TCAAA 105-2023“和×荷”F1生产雪花牛肉饲养技术规范

ICS65.020.30T/CAAA105—20232023-10-10发布2023-11中国畜牧业协会发布T/CAAA105—2023本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由中国畜牧业协会提出并归口。本文件起草单位：北京九州大地生物技术集团股份有限公司、草原和牛投资有限公司、内蒙古元牛繁育科技有限公司、内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院、农业农村部食物与营养发展研究所、贵州现代生物科贵州省中润肉牛投资经营管理有限公司、山东和牛在行企业管理有限公司、大厂回族自治县顺泽肉类有——1T/CAAA105—2023"和×荷"F₁生产雪花牛肉饲养技术规范本文件规定了“和×荷”F₁牛场建设、饲料投入品、饲养管理、卫生防疫和废弃物处理的要求。本文件适用于“和×荷”F₁生产雪花牛肉。2规范性引用文件仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。GB/T36195畜禽粪便无害化处理技术规范NY/T388畜禽场环境质量标准NY/T471绿色食品饲料及饲料添加剂使用准则NY/T473绿色食品畜禽卫生防疫准则NY/T682畜禽场场区设计技术规范NY5027无公害食品畜禽饮用水水质NY/T5030无公害农产品兽药使用准则NY5126无公害食品肉牛饲养兽医防疫准则3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。由纯种和牛(父本)与荷斯坦牛(母本)杂交后生产的第一代牛。犊牛calf初生至6月龄的小牛。6月龄至9月龄，体重250kg～300kg的牛。9月龄开始肥育至28月龄以上且不大于30月龄出栏的牛。3.5肥育牛散养在小围栏内，采用自由采食、自由饮水、自由运动方式进行的肥育技术。雪花牛肉highmarbledbeef牛肉的肌纤维内均匀分布着白色脂肪，状似雪花的牛肉。4牛场建设4.1设计应符合NY/T682的要求。4.2环境应符合NY/T388的要求。5饲养投入品2T/CAAA105—20235.1饲料与添加剂品质应符合NY/T471的要求。5.2饮水水质应符合NY5027的要求。5.3疫苗应符合NY5126的要求。5.4兽药应符合NY/T5030的要求。6饲养管理6.1犊牛6.1.1犊牛信息记录犊牛信息记录见表1。表1犊牛信息记录表耳号性别出生体重出生日期毛色母牛号公牛号出生情况正常死胎畸形6.1.2营养需要6.1.3饲喂方案见附录B的表B.1和表B.2。6.1.4去角采用药物或去角器去角。出生后7日龄～20日龄进行。6.1.5去势公犊牛在5个月龄内去势。6.1.6体重监测见附录C。6.1.7分群2个月龄前，单独饲养。2月龄后，根据出生时间、体重、体况分群饲养。6.2架子牛6.2.1分群从6月龄犊牛群中挑选体重、月龄达标的健康牛，按性别(母牛、阉牛)分群，散栏饲养。6.2.2饲养密度3T/CAAA105—2023每头不小于4m²。6.2.3营养需要6.2.4饲喂方案6.2.5体重监测6.3肥育牛6.3.1分群6.3.2肥育期划分6.3.2.1肥育前期：9月龄～13月龄。6.3.2.2肥育中期：14月龄～20月龄。6.3.2.3肥育后期：21月龄～出栏。6.3.3饲养密度各阶段肥育牛的饲养密度见表2。表2肥育牛体重与对应饲养密度体重饲养密度m²/头250～3505.5～6.5351～4506.5～7.0451～5507.0～8.08.0～10.06.3.4饲喂通道采取过道式饲喂。过道宽度以送料车通过为宜，每头牛料槽空间45cm～65cm。6.3.5饮水槽按8～10头牛设置1个饮水槽，应满足自由饮水的要求。6.3.6牛体刷按8～10头牛安装1个全自动牛体刷。6.3.7营养需要见附录A的表A.3、表A.4和表A.5。6.3.8饲喂方案6.3.8.1全混合日粮饲喂，自由采食、饮水。6.3.8.2肥育后期通过降低日粮维生素A供给量或间歇饲喂方式控制维生素A供给量。6.3.8.3饲喂高精料时添加小苏打、复合益生菌制剂、生物发酵培养物、中药提取物等。具体饲喂方案见附录B的表B.4。47.3.1驱虫每年驱虫2次，3月份～4月份第1次驱虫，10月份～12月份第2次驱虫。7.3.2保健7.4消毒8废弃物处理5(资料性)“和×荷”F₁肉牛营养需要量“和×荷”F₁犊牛每日营养需要量见表A.1。体重日增重干物质采食量粗蛋白质总可消化养分代谢能钙磷维生素Akg/dkg/dkg/dMcal/d0.630.722.9050.730.8270.770.8360.900.9774.47984176.012.024976.752.146.3894.72.414454.72.682.178.114.72.952.408.972.654322.002.982.268.392.528.362.792.368.562.649.564.082.904.304.432.328.394.752.619.442.894.662.954.986T/CAAA105—2023体重日增重干物质采食量粗蛋白质总可消化养分代谢能钙磷维生素Akg/dkg/d%%Mcal/kg%%1000IU/kg0.6320.54.600.790.7323.64.552.050.960.7720.04.340.780.9023.34.340.7825.84.340.8721.00.5023.00.552.0224.60.592.142.980.890.422.410.462.680.492.9520.60.472.652.800.750.382.982.820.840.402.530.910.392.840.990.412.400.620.312.480.700.314.082.570.810.344.302.650.880.374.430.500.254.750.570.272.090.640.282.200.730.314.662.300.470.244.982.400.540.262.500.630.292.580.690.297T/CAAA105—2023体重日增重干物质采食量粗蛋白g/d代谢蛋白赖氨酸蛋氨酸总可消化养分代谢能Mcal/d增重净能Mcal/dg/d维生素A98T/CAAA105—2023表A.3“和×荷”F₁架子牛和肥育牛的每日营养需要量(续)体重日增重kg/d干物质采食量(DMI) kg/d粗蛋白代谢蛋白赖氨酸蛋氨酸总可消化养分kg/d代谢能 Mcal/d增重净能Mcal/dg/d维生素A0.608.856.6323.9927.68.0028.9727.645.99.2633.5327.648.89.8535.6727.60.609.186.9725.2329.70.809.9127.8929.78.4130.4329.742.09.0832.8629.70.609.4926.450.808.0729.218.8031.8541.09.4934.370.408.9329.86.8024.630.609.7827.620.808.4230.489.1833.22体重日增重kg/d干物质采食量(DMI)kg/d粗蛋白代谢蛋白赖氨酸蛋氨酸总可消化养分(TDN)kg/d代谢能 Mcal/d增重净能Mcal/dg/d维生素A0.400.520.162.300.850.420.232.130.804.820.620.202.410.940.570.270.710.222.530.700.336.040.790.252.640.810.360.404.600.490.152.340.880.390.222.300.800.580.182.450.970.500.256.330.660.212.570.600.286.960.730.232.680.690.320.600.520.162.440.950.410.232.226.680.590.182.550.490.250.660.212.670.560.278.070.720.222.790.640.309T/CAAA105—2023体重 日增重kg/d干物质采食量kg/d粗蛋白代谢蛋白赖氨酸蛋氨酸总可消化养分(TDN) kg/d代谢能 Mcal/d增重净能Mcal/dg/d维生素A0.606.290.500.162.480.980.380.222.360.560.182.590.440.232.038.160.620.192.710.510.268.830.680.212.830.560.274000.606.810.470.152.510.360.212.490.520.162.630.410.232.148.800.570.182.750.460.249.520.620.192.880.510.254500.600.440.142.550.320.212.628.450.490.152.680.380.212.269.390.530.172.800.420.222.030.570.182.920.460.240.600.420.132.590.330.212.758.940.460.142.720.360.212.379.930.490.152.840.390.212.130.530.162.960.420.220.608.130.400.132.630.320.252.879.400.430.142.760.340.222.480.460.142.880.370.212.240.470.152.950.380.212.150.608.500.390.122.670.310.252.999.820.410.132.800.330.222.590.430.132.930.110.340.212.340.440.142.990.350.212.250.608.850.370.122.710.310.250.390.122.840.310.232.700.410.132.970.320.212.440.410.130.330.212.340.609.180.360.112.750.300.250.809.910.360.112.810.300.242.990.370.122.880.300.242.810.380.122.950.300.232.660.609.490.350.112.790.300.250.800.350.112.850.290.240.350.112.920.290.242.920.360.112.990.290.232.760.408.930.330.102.760.310.280.609.780.330.102.830.290.270.800.330.102.890.290.260.340.112.960.280.25T/CAAA105—2023日粮粗料比%DM中性洗涤纤维%DM有效中性洗涤纤维%DM酸性洗涤纤维%DM淀粉%DM非纤维性碳水化合物%DM47～5547～52T/CAAA105—2023生后日龄d初乳L/d代乳粉开口料优质干草自由采食8h～12h0h～24h4～604～13— 40043～49注1:代乳粉温度：夏季37℃±0.5℃,冬季38℃±0.5℃。注2:“—”无数据。月龄M公犊牛kg/d母犊牛kg/d苜蓿羊草犊牛料苜蓿羊草3456注：“—”无数据。月龄M公牛kg/d母牛kg/d架子牛料羊草青贮架子牛料羊草青贮789T/CAAA105—2023肥育期月龄/M9精补料kg/d4.04.5粗料kg/d青贮4.04.0————————————————————干草————————————稻草合计总计kg/d注：“—”无数据。T/CAAA105—2023(资料性)“和×荷”F₁犊牛和架子牛的体重“和×荷”F₁犊牛和架子牛的体重见表C.1。表C.1“和×荷”F₁犊牛和架子牛的体重日龄d公牛母牛平均下限上限平均下限上限040.046.328.442.6744.147.048.843.446.866.740.961.468.461.749.