高中英语北师大版选择性必修一UNIT 3 Period 4　Lesson 3　The Road to Destruction-Reading Comprehension

Period4Lesson3TheRoadtoDestruction—ReadingComprehensionⅠ.匹配单词(请把单词和其对应的英语解释连线)1．destructionA．buildingorrepairingworkontheroad2．decade

B．followingapattern，especiallywiththesametimeorspace3．regular

C．theactofdestroyingsthortheprocessofbeingdestroyed4．stuckD．toshowormakeaconnectionbetweentwoormorethings5．roadworksE．unabletomoveortobemoved6．relateF．aperiodoftenyears答案1.C2.F3.B4.E5.A6.DⅡ.选词填空eq\x(takeaction/steps，sitaround，aroundthecorner，berelatedto，makeexcuses)1．Thereisnosensejustsittingaroundwhenfacingdifficulty.2．Itisyouthataretoblameforyourfailure；don’tmakeexcusesanymore.3．WiththeCollegeEntranceExaminationaroundthecorner，studentsgotincreasinglystressedout.4．Itishightimethatweshouldtakeaction/stepstoprotecttheendangeredspeciesfromdyingout.5．Believeitornot，researchershaveshownthatbodymassindex(BMI)isrelatedtowagesandincome.Ⅰ.Fast-readingformainideas1．Readthepassagequicklyandfillintheblanks.2．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Thetrafficconditionissoterriblethatweshouldstopdrivingcars.B．Whatweshoulddotosolvethetrafficproblems.C．Serioustrafficproblemshaveanegativeimpactonourlife.D．Theinfluenceofthetrafficproblemsandthepossiblesolutionstothem.答案DⅡ.Careful-readingfordetailsActivity1细节把握1．What’sthepurposeoftheconversationinPart1?A．Toshowtherearealotofsuchconversations.B．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.C．Toshowthereareaccidentseveryday.D．Toshowittakesalongtimetogotowork.答案B2．HowmanycarswerethereinBritain20yearsago?A．12.6million. B．18.4million.C．24million. D．25.6million.答案D3．What’stheadvantageoftakingpublictransport?A．Savingyourtime.B．Helpingyoulivelonger.C．Keepingyoufit.D．Relaxingyourself.答案D4．Fromthelastparagraphwecaninfertheauthor.A．willfollowthesuggestionsB．thinksthesuggestionsareuselessC．ismakinganexcusefordrivingthecarD．hasnochoicebuttodrivethecar答案CActivity2深层理解1．Whereisprobablythepassagefrom?A．Adiary.B．Afashionmagazine.C．Apersonalblog.D．Agovernmentreport.答案C2．Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A．Narrative(记叙文)．B．Argumentativewriting(议论文)．C．Expositorywriting(说明文)．D．Newsreport(新闻报道)．答案C3．Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribetheauthor’swritingstyle?A．Serious. B．Humourous.C．Interesting. D．Unique.答案BActivity1课文语法填空Carshavemadepeople1.angry(anger)，stressedoutandcausedtherealcostssocially.TakeBritainforexample，inthelast20years，thenumberofcarsontheroads2.hasgone(go)upby25%.Overthelastdecade，3.anaverageof2,500peoplehavediedeveryyearinvehicleaccidents.Trafficisoneofthemajor4.causes(cause)ofglobalwarmingandclimatechange.Almost30,000deathsperyeararecausedbyairpollution.Sometypesofcancerarerelated5.totrafficpollution.Herearesomeadviceabouthowtogiveup6.driving(drive)．Firstly，useyourlegs.Regularexercisecancuttheriskofheartdisease7.by50%！Secondly，usepublictransport.Thirdly，thinkbeforeyougo.Before8.getting(get)intoyourcar，thinkabout9.whetheryoureallyneedtomakethatjourney.Besides，sharecars.Itismuchcheaperand10.kinder(kind)totheenvironment.Lastly，takeaction!Don’tjustsitaroundandcomplain!Activity2长难句理解1．Howoftendowearriveatworkorschool，stressedout，tiredandangry?[句式分析]此句是简单句，形容词短语stressedout，tiredandangry在句中作状语。[自主翻译]又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁？2．Butpersonalangerandstressarenothingcomparedtotherealcostssocially.[句式分析]此句是简单句，comparedto意为“与……相比”，可以看作过去分词短语作状语，也可以看作状语从句的省略，即省略了主语和be动词。[自主翻译]但是和真正的社会损失相比，个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提。3．Beforeyougetintoyourcar，thinkaboutwhetheryoureallyneedtomakethatjourney.[句式分析]此句是复合句，Before引导时间状语从句，主句是祈使句，句中的whether引导宾语从句。[自主翻译]在上车之前，想想你是否真的需要开车去那个地方。4．Weoftenthinkthereisnothingwecandoaboutthenoise，pollutionanddangeroftraffic.[句式分析]此句是复合句，主句的谓语动词是think，其后是省略了that的宾语从句；宾语从句中的wecandoabout...是省略引导词that的定语从句，其先行词是不定代词nothing。[自主翻译]我们经常觉得面对噪音、污染和交通危险，自己无能为力。Ⅰ.阅读理解ATraditionalcar-centeredtransportplanninghasnotonlyincreasedgreenhousegasemissions，butalsoharmfullyimpactedairquality，roadinjuriesanddeaths，andtrafficjams.Astheworldfacestheclimatecrisis，aswellasgrowingrisksinroadsafety，ashifttosustainabletransportisneeded.Attainingandsustaininghighratesofwalkingandcycling—alsoknownasactivemobility—areamongthemostpowerfulchangescommunitiescanmake.Itdoesbringnumerouseconomic，environment，healthandsocialbenefitstothecommunity.First，highratesofactivemobilityleadtogreaterconnectivity，reducedtrafficandparkingjam，morereliabletraveltimesandincreasedpublictransitridership.CitiesinSoutheastAsialose2%to5%oftheirannualGDPtotrafficjam，withManilainthePhilippinessufferingtheworstlossat$67millionperday.Improvingwalkingandcyclingsystemscanhelptolessenthefinanciallossassociatedwithit.Second，activetravelcanhelpreduceemissionstoachieveglobaltargets.Citiescontribute70%oftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissionsand21%ofthesecomefromurbantransportalone.Shiftingtowalkingandcyclingisthequickestandmostefficientwaytominimizethecarbonfootprintoftransport.Third，positiveeffectsonpublichealtharealsoabundantwithsafewalkingandcyclingsystems.Forexample，theWorldHealthOrganizationfoundthatenhancingsustainablemobilityinAccra，Ghana，couldsaveupto5,500deathsandanadditional33,000livesfromincreasedphysicalactivityovera35-yearperiod—andasavingof$15billioninhealthcarecosts.Finally，travelingbyfootorbikeevenimprovesjusticeandsocialunity.AfterIstanbul，Turkey，pedestrianized(步行化)itscity，asurveyshowedthat68%ofpedestriansinterviewedfeltmorecomfortableinthearea.Manylow-incomepopulationsalsolivewithlittletransportaccessorunsafeandinconvenientroutestotheirdestinations.Constructingsafeactivetravelnetworkscanimproveaccesstoopportunitiesandservicesforthesedisadvantagedgroups.Inconclusion，people’sphysical，mental，socialandeconomichealthbenefitfromtheabilitytowalkorbikeinsafeenvironments.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。传统的以汽车为中心的交通严重影响着环境质量，转变为以步行和骑自行车为主的可持续性交通模式很有必要。1．Whatcanwelearnaboutthecar-centeredtransport?A．Itisknownasactivemobility.B．Itcanhaveaharmfulimpactonairquality.C．Itcanbringnumeroussocialbenefitstothecommunity.D．Itisamongthemostpowerfulchangescommunitiescanmake.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，以汽车为中心的交通方式对空气质量有坏的影响。故选B项。2．Whichisabenefitofactivemobility?A．Avoidingthehealthcarecosts.B．Solvingsometrafficproblems.C．Increasingthegreenhousegasemissions.D．Improvingaccessfortheadvantagedgroups.答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句可知，高流动性的好处是能够解决一些交通问题。故选B项。3．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Tointroducethebenefitsofwalkingandcycling.B．Tourgepeopletowalkandcycleasmuchaspossible.C．Toshowwaysofdevelopingthehabitofwalkingandcycling.D．Toexplaintheconsequencesoftraditionalcar-centeredtransport.答案A解析写作意图题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍步行和骑车的好处。故选A项。BFromthelossofwildlifetorisingsealevels，we’reallwellawareoftheproblemsthatclimatechangecouldcause.Butwhileitmayseemlikesuchissueswon’taffectmostofusdirectly，itlookslikefuturegenerationscouldgrowupwithoutsomethingthatmanyofusnowtakeforgranted:chocolate.AccordingtoanessaypublishedbytheUSNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration，changesoftheclimateintheareasthatproducecacao—theplantfromwhichchocolateisproduced—maymeanthatitwillsoonbecomeextinct.Mostoftheworld’scacaogrowsincountriesclosetotheequator(赤道)，withoverhalfofitgrowingintheAfricannationsofGhanaandIvoryCoast.It’spredictedthatby2050，climatechangewillhavespeduptherateatwhichtemperaturesinthesecountriesrise，makingitextremelydifficultforcacaotogrowthere.Theproblemdoesn’tlieinincreasingheat，butinlowerhumidity(湿度)，asit’sbelievedthatrainfallwillstayatthesamelevelifthetemperaturerises.“Inotherwords，ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants，it’sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoistureloss，”wroteMichonScott，theessay’sauthor.Tohelpfightthisproblem，researchersfromBerkeleyUniversityintheUSareworkingonchangingtheDNAofcacaoplantstoallowthemtosurviveindryerconditionsbyusinggene(基因)editingtechnology，accordingtoUSNews.Inthemeantime，Mars，oneoftheworld’sbiggestcompaniesofchocolateproducts，announcedthatitwouldspend1billiondollarshelpingreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.“Thisisaworldissue，anditrequireseveryonetoworktogether，”MarsspokespersonBarryParkintoldBusinessInsider.Themessagehereisthatifwealldoourpart，wemaybeabletopreventsomeoftheworstinfluencesofclimatechange.Orifwe’reunlucky，chocolatewillbecomeathingofthepast.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了由于气候变化，用于制造巧克力的可可树未来可能会灭绝，研究人员正力图解决这一问题。4．Whatwillmakeithardforcacaotosurvivearoundtheequatorinthefuture?A．Theincreasingheat.B．Thehigherhumidity.C．Themoisturelossinthesoil.D．Thedecreaseofrainfall.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Theproblemdoesn’tlieinincreasingheat，butinlowerhumidity(湿度)”和第四段内容可知，将来可可树难以存活是因为土壤中水分的流失。故选C项。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Makeup. B．Addup.C．Dryup. D．Useup.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants，it’sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoistureloss”可知，高温会加速水分蒸发，而降雨量不可能增长到足以抵消水分的流失，由此推知画线词的意思是“抵消；补上”。故选A项。6．WhatwillMarsdotohelpcacaosurvive?A．Itwillworkhardtoplantcacaoingreenhouses.B．Itwillusethegeneeditingtechnologytoplantcacao.C．Itwilldevelopcacaothatcansurviveindryerconditions.D．Itwillgivefinancialsupporttohelpfightclimatechange.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的最后一句可知，美国的玛氏公司将提供经济支援，用来降低气候变化带来的影响。故选D项。7．Whatisthisarticlemainlyabout?A．Somenewresearchandfindingsaboutgrowingcacao.B．Theinfluencethatcacaoplantshaveonclimatechange.C．Problemscacaoplantscouldfaceandthepossiblesolutions.D．Thesignificanceofworkingtogethertofightclimatechange.答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段可知，本文主要讲由于气候变化，用于制造巧克力的可可树未来可能会灭绝，人们正在努力避免这一趋势。所以本文主要介绍了可可树面临的问题及可能的解决方案。故选C项。CBreathingdirtyaircancostsomeone’slifespan(寿命)months—evenyears，anewstudyfinds.Worldwide，airpollutionlowersaveragelifespansbyayear.ScientistssharedtheirnewfindingsinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters.Airpollutionhasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthproblems.Mostearlierstudieshavelookedathowtinyairpollutantsaffectedratesofillnessordeath.Butnowanenvironmentalscientist，JoshuaApte，isgoingevenfurther.HeworksattheUniversityofTexas，Austin.Hetogetherwithhisteamislookingatlifeexpectancy，hopingtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.PM2.5iswhatscientistscalltinyparticlesofpollutionintheair.HigherlevelsofPM2.5cancausehealthproblemsandcutmonths，ifnotyears，fromtheaveragelifespan.Thisanalysisshowspollutionaffectslifeexpectancyindifferentpartsoftheworld.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendslimitingPM2.5to10micrograms(微克)percubic(立方)meterofair.Apte’sgroupuseddatatotrytofindhowthislowlevelwouldhelppeople.ButmeetingtheWHOstandardwon’tgetridofhealthdamagefromdirtyair.That’sbecauseevenbelow10microgramspercubicmeterpollutionstillcauseshugerisks.Reducingairpollutioncouldincreaselifeexpectancy.Thescientistsalsocomparedhowotherthreatsshortenlifespansacrosstheglobe.Theseriskfactorsincludedsmokingandcancer.Theseresultsshowthatinpoorcountries，cleaningupdirtyaircouldgreatlyincreaselifespans.Itcouldhaveasbiganeffectascleaningupdrinkingwater，orcuringlungcancer.However，inwealthiercountriesairpollutionshortenslifeexpectancybylessthanhalfayear.Allformsofcancer，infact，shortentheaveragelifeexpectancybymorethan3.5years.“Knowingthiscanreallyhelppeople，orpolicymakers，decidewheretospendtheirmoney，”saysKirkSmith.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了空气污染会缩短人类寿命的科学研究。8．WhyisJoshuaApte’steamcarryingoutthestudy?A．Toknowhowsmallairpollutantsare.B．Tostudymanydifferenthealthyproblems.C．Toletpeopleunderstandairpollutionbetter.D．Tostudythelifeexpectancyofdifferentpeople.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Butnowanenvironmentalscientist，JoshuaApte....hopingtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.”可知，约书亚·阿普特的团队进行这项研究，是为了让人们更好地了解空气污染。故选C。9．WhatwillhappenifonecountrylimitsPM2.5to10microgramspercubemeter?A．Itsairisveryclean.B．Itstillhaspollutionrisks.C．ItwillgetaprizefromWHO.D．Itspeoplewillliveahealthylife.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“That’sbecauseevenbelow10microgramspercubicmeterpollutionstillcauseshugerisks.”可知，如果一个国家将PM2.5限制在每立方米10微克，它仍然有污染风险。故选B。10．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．It’sveryhardtocleanupdirtyairinashorttime.B．Lungcanceristheleadingkillerinallkindsofcancers.C．Reducingairpollutioncanincreaseallpeople’slifespansmuch.D．Thestudywillhelpdifferentcountriesorpeopletakedifferentpolicies.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Knowingthiscanreallyhelppeople，orpolicymakers，decidewheretospendtheirmoney”可推断，这项研究将帮助不同的国家或人民采取不同的政策。故选D。11．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AirPollutionIsShorteningLivesWorldwideB．ManyFactorsAreAffectingPeople’sHealthC．GovernmentsAreTryingtoMakeLifespanLongerD．TheEffectofCancerIsWorsethanDirtyAir答案A解析标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第一段中的“Breathingdirtyaircancostsomeone’slifespan(寿命)months—evenyears，anewstudyfinds.”可知，文章阐述了空气污染会缩短人类寿命的科学研究。所以A项“空气污染正在世界范围内缩短人类的寿命”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。Ⅱ.七选五Trafficjamisaseriousproblemincitiesworldwide.Therearesimplytoomanyvehiclescompetingfortoolittlespace.ThecompanyTomTom，whichdoesresearchontrafficincitiesworldwide，estimatedthatin2015theaveragecommuter(上下班往返的人)wasted100hoursduringtheeveningrushhouralone.Inadditiontowastingpeople’stime，trafficjamshavemanyothernegativeeffects.1.Trafficjamshavenegativeeffectsondrivers，citiesandtheenvironment.Tobeginwith，theycausestresstodrivers，whichmayleadtohealthproblemsorroadrage.2.Trafficjamswastefuel，whichinturnproducesmorecarbondioxidethroughcarexhaustandcontributestothegreenhouseeffect.3，itisimportantforcitiesandgovernmentseverywheretotakestepstoreduceroadjams.Themostobvioussolutionsinvolveengineering.Thismeansbuildingmoreroadswithwiderlanessoth