantbiodiversitybutoftheecosystemfunctionsthatthoseplantsprovide.”Aswildlifeislost,plantscannolongeradaptandsurviveandforestsbeelesssustainable,whichreducestheamountofcarbontheycanstore.Theyalsolosetheirabilitytosupportwildlife.Wholeecosystemsaredisrupted.Theconclusion,Frickesays,isclear:wemustconservecurrentlyendangeredspeciesandrestorethepopulationsofimportantseeddispersers.“Independentofclimatechange,rewildinghasthepotentialtobenefitourecosystems,butinachangingclimate,ithastheaddedbenefitofincreasingtheclimateresilienceofthoseecosystems,”hesays.28.TheauthormentionstheAfricansavannaelephantinParagraph1to________.A.provideasolution B.predicttheendingC.expressanopinion D.highlighttheproblem29.Asforseeddispersinganimals,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Theyarevitalandendangered.B.Theyarebeingwellconserved.C.Theyareunrelatedtowholeecosystems.D.Theyarewidespreadacrossthetemperateregions.30.WhatdoesFrickeconcludefromthestudy?A.Seeddispersinganimalsplayanimportantroleinpreventingclimatechange.B.Thelossofseeddispersinganimalshashardlyaffectedtemperateregions.C.Rewildingcanpromotetheclimateresilienceofourecosystems.D.Plantsdisperseseedsbywayofanimalsexcretingthem.【答案】28.D29.A30.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物帮助植物散播种子对生态系统至关重要，但许多散播种子的动物正濒临灭绝，尤其威胁到热带地区植被。保护这些动物和重新引入它们有助于生态系统恢复力和应对气候变化。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“TheAfricansavannaelephantcancarryseedsuptoarecordbreakingdistanceof65kilometres.Thisabilitytoshiftgeographicalrangeswillbecrucialtoplantswhenitestosurvivingclimatechange.However,justlikeallgibbonspecies,theAfricansavannaelephantisendangered,itspopulationdownby60percentoverthepast50years.(非洲大草原大象可以携带种子达到65公里的破纪录距离。这种改变地理范围的能力对植物在气候变化中生存至关重要。然而，就像所有长臂猿物种一样，非洲大草原大象也濒临灭绝，其数量在过去50年中减少了60%)”可知，作者提到非洲草原象的例子是为了展示动物在种子传播中的重要作用以及它们目前所面临的生存威胁，以此强调问题的严重性。故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Theyfoundthat,historically,thedeclineofseeddispersinganimalshashadthegreatestinfluenceonplantsacrossthetemperateregionsofNorthandSouthAmerica,EuropeandsouthernAustralia.(他们发现，历史上，种子传播动物的减少对北美洲、南美洲、欧洲和澳大利亚南部这些温带地区的植物产生了最大的影响)”可知，种子传播动物非常重要，第三段“Nevertheless,thepoorconservationstatusofmanyseeddispersingtropicalanimalsputsplantsinregionssuchasSoutheastAsiaandMadagascarmostatrisktoday.(尽管如此，许多散布种子的热带动物的保护状况不佳，使东南亚和马达加斯加等地区的植物今天面临的风险最大)”可知，许多热带地区种子传播动物保护状况不佳，故作者认为它们至关重要，且濒临灭绝。故选A项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Independentofclimatechange,rewildinghasthepotentialtobenefitourecosystems,butinachangingclimate,ithastheaddedbenefitofincreasingtheclimateresilienceofthoseecosystems,”hesays.(“不受气候变化影响，重新引入野生动物可能使我们的生态系统受益，但在气候不断变化的背景下，这样做还有助于增强这些生态系统的气候恢复力，”他说道)”可知，Fricke从研究中得出的结论是重新野化可以提升我们生态系统的气候恢复力。故选C项。DApersoncouldbeforgivenforbelieving20yearsagothattheInternetwouldsoonrevolutioniseacademicpublishing,becauseitbecamepossibleforpublisherstospreadscholarlyworkattheclickofabutton—muchcheaperthanthetraditionalsubscriptionbased(订阅)model.Recognisingtheopportunity,manyscholarsandlibrariansstartedtoadvocateanew,openaccessmodel,inwhicharticlesaremadefreelyavailableonlinetoanyone.Theresultwouldbeatrueonlinepubliclibraryofscience.However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadelittleprogress,andthetraditionalsubscriptionbasedmodelremainsentrenched.Fortunately,thingsarechanging.AbigshoedroppedwhentheUniversityofCalifornia(UC)Libraries,onofthebiggestlibrarysystems,declinedtorenewitscontractwithElsevier,aleadingscientificpublisher.Elsevierwantedthelibrariestopaytwofees:oneforitspackageoflicensedjournalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tetoterms,thelibrarieswalkedaway.Actually,theopenaccessrevolutionismorelikelytobeledbyresearchfundingagencies,whocanusetheirpursepowertopromoteopenaccess.Ateamoffunders,CoalitionS,insistedthatanyresearchtheyfundshouldbepublishedinajournalthatmakesallofitsarticlesfreelyandimmediatelyavailabletothepublic,whichiscalledPlanS.Nowthatsomelibrariansandfundersareflexingtheirmuscles,whatshouldacademicsdo?TheworstresponsewouldbetoplainthatPlanSdeprives(剥夺)themofacademicfreedom.Somethoughtfulacademicsmightworrythatashifttoopenaccesswouldaffecttheirpromotion.Afterall,subscriptionjournalsaremorefamiliarandmoreprestigious(有威望的)inthecurrentsystem.However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.Whenthejournalsystemstartedin1665,itwaskindofaformofopenaccess.Journalsallowedacademicstolearnopenlyfromoneanother.Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlymoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“entrenched”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?AUnpopular. B.Unfixed. C.Unchanged. D.Unknown.32.WhatisthemaincauseofthefailednegotiationbetweenUCLibrariesandElsevier?A.Thenumberofpublishedresearches.B.Thechargeforopenaccessmodel.C.Thedurationofthecontract.D.Thewayofpayment.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Academicsthinkopenaccessmodelwillhelpthemgetpromoted.B.Publishersarewillingtoabandonthesubscriptionmodelgradually.C.Establishingatrueonlinepubliclibraryofsciencerequiresjointefforts.D.Openaccessmodelwillsoontaketheplaceofsubscriptionbasedmodel.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheopenaccessmodel?A.Disapproving. B.Indifferent. C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.【答案】31.C32.B33.C34.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了学术出版领域中的开放获取模式与传统基于订阅的模式之间的对比和冲突。【31题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadelittleprogress(然而，20多年过去了，这项运动几乎没有取得任何进展)”可推测，传统的订阅模式依然根深蒂固。所以entrenched为“不变的；根深蒂固的”之意。选项A“Unpopular(不受欢迎)”；选项B“Unfixed(不固定的)”；选项C“Unchanged(不变的)”；选项D“Unknown(未知的)”。故选C。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Elsevierwantedthelibrariestopaytwofees:oneforitspackageoflicensedjournalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tetoterms,thelibrarieswalkedaway.(Elsevier希望图书馆支付两项费用：一项是其授权期刊包，另一项是使用爱思唯尔的开放获取模式。加州大学图书馆希望授权期刊费用能够覆盖开放获取费用;他们还想开放访问所有发表在Elsevier期刊上的加州大学的研究。当双方无法达成协议时，图书馆走开了。)”可知，加州大学图书馆和Elsevier之间的谈判失败，主要是因为预期费用和访问权限上的分歧。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.(然而，如果有足够多的学者支持开放获取，该系统可能会达到一个临界点，超过这个临界点，订阅就不再意味着威望。达到这一点需要相当长的时间和努力，但这是可能的。)”可知，建立一个真正的在线科学公共图书馆需要大家的共同努力。故选C。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Whenthejournalsystemstartedin1665,itwaskindofaformofopenaccess.Journalsallowedacademicstolearnopenlyfromoneanother.Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlymoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots(当期刊系统在1665年开始的时候，它是一种开放获取的形式。期刊允许学者们公开地相互学习。直到20世纪，期刊系统才彻底商品化。现在是时候把它带回它的根源。)”可知，当学术期刊系统在1665年开始时，它实际上是一种开放获取的形式，允许学者们互相公开学习。只是在20世纪，期刊系统才完全商品化。现在是时候让它回归其本源了。这些描述表明作者支持开放获取模式，并认为应该将其恢复到最初的状态。因此，作者对于开放获取模型的态度是支持的。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Emojisareeverywhere.Theyoffereffectiveandfunwaystointeractwithothers.Usedwell,theycanbeeanengagingandcreativeadditiontomunication.____35____Onewellchosenemojicanreplacemanywordsoftext.____36____Orathumbsupemojimightsaveyoufromwritingoutyouragreementtosomethinginfull.____37____Andwhenyoucan’thearsomeone’stoneofvoiceorreadtheirbodylanguage,animagecanbeparticularlyhelpfulforunderstandingtheirmeaning.Emojisareclear,colorful,anddesignedtoconveyasinglemessagememorably—whichhasbeenshowntoincreaseinterestandengagement.Theystandoutamongtext,especiallywhentherecipientisworkingquicklyoronthemove.Manyemojismeanthesamethingtoeveryone,everywhere.____38____Forexample,asmilingfaceemojiwillletanyoneknowthatyou’rehappy,whateverlanguageyouspeak!Emojiscanhelpyoutoshowyourhumanside,makingyouseemfriendlierandmoreapproachable.What’smore,thebrainreactstoimagesoffaces,andtorealfaces,inaverysimilarway.Alongsideallthepotentialbenefitsofemojisthatwe’velistedabovetherearealsodangersyou’llneedtoguardagainst.____39____Forexample,aredfacedcharactercouldbeangry,orembarrassed.Likeanylanguage,youneedto“speakEmoji”withcare.Ifnot,youruntheriskofcreatingconfusion,conveyingthewrongimpression,orevencausingseriousoffense.A.Herearesomeofthereasonswhyemojisaresopopular.B.Manyemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.C.Anemojiisofteneasierandquickertounderstandthanawrittenexplanation.D.Sotheycanbreakthroughlanguagebarriers,andpromoteeasymunication.E.Forexample,youcouldselectanemojiofahousetosetyo