2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时检测二十Unit5WorkingtheLandPeriod4含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册

PAGE二十Unit5Period4Ⅰ.阅读理解(2024·天津高二检测)Chinaisalargeproducerandconsumerofrice.But,asaresultofclimatechange,theamountoflandavailableforricegrowinginthecountryisshrinking.TheconcernhasmotivatedscientistsledbyYuanLongping,knownas“thefatherofhybridrice”,tolookfornewwaysofgrowingthegrain.Nowthey’recelebratingsuccessfuleffortstogrowrice—insandandseawater.Riceistraditionallygrowninsoilandfreshwater.StartingfromJanuary,accordingtotheofficialXinhuaNewsAgency,thescientistshavegrowndozensofvarietiesofriceinthedesertsofDubai.Theyexperimentedwithseawaterbecauseitiseasiertoobtaininthedesertthanfreshwater.Chinaisnottheonlycountryfacingtheissueofoverlysaltysoil.Aroundtheworld,therearearound2.35billionacresofhighlysaline(含盐的)land.Andthenumberisincreasingbecauseofrisingsealevelsandclimatechange.“Probablyonlyasmallpartoftheworld’ssalinelandcouldbebroughtintoproductionwithseawaterrice,butthatwouldstillhaveaveryimportanteffectonfoodsecurity,”EvenR.Pay,asenioranalyst,said.YuantoldXinhuathatoneofthevarietiesofricegrowninDubaiproducedoverthreetons,peracre,whichYuansaidwasbeyondexpectations.Riceisthebasicfoodinmanypartsoftheworld.About90%ofriceconsumptionisfromAsia,butdemandinAfricaandLatinAmericaisontherise.Aclimatechangeresearchersaidthesuccessfulexperimentcouldpotentiallybenefitmanycountries.“Thisisafantasticdevelopment,whichislikelytohaveagoodeffectonagriculturalresourceandwater-poorcountries,particularlyinNorthAfricaregion.”Eventhoughthecostofgrowingsalt-tolerantriceisstillhigh,itwillalsohavestrategicvalueonceit’scommercialized.【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了在“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平带领下的科学家们在沙子和海水中种植水稻的试验。1.Whathascausedthescientiststofindnewwaysofgrowingrice?A.Theincreaseofriceconsumers.B.Thehighcostofriceproducing.C.Thelandshortageofricegrowing.D.Theseverepollutionoffreshwater.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据第一段其次、三句“But,asaresultofclimatechange...tolookfornewwaysofgrowingthegrain.”可知,能种植水稻的土地的削减促使科学家们去找寻种植水稻的新方法。2.Yuan’steamhavesuccessfullygrownriceinsandandseawaterin_______.

A.ChinaB.DubaiC.LatinAmerica D.NorthAfrica【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“StartingfromJanuary...havegrowndozensofvarietiesofriceinthedesertsofDubai.”和第五段中的“oneofthevarietiesofricegrowninDubai...”可知,袁隆平的团队在迪拜胜利种植了水稻。3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.About90%ofthericeisdemandedandconsumedinChina.B.Theproductionofanewtypeofriceislargerthanexpected.C.Theincreaseofsalinelandismainlycausedbyclimatechange.D.Seawaterisusedintheexperimentbecauseitischeapertogain.【解析】选B。推理推断题。依据第五段中的“oneofthevarietiesofricegrowninDubaiproducedoverthreetons,peracre,whichYuansaidwasbeyondexpectations”可知,其中一种在迪拜种植的水稻产量为每英亩三吨多,这超出了人们的预料,故选B。4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotherice-growingexperiment?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Critical. D.Disappointed.【解析】选B。观点看法题。依据最终一段“Eventhoughthecostofgrowingsalt-tolerantriceisstillhigh,itwillalsohavestrategicvalueonceit’scommercialized.”可推知,作者对这种水稻种植的试验持乐观的看法。Ⅱ.阅读填句What,intheWorld,IsaStandardDrink?Thecontroversy(争辩)overtheUK’snewsafedrinkingguidelinesrevealedhowmuchpeoplewithinacountrycandisagreeaboutdrinking.1Theamountofalcoholineachcountry’s“standarddrink”canrangefrom8to20grams.

It’sawidelyacceptedfactthatexcessivedrinkingofalcoholisbadforone’shealth.Butwhatconstitutesexcessivedrinking?AccordingtoanewreportpublishedbythescientificjournalAddiction,theanswertothatquestionvarieswidelybycountry.2

Researcherslookedat75countriesthatmightbeexpectedtoprovidelow-riskdrinkingguidelinesandadefinitionofa“standarddrink”.3Theirguidelinesand“standarddrink”definitionsweresurprisinglyinconsistent.

Inthemostconservativecountries,low-riskconsumptionmeansdrinkingnomorethan10gramsofpureethanol(乙醇)perdayforwomen,20gramsformen.Doyouwanttodrinkmore?InChile,youcandrink56gramsperdayandstillbealow-riskdrinker.Haveyougotareasontocelebrate?InAustralia,Canada,Denmark,Fiji,France,Mexico,NewZealand,PolandandtheUK,youareallowedtodrinkmoreonspecialoccasions.4InAustralia,Grenada,Portugal,andSouthAfrica,low-riskdrinkingguidelinesarethesameforwomenandmen.TheUKjoinsthatlistwithitsnewguidelines.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationdefinesastandarddrinkas10gramsofpureethanol,withbothmenandwomenadvisednottoexceed2standarddrinksperday.TheWHO’sdefinitionofastandarddrinkistheonemostoftenused.5

A.Only37(under50%)didso.B.Areyoutiredoftheolddoublestandard?C.Thesizeofastandarddrinkvariesby250%.D.Andmanycountriesdon’tprovideananswer.E.Itturnsoutthatcountriesdisagreewitheachother,too.F.Yet50%ofcountrieswithdrinkingguidelinesdon’tuseit.G.Youmaythinkyourcountryshouldhaveadifferentdefinitionofastandarddrink.【语篇概述】关于酒的标准饮用量。不同的人有不同的看法,不同的国家有不同的标准。1.【解析】选E。由空格前后的内容可知,不同的人对喝多少酒是平安的这一问题看法不一,不同国家的“标准饮酒量”也不尽相同。2.【解析】选D。由空格前面两句可知,针对多大量才是过度饮酒这个问题的答案因国而异,故D项(而且许多国家没有供应答案)符合语境。3.【解析】选A。由空格前后的内容可知,针对75个国家调查低风险饮酒的指导原则和对“标准饮酒量”的定义,各国给出的答案不一样。A项承接上文,讲解并描述只有37个国家供应了答案。4.【解析】选B。空格后面的内容提到一些国家给男士和女士定的平安饮酒标准是一样的。B项(你是否厌倦了这种落伍的双重标准?)引出下文。5.【解析】选F。由空格前面一句可知,世界卫生组织供应的标准饮酒量的定义是最常用的,F项承接上文,表达了意思上的转折——然而50%的国家都有自己的标准。Ⅲ.完形填空Windbreaks(防风林)helppreventthelossofsoil.Theystopthewindfromblowingsoilaway.Theyalsokeepthewindfromdamagingordestroying1.Windbreakscanbe2valuableforprotectinggraincrops.Forexample,studieshavebeendoneonwindbreaksinpartsofWestAfrica.Thesestudiesfoundthatgrain3weretwentypercenthigherinfieldsprotectedbywindbreaksthaninfields4them.

Buthereissomething5aboutwindbreaks.Theyseemto6bestwhentheyallowsomewindtopassthroughthebarrieroftreesorplantsaroundafield.Ifnot,thenthemovementofairclosetothegroundwill7thesoil.Thenthesoilwillbeblownaway.

Forthisreason,awindbreakismosteffectiveifit8onlysixtytoeightypercentofthetreesandplantsthatwouldbeneededtomakeasolidline.Aneasyruleto9isthatwindbreakscanprotectareasuptotentimesthe10ofthetallesttreesinthewindbreak.

Thereshouldbeatleasttwo11ineachwindbreak.Onelineshouldbelargetrees.Thesecondline,rightnexttoit,canbeshortertreesorotherplantswith12.Locallygrowntreesandplantsareconsideredthebestchoicesforwindbreaks.Studieshaveshownthatsomekindsoftreescangrowwell13thequalityofthelandisnotverygood.Onekindofthetreesisthewhitepine.Anotheristheloblollypine.Windbreaksnotonlyprotectlandandcropsfromthewind.Surplus(多余的)treescanbecutdownandusedorsoldformoney.Treesreducethedamagingeffectsofwindandrain.Theirrootshelpprotectsoilfrombeing14.Andtreescanprovideanothervaluable15foragriculture.Theycanprovideanimalswithshadefromthesun.

【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了防风林在改善生态环境、爱护农田土壤和降低灾难性天气对农作物的危害方面所发挥的重要作用。1.A.crops B.housesC.campsD.factories【解析】选A。结合下文中介绍的防风林对农作物的爱护作用可知,此处用crop(庄稼)。2.A.exactly B.highly C.slightly D.hardly【解析】选B。结合本段下文中举的例子可知,在爱护农作物方面,防风林起的作用特别大。highly“很,特别”。3.A.harvests B.areas C.prices D.supplies【解析】选A。本段强调防风林对农作物的重要爱护作用。因此此处说明有防风林爱护的农田的农作物的收成状况。4.A.around B.without C.beside D.with【解析】选B。比较的对象自然是那些“没有”防风林爱护的农田。5.A.serious B.wrong C.obvious D.interesting【解析】选D。依据下文的叙述可知,这种现象是一种比较“好玩的”现象。6.A.sell B.look C.grow D.work【解析】选D。这种好玩的现象是:防风林的密度刚好能让一些风通过时,起到的防护作用最好。work意为“起作用,有效”。7.A.leave B.block C.lift D.follow【解析】选C。肯定密度的防风林能够很好地爱护农田,假如密度过大,地面上方的空气运动就会把土壤掀起来。lift“举起,掀起”。8.A.contains B.divides C.raises D.serves【解析】选A。此处指防风林里所种植的树木和其他植物的数目和密度。contain“含有”。9.A.measure B.obey C.break D.remember【解析】选D。该空前的Aneasyrule提示,我们应当“记住”这样一条简洁的规律。10.A.weight B.height C.cost D.value【解析】选B。防风林能够爱护的土地面积大约是防风林里最高树木高度的十倍。选项中与前面的名词areas(面积)相关的只有height。11.A.lines B.rows C.trees D.kinds【解析】选A。下文中的Oneline和Thesecondline提示,此处指防风林应当由至少两“列”树木组成。12.A.fruit B.seeds C.flowers D.leaves【解析】选D。能够起到挡风作用的应当是树木和其他有“叶子”的植物。13.A.evenif B.incase C.asif D.nowthat【解析】选A。相关探讨表明,“即使”在土壤不是很肥沃的地方,有些树种依旧能生长得很好。14.A.builtup B.cutoffC.takenoff D.washedaway【解析】选D。树根有助于防止土壤流失。washaway“冲走,卷走”。buildup“加强”;cutoff“切断”;takeoff“脱掉,起飞”。15.A.skill B.advice C.service D.message【解析】选C。依据下一句的详细说明可知,树木还能给农业供应另一种特别有价值的“服务”——给动物供应阴凉。Ⅳ.语法填空(2024·桂林高二检测)Agriculturalexpertssaycropdiversityisimportanttofeedthe1.___________(increase)populationofourplanet.Theysayhavingalargevarietyofplantsalso2.(help)toprotectagainstpossiblecropdiseasesandfuturecrises.Butmanyexpertssaythenumberhasdecreasedsharplyduringthepastcentury.

Oneoftheworld’s3.___________(large)seedconservationprojectshaspredictedfurtherlosses.TheMillenniumSeedBankPartnershipiswarningthatuptoonehundredthousandplantspeciescould4.___________(permanent)disappear.Therichcollectionofgenes5.decidetheirqualitieswoulddisappearwiththem.

Manyexpertsblameclimatechange,lossofhabitatandnormalgrowtharea,fordamagingplantlife.Theysaymanyhuman6.___________(activity)andpoorlyplanned,overlyheavyuseoflandarealsoresponsible.Modernbusinessfarmingisresponsible7.___________lossoffarmers’traditionalcropvarieties.The“GreenRevolution”ofthetwentiethcenturychangedagriculture.Someexpertssaytheuseofmoderncommercialfarmingmethodssavedmillionsofpeoplefrom8.___________(starve).Farmersplanted,watered,andfertilizedtheircropswiththehelpofmachines.Theytreatedtheirfieldswithchemicals9.___________(control)diseasesandinsects.Harvestsgrewlargerandhigherquality,10.___________anotherresultwasthatsometraditionalcropswerelost.Damagetotheenvironmentoverthepastcenturymakespeoplebelievethatcropdiversityalsosuffered.

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,就作物多样性的危机问题进行了相关的介绍。1.【解析】increasing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,设空处修饰后面的名词population,且increase与population是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用increasing作定语。2.【解析】helps。考查动词时态和主谓一样。依据上下文可知这里的宾语从句应用一般现在时,同时从句的主语为havingalargevarietyofplants,谓语动词应用单数,故答案为helps。3.【解析】largest。考查形容词最高级。依据语境可知这里表达的意思是“世界上最大的种子保育项目之一已经预料到进一步的损失”。故这里用所给词的最高级形式largest。4.【解析】permanently。考查副词。分析句子成分可知,设空处修饰谓语动词disappear,故用副词permanently。5.【解析】that/which。考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,指代先行词genes,且在定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词that/which。6.【解析】activities。考查名词的数。分析句子成分可知,设空处前有many修饰,因此此处应用所给词的复数形式activities。7.【解析】for。考查介词。此处beresponsiblefor是固定用法,意思是“对……负责任”,故用介词for。8.【解析】starvation。考查名词。分析句子成分可知,设空处作介词from的宾语,故此处应用所给词的名词形式。9.【解析】tocontrol。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作目的状语,故用tocontrol作目的状语。10.【解析】but/while/yet。考查并列连词。依据语境可知,设空处的上句和下句之间是转折关系,故用表示转折的连词but/while/yet。阅读理解Weallknowthatmusichasthepowertocomfortuswhenwearetiredorstressed.Canitdothesameforanimals?In2001,researchersfromUniversityofLeicesterdecidedtotestthisbyexposingdairycowstodifferentmusicstyles.Theydiscoveredthatcertaintypesofmusichelpedcowsproduce3%moremilkthanthosethatonlyheardtheannoyingsoundsofmilkingmachines.Thejournalistsbeganbysiftingthroughthe2001UniversityofLeicesterstudytosearchforsongsthathadmadethecattlemoreproductive.Whattheyfoundwasthatsimilartohumans,tastesdifferamongcows.Someprefersoulfulmusicwhileothershaveapenchantforclassicalmusic.Basedontheirfindingsthemagazinereleasedtwoplayliststhattheybelievedwouldbewelcomedbymostdairycows.OneconsistsofsongslikeREM’sEverybodyHurts,ArethaFranklin’sversionofWhataDifferenceaDayMakesandSimonandGarfunkel’sclassicsongBridgeOverTroubledWater.TheotherincludesclassicalhitslikeBeethoven’sPastoralSymphonyandMozart’sConcertoforFluteandHarpinDMajor.Noneofthesongsonbothlistsarefastornoisytuneslikerapandtechnosongsthatappeartodisturbcowsratherthancalmthem.Besides,musicisnottheonlythingthatdairycowsenjoy.AfewyearsagoactorsinKent,EnglanddecidedtoseeiftheanimalslikedShakespearebyperformingTheMerryWivesofWindsortoalocalherd.Sureenough,theirmilkoutputincreasedmeasurably.Peoplebelievemusichelpstheanimalstorelaxandkeepcalm.Sothenexttimeyouvisitadairyfarmdon’tbesurprisedtosee