高中英语外研版必修第二册Unit 5 Period 3　Using language--ing as attributive

Period3Usinglanguage—-ingasattributive感知以下句子，并完成方框下面的练习1．Inlessthan18months，therewereover200,000peoplereadingmyblog!2．Itwasachallengingjob，butIdidit.3．NowIspendthreeweeksoutofeverymonthtravellingandhaveover464,000fansfollowingmeonline.4．...Ilovethebrightlightandamazingcolours：redrocks，greenplants，blue-greenwatersandblueskies.5．Ilovetophotographtherisingsun，soIforcemyselfintothenaturalworldbywakingearlyeachday.6．Overtime，thiscouldmakeheradangertopeoplelivinginthearea.7．Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.8．ThewashingmachineIboughtlastmonthdidn'tworkwell.1．以上句子中，句2,4和5中为单个的现在分词放在被修饰名词的前面作定语，被称为前置定语；句1,3和6中为现在分词短语放在被修饰名词的后面作定语，被称为后置定语。2．现在分词短语作后置定语时，其作用相当于一个定语从句，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示正在进行或习惯性的动作。3．句7、8中的-ing形式是动名词。动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能、属性或作用、用途，相当于由介词for构成的介词短语，常位于被修饰词之前。动词-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词，在英语中使用极其广泛，同时也是高考中的重要考点。1．动名词(短语)作定语表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲，相当于由介词for构成的介词短语，常置于被修饰词之前。aswimmingpool＝apoolforswimming游泳池areadingroom＝aroomforreading阅览室awashingmachine＝amachineforwashing洗衣机awalkingstick＝astickforwalking拐杖2．现在分词(短语)作定语(1)位置现在分词作定语在句中通常有两个位置：如果是单个的现在分词作定语，常放在被修饰词之前作前置定语；如果是现在分词短语作定语，则常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。Heisanattackingplayer.他是一名攻击型的运动员。Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他问了一个令人难堪的问题。Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.学走路的小孩常常摔倒。Doyouknowthenumberofpeoplecomingtotheparty？你知道来参加聚会的人数吗？(2)功能表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。asleepingbaby＝ababywhoissleeping一个正在睡觉的婴儿Theboystandingbythewindowismyclassmate.＝Theboywhoisstandingbythewindowismyclassmate.站在窗户旁边的那个男孩是我的同班同学。Thegirlperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.＝Thegirlwhoisperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.正在舞台上表演的那个女孩有舞蹈天赋。3．动词-ing形式作定语通常从以下四个方面考查(1)说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。Theysetupanoperatingtableinasmalltemple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。Hemaybeinthereadingroom，forallIknow.据我所知，他可能在阅览室里。Ladiesandgentlemen，pleasegoandwaitinthemeetingroom.女士们先生们，请到会议室等待。(2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。Therewereabout200childrenstudyingintheartschool.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。WhoisthewomantalkingtoourEnglishteacher?正在和我们的英语老师谈话的那位女士是谁？(3)有些动词-ing形式已经转化成形容词，常作定语用来修饰物，表示“令人……的”。常用的此类词有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，boring，tiring，touching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying，frightening等。Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.那准是一段可怕的经历。Theexperimentwasanamazingsuccess.那项实验取得了惊人的成功。(4)如果动词-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即beingdone。beingdone通常表示“正在被做”，常作后置定语。Thetallbuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewschool.这座正在建设中的高楼是我们的新学校。Thequestionbeingdiscussedwaspresentedbytheheadmaster.正在讨论的问题是由校长提出的。注意：在下列情况下，不能用现在分词(短语)作定语，应使用定语从句。(1)作定语的现在分词(短语)表示的动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作不是同时发生时，要使用定语从句。Theprofessorcominghereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.(×)Theprofessorwhocamehereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.(√)昨天来这儿的那位教授将给我们作讲座。(2)现在分词(短语)的完成式havingdone一般只用来作状语，不作定语。Thetemplehavingbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.(×)Thetemplewhichhasbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.(√)被地震破坏的庙宇很快将被重建。4．过去分词、现在分词的被动式和动词不定式的被动式作定语的区别(1)过去分词(done)作定语，表示被动动作已完成。Thestadiumbuiltlastyearisthebiggestoneinourcity.去年建造的体育场是我们市最大的一个。(2)现在分词的被动式(beingdone)作定语，表示被动动作正在发生。Thestadiumbeingbuiltnowwillbethebiggestoneinourcity.现在正在建造的体育场将是我们市最大的一个。(3)动词不定式的被动式(tobedone)作定语，表示被动动作将要发生。Thestadiumtobebuiltnextyearwillbethebiggestoneinourcity.明年将要建造的体育场将是我们市最大的一个。教材听力训练(见课堂精彩PPT)根据汉语提示补全短文Tomwasonhiswaytohisdestinationwhenhesawanoldman1.carryingawalkingstick(拿着拐杖的)crossingthestreet.Suddenlyhewashitbyacar2.comingfromtheoppositedirection(从相反方向来的)．Pedestrians3.passingby(路过的)allcametohelphim，butthecar4.knockinghimdown(撞倒他的)ranawayimmediately.Tomcalledthepolicequicklyandthankstothepeople5.offeringhelp(提供帮助的)，thedriverwasfinallycaught.Ⅰ.判断下列句子中加黑词汇的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词1．We'reonatightbudgetandwemustimproveourworkingmethod.动名词2．Lastnight，thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.现在分词3．Wecanwanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.现在分词4．Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbefore.现在分词5．IwasdrivingonmyroutewhenIsawaboyfallintotheswimmingpool.动名词Ⅱ.同义句转换1．Thefactorywhichproducescarsisdefinitelythelargestoneinourcountry.→Thefactoryproducingcarsisdefinitelythelargestoneinourcountry.2．Hisnewbookthatwillbepublishednextmonthisbasedonhisownchildhoodstory.→Hisnewbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonhisownchildhoodstory.3．Babysitterswholookaftersmallchildrenusuallygetpaidbythehour.→Babysitterslookingaftersmallchildrenusuallygetpaidbythehour.4．Thegirlwhoissittingnexttomeismybestfriend.→Thegirlsittingnexttomeismybestfriend.5．Itisoneoftheproblemsthatarebeingdiscussednowatthemeeting.→Itisoneoftheproblemsbeingdiscussednowatthemeeting.Ⅲ.完成句子1．Thewomansittingonthechair(坐在椅子上的)ismyteacher.2．Severalstudentsarereadingbooksinthewaitingroom(候车室)．3．Iwanttomakefriendswiththestudentsplayingbasketballnow(正在打篮球的)．4．Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcoveringthedesert(覆盖着沙漠)．5．Thestadiumbeingbuilt(在修建中的)atpresentisintendedforthecomingAsianGames.Ⅳ.阅读理解Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday，”explainedMichaelStrano，aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglowinexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种让植物发光的技术。1．Whatdoesthestudyinthefirstparagraphmainlyfind?A．Differentplantsbeautifythecities.B．Greenplantshavebenefits.C．Thereisabigfallincrimerates.D．Employeeslikegreenplants.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.”可知，第一段的研究主要发现了绿色植物有好处。故选B。2．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger. B．Tochangecompositionofplants.C．Totestchemicalsinplants. D．Todetectplants'lackofwater.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwater”可知，麻省理工学院的工程师在植物的叶子上打印的传感器的功能是监测植物是否缺水。故选D。3．Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaysendelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.”可知，发光植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．CouldGlowingPlantsReplaceLamps?B．CanWeGrowMoreGlowingPlants?C．HowDoWeLivewithGlowingPlants?D．HowAreGlowingPlantsMadePollution-free?答案A解析标题归纳题。根据最后一段以及全文可知，文章介绍了让植物发光的技术的研发过程及其优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。可知，A选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选A。Ⅴ.完形填空WhenIwas25yearsold，Ihadabigdreaminmymindandlotsofthingsinmybackpack.IwantedtotravelaroundAfricawithmy1.SoIleftmyhometownwithgreatconfidenceand2inCapeTownonaone-wayticket，notreally3whattodonext.Luckily，beforemytripactuallystarted，Imetakind，oldNigerianman.Hegavemethebesttravel4Ieverreceived:“Belikeastudentonyourwayaroundtheworld.”Itsounds5，butitreallychangedmymindabouttravelling.Hehelpedmerealizethattravelisaboutlearningandobservingdifferent6.“It'sfartooeasytogointoa7countryforyouandbelieveyourwaysarebetter.Butifyoustudy，askquestions，and8tolearnfromthelocals，you'llhavefarricherexperience，”hepromisedme.Onothertrips9IwasonmytourwaytoCancun，Ididn'tknowthemansoIwasjustatourist.Ionlystayedthereforaweektoseethe10andplacesofinterestandthenleft.Theculturedidn't11me.Ileftthecitiesandtownswithoutreally12anyoneoranything.ThosepeopleandthingsexistedinthoseveryplacestowhichIhad13avisit.Thistime，IpromisedmyselfthatIwouldbea14studenttraveller.Aftersevenmonthsof15travellingfromCapeTowntoCairo，Ireturnedhome.Havingastudent-likeattitudehelpedmelearnalot.Thistripsatisfiedmemorethananyothertripeverdidtome.语篇解读本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在环游非洲的旅途中遇到一位老人后改变了自己对旅行的看法。1．A.friend B．petC．backpack D．family答案C解析句意为：我想背着背包环游非洲。friend朋友；pet宠物；backpack背包；family家人。故选C。2．A.continued B．stoppedC．danced D．arrived答案D解析句意为：我满怀信心地离开了家乡，坐着单程票来到开普敦。continue继续；stop停止；dance跳舞；arrive到达。故选D。3．A.sure B．excitedC．afraid D．concerned答案A解析句意为：……坐着单程票来到开普敦，但并不确定下一步该做什么。sure肯定的，确定的；excited感到激动的；afraid害怕的；concerned关心的，担忧的。故选A。4．A.knowledge B．feelingC．advice D．reason答案C解析句意为：他给了我最好的旅行建议：像一个学生一样去环游世界。knowledge知识；feeling感觉；advice建议；reason理由。故选C。5．A.simple B．funnyC．boring D．foolish答案A解析句意为：这听起来很简单，但这确实改变了我对旅行的看法。simple简单的；funny滑稽的；boring令人厌烦的；foolish愚蠢的。故选A。6．A.cultures B．eventsC．places D．backgrounds答案A解析句意为：他帮助我认识到旅行就是学习和观察不同的文化。culture文化；event事件，公开活动；place地方；background背景。故选A。7．A.special B．magicC．new D．interesting答案C解析句意为：对你来说，去一个新的国家，相信你自己的方式更好，这太容易了。special特别的；magic有魔力的；new新的；interesting有趣的。故选C。8．A.accept B．tryC．decide D．forget答案B解析句意为：如果你学习、问问题并试图向当地人学习，你会拥有更加丰富多彩的体验。accept接受；try试图；decide决定；forget忘记。故选B。9．A.since B．whereC．when D．before答案C解析句意为：在我去坎昆的其他旅行中，我不认识这个人，所以我只是个游客。since自从；where在哪里；when当……时候；before在……之前。故选C。10．A.pictures B．sightsC．shows D．mountains答案B解析句意为：我只在那里待了一个星期，看看风景和名胜古迹，然后就离开了。picture图画；sight风景；show表演；mountain山脉。故选B。11．A.inspire B．changeC．help D．influence答案D解析句意为：文化并没有对我产生影响。inspire激发，鼓舞；change改变；help帮助；influence影响。故选D。12．A.refusing B．encouragingC．knowing D．teaching答案C解析句意为：我离开了那些城市和村镇，却没有真正了解到任何人或任何事。refuse拒绝；encourage鼓舞；know认识，了解；teach教。故选C。13．A.wanted B．paidC．organized D．broken答案B解析句意为：那些人和事就存在于我曾经去过的那些地方。want想；pay进行，给予；organize组织；break打破。payavisit参观，故选B。14．A.beautiful B．proudC．real D．wise答案C解析句意为：我向自己保证，这次我会成为一个真正的学生旅行者。beautiful美丽的；proud自豪的；real真正的；wise明智的。故选C。15．A.difficult B．successfulC．common D．challenging答案B解析句意为：在成功地从开普敦到开罗旅行了七个月之后，我回到了家。difficult困难的；successful成功的；common常见的，普遍的；challenging富于挑战性的。故选B。Ⅵ.语法填空OnthewestbankoftheGrandCanalinTongxiang，JiaxingCity，standsa1,300-year-oldancienttown—Wuzhen.Ariverdividesthewholewatertown1.fourscenicsections，Dongzha，Xizha，NanzhaandBeizha.Sincethelattertwoarelessdeveloped,2.(tour)oftenprefertovisitXizhaandDongzha.InXizha，onemaybeamazedattheterrificsceneofBridgeinBridge3.(create)bytwoancientbridges.OneofthebridgesisTongjiBridgecrossingtheriverfromeasttowestandtheotheriscalledRenjiBridge4.(run)fromsouthtonorth.Eitheroftwobridgescan5._________(see)throughthearchoftheother.6．(cover)anareaof900,000squaremeters，Dongzhahasmanyscenicspotsforpeople7.(explore)．Walkingalongtheancientstreets，youwillseemuseums8.__________localuniqueweddingandfolkcustomsonvariousfestivalsarebeingdisplayed.Youcanalsolearnabouttheinterestinglifestyleoflocalp