北京市东城区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷 含解析

东城区2023—2024学年度第二学期期末统一检测高一英语2024.7本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共三节，39分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ileftmyhomecountrytopursueadoctor’sdegreeintheUK.IthoughtIwassupposedtofocusonlyonthe___1___.So,whencolleaguesinvitedmetojointhemforacoffeechat,Itendedtokindlyreply“Maybenexttime”.Ispentmydaysmostlyalone,___2___inmywork.EventuallyIfoundIwasfightingincreasing___3___tillithitabreakingpoint.Thenightswerelonganddark.Iscrolledsocialmediatopassthetime.Ieventried“talking”toChatGPT.ButIcouldn’tfeelbetter.Itwasmytutor,Ms.Murphywhofinallyhelpedmeseemy___4___fromanewperspective(视角).AfterItoldherhowIhadbeenfeelingtheselastmonths,she___5___,“Perhapsitisnotaboutfindingsomeonetotalktoatnight.Maybeitisabouttalkingtomoreofyourcolleaguesduringtheday.”HersuggestionmademerealizethatIhadbeenlookingfortheanswerinthe___6___direction.Shehelpedmeseethatjoininginthepeoplearoundmewouldimprovemystateofmindandeven___7___mywork.Ibegantochatwithfriendsmoreandrealizedwewerealldealingwithchallenges,professionallyandpersonally.Ican’tdoeverything___8___.Instead,Ishouldteamwithfriendsandworktogetheroncommongoalsandchallenges.Ialsoneedtotakesometimeawayfromworktoenjoypreviously___9___partsoflife.Thatishowlifeshouldbe,enrichedandcolorful.Thenightsarestillaslongasbefore.However,theyarenotas____10____,asIhaveseenthebrightlightintheday.1.A.health B.work C.custom D.life2.A.settled B.hired C.accepted D.buried3.A.loneliness B.tiredness C.carelessness D.selfishness4.A.education B.situation C.intention D.emotion5.A.announced B.continued C.advised D.whispered6.A.same B.general C.new D.wrong7.A.contributeto B.resultin C.watchover D.setanexamplefor8.A.creatively B.independently C.gradually D.regularly9.A.assumed B.selected C.ignored D.judged10.A.busy B.short C.dark D.silent【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.B5.C6.D7.A8.B9.C10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者离开祖国去英国读博，因整日埋头于学业而倍感孤独，为了战胜孤独，作者开始建立自己的交际圈，在与朋友交流的过程中体会到自己应该和朋友合作，而不是独立解决所有困难。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为我应该只专注于工作。A.health健康；B.work工作；C.custom习俗；D.life生活。根据下文“Ispentmydaysmostlyalone,___2___inmywork”可知，作者专注于工作，故选B。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我大部分时间都是一个人，埋头工作。A.settled定居；B.hired雇用；C.accepted接受；D.buried专心于。根据上文“IthoughtIwassupposedtofocusonlyonthe___1___.”中的“focuson”可知，此处指一个人埋头工作，故选D。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我发现自己一直在与日益增加的孤独感作斗争，直到它达到了极限。A.loneliness孤独；B.tiredness疲惫；C.carelessness粗心；D.selfishness自私。根据上文“Ispentmydaysmostlyalone”可知，作者感到孤独，故选A。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：是我的导师Murphy女士最终帮助我从一个新的角度看待我的处境。A.education教育；B.situation情况；C.intention意图；D.emotion情感。结合上文“ButIcouldn’tfeelbetter.”以及空后“fromanewperspective(视角)”可知，作者只埋头于工作，孤独无法排解，此处指导师Murphy女士最终帮助作者从一个新的角度看待自己的处境，故选B。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我告诉她我最近几个月的感受之后，她建议说：“也许这不是找个人在晚上说话的问题。也许是在白天和更多的同事交谈。”A.announced宣布；B.continued继续；C.advised建议；D.whispered耳语。根据下文“Hersuggestion”可知，导师给作者提建议，故选C。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的建议使我意识到我一直在错误的方向寻找答案。A.same相同的；B.general一般的；C.new新的；D.wrong错误的。上文“So,whencolleaguesinvitedmetojointhemforacoffeechat,Itendedtokindlyreply“Maybenexttime”.Ispentmydaysmostlyalone(因此，当同事邀请我和他们一起喝咖啡聊天时，我往往会友好地回答：‘也许下次吧’。我大部分时间都是独自度过的)”提到作者不和周围人社交，根据下文“Shehelpedmeseethatjoininginthepeoplearoundmewouldimprovemystateofmind”可知，导师帮助作者认识到，加入周围的人会改善精神状态，故作者之前一直在错误的方向寻找答案，故选D。【7题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她帮助我认识到，加入我周围的人会改善我的精神状态，甚至有助于我的工作。A.contributeto有助于，促进；B.resultin导致；C.watchover照看；D.setanexamplefor为……树立榜样。空处和“improvemystateofmind”并列，是说明好处，even表示递进关系，故此处指加入周围的人会改善精神状态，甚至有助于工作，故选A。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不能独立做每件事。A.creatively创造性地；B.independently独立地；C.gradually逐渐地；D.regularly有规律地。根据下文“Instead,Ishouldteamwithfriendsandworktogetheroncommongoalsandchallenges.(相反，我应该与朋友合作，为共同的目标和挑战而努力)”可知，不能独立做每件事情，故选B。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也需要从工作中抽出一些时间来享受以前被忽视的生活。A.assumed假设；B.selected选择；C.ignored忽视；D.judged评价。根据上文“So,whencolleaguesinvitedmetojointhemforacoffeechat,Itendedtokindlyreply“Maybenexttime”.(因此，当同事邀请我和他们一起喝咖啡聊天时，我往往会友好地回答：‘也许下次吧’)”可知，以前作者会拒绝同事的邀请，即忽视工作以外的社交生活，故此处指需要从工作中抽出一些时间来享受以前被忽视的生活，故选C。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，它们并不像以前那样黑暗，因为我在白天看到过明亮的光。A.busy忙碌的；B.short短的；C.dark黑暗的；D.silent沉默的，寂静的。此处呼应首段中“Thenightswerelonganddark.”，结合空后“asIhaveseenthebrightlightintheday”可知，作者见过白天明亮的光，故夜晚不像以前那么黑暗了，故选C。第二节选词填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从每篇短文上面的方框中选择合适的单词或词组，并用其正确形式填空。每组词中有一词为多余选项。fadeaway,creative,significant,typical,giveupCustomsplaya____11____roleinfestivals,butsometimestheycanchangeovertime.Withthedevelopmentofmodernsocietyandthespreadofnewideas,sometraditionsmay____12____andothersmaybeestablished.Oneexampleisthe____13____ChineseSpringFestivalcustomoflightingfirecrackerstodriveawaytheevilspiritsandcelebratethenewyear.Nowadays,manybigcities____14____thiscustominordertoavoidairpollution.AnotherexampleisHalloween,whichslowlybecameanexcitingfestivalforchildren,inspiteofitsreligiousorigins.【答案】11.significant12fadeaway13.typical14.havegivenup【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论了节日习俗的重要性以及它们随着时间、社会的发展和新思想的传播而发生的变化。11题详解】考查形容词。句意：习俗在节日中扮演着重要的角色，但有时它们会随着时间而改变。根据句意，需要一个形容词来修饰角色。选项中significant（重要的）和typical（典型的）都是形容词，但根据语境，习俗在节日中通常是重要的，因此选择significant。故填significant。【12题详解】考查动词短语。句意：随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，一些传统可能会逐渐消失，而其他传统可能会被建立起来。这里需要一个动词来和下文的establish形成对比。选项中fadeaway（逐渐消失）符合句意，表示传统可能会逐渐消失或不再流行。故填fadeaway。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：一个例子是典型的中国春节放鞭炮的习俗，用以驱赶邪灵并庆祝新年。这里需要一个形容词来修饰习俗。根据语境，春节放鞭炮是一个具有代表性的传统，因此选择typical（典型的）。故填typical。【14题详解】考查动词短语。句意：如今，为了减少空气污染，许多大城市放弃了这一习俗。空处缺少谓语，根据下文的“avoidairpollution”可知，此处表示很多大城市放弃了这一习俗。giveup（放弃）符合句意，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，所以空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have/hasdone,主语是复数，所以此处助动词需用have。故填havegivenup。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从每篇短文上面的方框中选择合适的单词或词组，并用其正确形式填空。每组词中有一词为多余选项。observe,establish,launch,approachChinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003.FollowingShenzhou5,6and7,China____15____theTiangong2spacelabintospaceandTianzhou1todockwithit.ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splan____16____aspacestationinthefuture.Morerecently,ChinahassentChang’e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomakemeasurementsand____17____.【答案】15.launched16.toestablish17.observations【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了中国在航空航天方面的成就。【15题详解】考查动词。句意：继神舟5号、6号和7号之后，中国将天宫2号空间实验室送入太空，并将天舟1号与之对接。结合空后的“theTiangong2spacelabintospace”可知，此处指“中国将天宫2号空间实验室送入太空”，launch“发射”，动词，句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填launched。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这标志着中国在未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。结合句意及空后的“aspacestation”可知，此处指“建立空间站”，establish“建立”，动词，使用不定式作名词plan的后置定语，故填toestablish。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：最近，中国发射了嫦娥四号探测月球背面的表面，进行测量和观测。根据“ChinahassentChang’e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoon”可知，此处指“中国发射了嫦娥四号探测月球背面的表面，进行测量和观测”，observe“观察”，动词，空处和measurements并列作宾语，应用名词复数形式observations，故填observations。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从短文上面的方框中选择合适的单词或词组，并用其正确形式填空。每组词中有一词为多余选项。thus,maintain,onthebasisof,particular,familiarOnlinerelationshipsmaynotbewhattheyappeartobe.Friendshipsarebuilt____18____trust,andwithonlinecommunicationyoucanneverbe100percentsurethatthepeopleyouarechattingtoarebeinghonestaboutwhotheyare.Becauseofthis,goingonlinecanbe____19____dangerousforpeoplewhoareeasilyinfluencedortootrusting.____20____,friendsshouldfocusmoreonface-to-facecommunication,andlessononlinecommunication.Thisisthebestwayto____21____healthyrelationships.【答案】18.onthebasisof19.particularly20.Thus21.maintain【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了网络关系的潜在风险，强调了在线交流中信任的不确定性，并建议为了维持健康的人际关系，朋友之间应该增加面对面的交流，减少网络交流。【18题详解】考查介词短语。句意：友谊是建立在信任的基础上的，通过在线交流，你永远无法百分百确定与你聊天的人对自己是谁是诚实的。句子主干成分完整，空处应该是和trust搭配，作状语，结合“Friendshipsarebuilt”可推知，介词短语onthebasisof“在……的基础上”符合题意，表示友谊是建立在信任的基础上的。故填onthebasisof。【19题详解】考查副词。句意：正因为如此，上网对那些容易受影响或过于轻信的人来说尤其危险。空处修饰形容词dangerous，结合“peoplewhoareeasilyinfluencedortootrusting”可推知，形容词particular的副词形式particularly“尤其”符合题意，作状语，表示对那些容易受影响或过于轻信的人来说尤其危险。故填particularly。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：因此，朋友之间应该多面对面交流，少在网上交流。句子主干成分完整，结合空处位于第二段的句首，是基于第一段的内容给出建议可推知，副词thus“因此”符合题意，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Thus。【21题详解】考查动词。句意：这是维持健康关系的最好方法。way后通常跟动词不定式作定语，表示“……的方法”，结合“healthyrelationships”可推知，动词maintain“维系，维持”符合题意，表示维持健康关系，且maintain应用原形。故填maintain。D阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从每篇短文上面的方框中选择合适的单词或词组，并用其正确形式填空。每组词中有一词为多余选项。concern，hire,access,grateful，enableWorkingatabookstorewasadreamjobforJoel.Hecouldn’tbelievehe____22____onthedayofhisinterview.Joelfelt____23____tobeworkingatwherehewas.Joellovedreadingbooksinhissparetime.WorkingatabookstorenotonlygaveJoel____24____tobooks,but____25____himtointeractwithotherfellowbookworms.Joeloftenwouldrecommendbookstocustomers,andcustomerswoulddothesameforJoel.【答案】22.washired23.

grateful24.access25.enabled【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文主要介绍了Joel在书店的工作。【22题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：他不敢相信自己在面试当天就被录用了。根据上文“Workingatabookstore”以及空后“onthedayofhisinterview”可知，此处指“他不敢相信自己在面试当天就被录用了”，hire“雇用”，动词，和主语he之间是被动关系，且是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填washired。【23题详解】考查形容词。句意：Joel很感激能在他所在的地方工作。根据上文“WorkingatabookstorewasadreamjobforJoel.(在书店工作是Joel梦寐以求的工作)”可知，此处指“Joel很感激能在他所在的地方工作”，grateful“感激的”，形容词，作表语，故填grateful。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：在书店工作不仅让Joel有机会接触书籍，还让他可以与其他书虫进行互动。根据“Workingatabookstore”可知，此处指“在书店工作不仅让Joel有机会接触书籍”，access“（使用或见到的）机会，权利”，不可数名词，作宾语，故填access。【25题详解】考查动词。句意：同上。结合“himtointeractwithotherfellowbookworms”可知，此处指“让他可以与其他书虫进行互动”，enable“使能够，使成为可能”，动词，enablesbtodosth“使某人能做某事”，结合gave可知句子是一般过去时，此处使用动词过去式，故填enabled。第三节翻译句子（共7小题；每小题2分，共14分）请将下面的中文句子翻译成英文，翻译时须运用括号内所给的词汇或语法。请将答案书写在答题卡相应位置。26.我很乐意做你的导游。(willing)(汉译英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】I’mwillingtobeyourguide.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。“乐意做某事”使用固定短语bewillingtodosth，“导游”使用名词guide，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，故翻译为：I’mwillingtobeyourguide.27.我们用了几个小时研究这个国家的历史。(spend)(汉译英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Wespentseveralhoursstudyingthehistoryofthecountry.【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。表示“花费时间做某事”用spendtimedoingsth.，study(研究)使用动名词形式作宾语，表示“几个小时”用severalhours；表示“研究这个国家的历史”用studythehistoryofthecountry。句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故翻译为Wespentseveralhoursstudyingthehistoryofthecountry.28.尽管有挑战，他仍然保持积极。(inspiteof)(汉译英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Inspiteofthechallenges,hestillremainspositive.【解析】【详解】考查介词短语。“尽管”使用介词短语inspiteof，“有挑战”使用名词复数challenges作宾语，“仍然”使用副词still，“保持”使用连系动词remain，“积极”使用形容词positive作表语，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主要he表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数，故翻译为：Inspiteofthechallenges,hestillremainspositive.29.受到老师的鼓励，她决定参加书法比赛。(动词过去分词形式；thecalligraphycompetition)(汉译英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Inspiredbytheteacher,shehasdecidedtotakepartinthecalligraphycompetition.【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词、动词短语和名词（短语）。“受到老师的鼓励”可看作是原因状语，用非谓语表示，“受到……的鼓励”可用过去分词短语inspiredby，“老师”可用名词theteacher，动词inspire和teacher是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语；句子可视为描述过去发生的行为现在产生的结果，时态宜用现在完成时，主语“她”用代词she，“决定做某事”可用动词短语decidetodosth.，“参加”可用动词短语takepartin，“书法比赛”应用名词短语thecalligraphycompetition。故可译为：Inspiredbytheteacher,shehasdecidedtotakepartinthecalligraphycompetition.30.属于不同国家的文化会有一些相同之处。(belongto)(汉译英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Culturesbelongingtodifferentcountrieshavesomesimilarities./Culturesbelongingtodifferentcountrieshavesomethingincommon.【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。表示“文化”用culture，此处表示复数意义，故用cultures；表示“属于”用belongto，此处使用现在分词作后置定语，表示“不同的国家”用differentcountries；表示“有着一些相同之处”用havesomesimilarities或者havesomethingincommon。句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。故答案为Culturesbelongingtodifferentcountrieshavesomesimilarities./Culturesbelongingtodifferentcountrieshavesomethingincommon.31.图书馆是人们可以利用大量信息的地方。(定语从句)(汉译英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Thelibraryisaplacewherepeoplecanutilizeavastamountofinformation.【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。题目要求使用定语从句翻译，经分析，可以将图书馆作为先行词，主句翻译为Thelibraryisaplace，从句是“在图书馆人们可以利用大量信息”，也就是先行词place在从句中充当地点状语，使用where引导从句。从句中，“利用”可翻译为utilize，“大量信息”可翻译为avastamountofinformation，描述客观事实，整个句子使用一般现在时即可。故整句可翻译为Thelibraryisaplacewherepeoplecanutilizeavastamountofinformation.32.互联网已令我们的生活大为改善。(被动语态)(汉译英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】OurlifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。“我们的生活”译为ourlife，作主语，“改善”使用动词improve，“大为”使用副词greatly修饰动词，主语和动词improve之间是被动关系，且此处描述过去发生的事情对现在的影响，使用现在完成时的被动语态，由介词by引出动作的执行者，主语表示单数意义，助动词使用has，故翻译为：OurlifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATylerDisonhadjustfinishedhisnightshift(夜班)whenacallcameacrosstheradio.Anapartmentnearthepolicestationhadcaughtfireandthedispatcher(调度员)reporteda3-year-oldchildtrappedinside.Thoughfirefighterswereontheway,Tylerknewhecouldgettheresooner.Andso,the25-year-oldpoliceofficerracedtothescenedeterminedtohelp.“Imustsavethischildatallcosts,”hethought.WhenTylerDisonarrivedattheapartmentbuilding,hesawfireflamesshootingoutofthewindows.Thepoliceofficergavenothoughttohisownsafety.Instead,herushedintotheflames.Rushingintotheapartmentfilledwithflamesandthick,blacksmoke.Tylerimmediatelybegansearchingforthechild.Theheatwasunbearablebutthebraveofficerrefusedtogiveupuntil,atlast,helocatedthechild.OfficerDisonracedoutwiththe3-year-oldboyinhisarms,takingthechildtohispolicecar.Thebraveherothendrovetomeettheambulance(救护车)halfwaysotheboycouldreceivemedicalattentionasquicklyaspossible.“IfIhadn’tdonesomething,thatbabywouldhavedied,”OfficerDisonexplained.“Hisbreathingwasveryshallow,andhewasn’treallyresponding.”OfficerDisongotburnedinhisarm.However,itdidn’tmattertoTylerDison.Allhecaredaboutwassavingthe3-year-old.Andthankstohiscourage,thelittleboygotthehelpheneededandisgoingtobejustfine.“I’msohappythatbabyisdoingOK,”Tylersaid.“Igrewupinthistown,Iwanttoprotectitalways.”ThecallTylerDisonreceivedthatdaywasunlikeanyonehehadeverexperienced.Evenso,whenhearrivedatthescene,Tyler’spasttrainingandhisdeepdesiretosavelivestoldhimjustwhattodo.33.WhatdidTylerDisonchoosetodoafterhereceivedthecall?A.Calltheambulance. B.Jointhefirefighters.C.Rushtothefirescene. D.Finishhisnightshift.34.Theboy’slifewasfinallysavedbecause______.A.herefusedtogiveuphopeB.hereceivedtreatmentintimeC.DisonhelpedhimgethisbreathbackD.Disonwastednotimeputtingoutthefire35.WhatarethebestwordstodescribeTylerDison?A.Responsibleandhonest. B.Braveandadventurous.C.Courageousandselfless. D.Independentandhumorous.【答案】33.C34.B35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，25岁的警官TylerDison在准备下班时得知有一处公寓着火了，一个3岁的男童被困其中，他立刻驱车赶到火灾现场，不顾自身安危冲进着火的公寓楼，将男童及时救了出来。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thoughfirefighterswereontheway,Tylerknewhecouldgettheresooner.Andso,the25-year-oldpoliceofficerracedtothescenedeterminedtohelp.(虽然消防员已经在路上了，但Tyler知道他可以更快到达那里。于是，这位25岁的警察迅速赶到现场，决心提供帮助)”可知，TylerDison在接到电话后选择赶往火灾现场，故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thebraveherothendrovetomeettheambulance(救护车)halfwaysotheboycouldreceivemedicalattentionasquicklyaspossible.(这位勇敢的英雄随后开车去接救护车，以便男孩能尽快接受治疗。)”和倒数第三段中“Andthankstohiscourage,thelittleboygotthehelpheneededandisgoingtobejustfine.(多亏了他的勇气，小男孩得到了他需要的帮助，很快就会好起来的)”可知，男孩最终被救是因为他得到了及时的治疗，故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thepoliceofficergavenothoughttohisownsafety.Instead,herushedintotheflames.(那个警察没有考虑到自己的安全。相反，他冲向了火焰)”和第四段中“Theheatwasunbearablebutthebraveofficerrefusedtogiveup(酷热难耐，但这位勇敢的军官拒绝放弃)”以及倒数第三段中“Allhecaredaboutwassavingthe3-year-old.(他只想着救那个三岁的孩子)”可知，TylerDison勇敢无私，故选C。BNowadays,thestreamingmusicfieldisfilledwithseeminglysimilarservicesandinterchangeablefunctions.However,adeeperdiveshowsthatmanyofthehighest-ratedstreamingmusicappsincludeawiderangeoffeatures.We’vetestedthenotablenamestohelpyounarrowdownyourchoices.WhyWePickedItLiveOnefeaturesadeepwellofqualitylisteningmaterial,whichincludesinformativeDJs,numerouspodcasts(播客)radiotheatres,andconcertstreams.WhoIt’sForRockmusicfanswilldigLiveOne,whichfocusesonthelivemusicexperience.Ifyourfavoritebandiscomingtotown,youcanpurchaseticketstoseeashowinpersonorenjoytheshowvialivestreamonyourmobilephone.WhyWePickedItByjoiningliveradio,in-studioartistinterviews,andtraditionalstreamingaudiotogether,SiriusXMownsitssecrettosuccess.Anextremelygenerousthree-monthtryoutletsyouexploretheservice’sofferingsbeforepayingcash.WhoIt’sForSiriusXMistheperfectserviceforradioloverswhowanttopursuelifestyleandnewshows.There’sacomfortingnostalgia(怀旧)thatcomesfromsurfingchannelsontheradio,andSiriusXMbringsthatold-schoolmemoriestoyourvehicleormobiledevice.WhyWePickedItThemusicstreamingindustryisaparticularlycompetitivefield,soDeezer,whichenteredthescenein2016,hasitscompetitiveness.Still,Deezerisawell-roundedpackagethatoffersmusic,liveradioshow,andpodcasts,aswellasafewinterestingpartstomaketheserviceworthyourwhile.WhoIt’sForOneofDeezer’smostinterestingfeaturesisitsabilitytoimportMP3files.Ifyouhaveyourfavoritemusicfilessavedonacomputer,youcanuploadthemtoyouraccountviaDeezer’swebsite.WhyWePickedItThere’snoshortageofstreamingmusicservicesthathighlighttrendingmusic.Whenitcomestoclassicalmusic,however,manyservicesfallshort.Idagiooffersalargerecordofhigh-qualityclassicalmusic,aswellaslive-streamedconcertsandinterviews.WhoIt’sForThereareplentyofmusicstreamingserviceswithclassicaltunes,butIdagiohasthetype-specifictoolsyouneedtofindthemusicyouwant.36.Ifyouwanttoexperiencelive-streamedclassicalmusic,youcandownload______.A.LiveOne B.SiriusXM C.Deezer D.Idagio37.WhatmakesSiriusXMdifferentfromothers?A.Itprovidesliveradioshow. B.Itoffersshort-termfreeuse.C.Itispopularwitholdschools. D.Itcanbeusedonmobilephones.38.Thepassageisintendedto______.A.introducethemusiconmusicappsBsharethefeaturesofdifferentmusicappsC.rateservicesonthefourpopularmusicappsD.giveinstructionsonthedownloadofmusicapps【答案】36.D37.B38.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个音乐流媒体平台。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中最后一个部分中的“Whenitcomestoclassicalmusic,however,manyservicesfallshort.Idagiooffersalargerecordofhigh-qualityclassicalmusic,aswellaslive-streamedconcertsandinterviews.(然而，当涉及到古典音乐时，许多服务都不足。Idagio提供了高质量的古典音乐，以及直播音乐会和采访的大量记录。)”可知，如果对古典音乐感兴趣，可以选择Idagio。故选D。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中第二部分中“Anextremelygenerousthree-monthtryoutletsyouexploretheservice’sofferingsbeforepayingcash.(一个极其慷慨的三个月试用让你在支付现金之前探索服务的产品。)”可知，该音乐流媒体平台提供短期的免费使用，使其与众不同。故选B。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Nowadays,thestreamingmusicfieldisfilledwithseeminglysimilarservicesandinterchangeablefunctions.However,adeeperdiveshowsthatmanyofthehighest-ratedstreamingmusicappsincludeawiderangeoffeatures.We’vetestedthenotablenamestohelpyounarrowdownyourchoices.(如今，流媒体音乐领域充斥着看似相似的服务和可互换的功能。然而，更深入的研究表明，许多排名最高的流媒体音乐应用程序都包含了广泛的功能。我们测试了一些著名的名字，以帮助你缩小选择范围。)”可知，文章的目的是许多排名最高的流媒体音乐应用程序都包含了广泛的功能，文章对此进行介绍即分享不同音乐应用程序的功能。故选B。CArsenyMoskvichevdreamsofthedayhecanhaveameaningfulconversationwithartificialintelligence.ButtheproblemisthatLargeLanguageModels(LLMs)arecompleteamnesiacs.“Eventhemostadvancedchatbotscanonlyprocessabout16,000wordsoftextwithinaprompt(提示框)wheninconversationwithahumanuser,”saysthecognitiveandcomputerscientist.“Theyonlyhavesomuchcontexttheycanattendto.Ifyou’reoutofthiscontext,theyforgeteverythingyouspokeaboutwiththem.Andtheycan’tconnecttheinformationtheyreceiveduringdifferent‘conversations’withahuman,orbuildastoryline.”Tohelpchatbotsimprovetheircomprehensionofthedeepcomplexities(复杂性)ofcontext,Moskvichevandhiscolleaguesareteachingthemtoreadnovels,thewaywemightlearntoreadtheminhighschoolliteratureclasses.Theactofreadinganovelmightseemlikeanentertaining(娱乐的)pastime,butitrequiresintelligence.Weusememoryandcomplexcomprehensiontofollowmultiplecharactersthroughplots,scenechanges,andnarrative.Theaveragenovelaveragesaround80,000words.Allthosewordsgraduallybuildastoryweholdandexamineinourminds.ButsuchskillsarecurrentlyoutofreachtoLLMs,whichcanprocesstextbutcannotbesaidtoreadthewaywedo.Moskvichevandhisgroupbuiltanewdatabasefrom1,500books.TheytrainLLMsinreadingcomprehensionbyhavingtheAIreadabookinthedatabase,analyzinglongstretchesoftext,thenaskingittofindacorrectscenesummaryfromapoolofoptions.AsatrainingtoolthedatabaseoffersmorethanamillionquestionsforLLMstopracticeon.However,toaccuratelysummarizeabookrequiressomeonetoreadit,anddesignthetrainingquestions.“It’sveryexpensivetocollectadatasetofthistype,”Moskvichevsays.Itisherethatthescientistsshowedtheirpowerofcreativeimagination—theygotChatGPT-3.5tosummarizeshortbooksections.Itisanexampleofamachinebeingusedtotrainamorepowerfulmachine.WhileMoskvichevandhisgrouphavefoundtheLLMsstillmakemistakesabouthalfofthetime,theyhaveobservedsignificantimprovementintrainedLLMperformanceversusuntrained.“There’sstillroomforimprovement,”Moskvichevsays.39.Theunderlinedword“amnesiacs”inPara1referstothepeoplewho______.A.tendtoforgetthings B.arepooratgivingspeechC.sticktoone’sownopinion D.havetroubleanalyzingtexts40.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.WhatisrelatedtohumansandAIneedsdeepcomprehension.B.WhatmatterstoAImaybeofthesameimportanceforhumans.C.WhathumansdotorelaxthemselvescanbeabigtroubleforAI.D.WhathumansandAIsharemaybesomeseeminglysimpleskills.41.ForMoskvichevandhisgroup,whatisthechallengeofbuildingtrainingtoolsforchatbots?A.Raisingnarrativeability. B.Seekingsuitablenovels.C.Designingtrainingtools. D.Findinghumanresources.42.WhatisMoskvichev’sattitudetowardLLMs’future?A.Positive. B.Doubtful. C.Worried. D.Changing.【答案】39.A40.C41.D42.A【解析】【导语】本文的体裁是说明文，主要介绍了人工智能领域中大型语言模型（LLMs）在处理上下文理解方面的局限性，以及科学家ArsenyMoskvichev和他的团队如何通过训练这些模型阅读小说来提高它们的阅读理解能力。【39题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段“Theyonlyhavesomuchcontexttheycanattendto.Ifyou’reoutofthiscontext,theyforgeteverythingyouspokeaboutwiththem.Andtheycan’tconnecttheinformationtheyreceiveduringdifferent“conversations”withahuman,orbuildastoryline.(他们只能关注有限的上下文。如果你离开了这个上下文，他们会忘记你和他们说过的一切。他们无法将在不同“对话”中接收到的信息联系起来，也无法构建一个故事线)”可知，LLMs只能关注有限的上下文，超出范围就会忘记，所以“ButtheproblemisthatLargeLanguageModels(LLMs)arecomplete

amnesiacs.(但问题是大型语言模型（LLMs）是完全

amnesiacs。”中的“amnesiacs”指的是会忘记事情的人。故选A项。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Theactofreadinganovelmightseemlikeanentertaining(娱乐的)pastime,butitrequiresintelligence.Weusememoryandcomplexcomprehensiontofollowmultiplecharactersthroughplots,scenechanges,andnarrative.Theaveragenovelaveragesaround80,000words.Allthosewordsgraduallybuildastoryweholdandexamineinourminds.ButsuchskillsarecurrentlyoutofreachtoLLMs,whichcanprocesstextbutcannotbesaidtoreadthewaywedo(阅读小说的行为可能看起来像是一种娱乐性的消遣，但它需要智力。我们使用记忆和复杂的理解能力来跟随多个角色在情节、场景变化和叙述中的发展。平均而言，一本小说大约有80,000个单词。所有这些单词逐渐构建了一个我们在脑海中持有并审视的故事。但这样的技能目前对LLMs来说还遥不可及，它们可以处理文本，但不能像我们这样阅读)”可知第二段主要讲述了阅读小说这一人类的娱乐活动需要运用记忆和复杂的理解能力，而目前LLMs还无法达到这种能力，即阅读这一对人类来说是放松自己的活动，对AI来说却是一项巨大的挑战。故选C项。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“However,toaccuratelysummarizeabookrequiressomeonetoreadit,anddesignthetrainingquestions.“It’sveryexpensivetocollectadatasetofthistype,”Moskvichevsays.(然而，要准确地总结一本书需要有人去阅读它，并设计训练问题。‘收集这种类型的数据集非常昂贵，’莫斯克维奇说)”可知，为聊天机器人构建训练工具的挑战在于需要有人阅读书籍并设计训练问题，而收集这种类型的数据集非常昂贵；由此推知，Moskvichev和他的团队在为聊天机器人构建训练工具时面临的挑战是找到人力资源。故选D项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“WhileMoskvichevandhisgrouphavefoundtheLLMsstillmakemistakesabouthalfofthetime,theyhaveobservedsignificantimprovementintrainedLLMperformanceversusuntrained.“There’sstillroomforimprovement,”Moskvichevsays.(虽然Moskvichev和他的团队发现LLMs仍然有一半的时间会犯错误，但他们观察到训练过的LLM性能相比未训练的有了显著提升。‘还有改进的空间，’Moskvichev说)”可知，尽管还有错误和改进的空间，但他们看到了训练后的进步；因此，Moskvichev对LLMs的未来持积极态度。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Traditionsareawayoflifeformanypeople.Theyarepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration,oftenwithlittlechangeovertime.____43____Dotheylosetheirmeaningandsignificance,ordotheyadaptandbecomemoreconnectedtothecurrenttimes?Traditionsareoftenseenasunchangingpartsofculture.However,theyarenotcarvedinstone.____44____Forexample,sometraditionalcelebrationsmayincludenewactivitiesortechnologiesthatwerenotpresentinthepast,buttheystillkeepthekeyelementsthatmakethecelebrationunique.____45____Sometraditionsmaychangeduetotheinfluenceofotherculturesornewtechnologies.Othersmayevolve(演变)duetoshiftsinvalues.Aperfectexampleisweddingtraditions.Modernweddingsmayabsorbtraditionalaspectslikethewhitedress,butmayalsoincludenewerideasliketechnology-enhanceddesign.Whenatraditionchanges,thereisalwaysthepossibilityforittoloseitssignificanceormeaning.Forexample,ifacommunity’straditionalharvestcelebrationischangedtoincludenewtechnology,itmaynotfeeltraditionalanymore.____46____Thosewhohavekeptupwiththechangingtimeswhilestillpreservingtheirculturalheritagehavefoundwaystorevivetheirtraditionsandevenmakethemmoreinterestingandrelatedtothegeneralpeople.Inconclusion,traditionisever-evolving.____47____Instead,theygivethetraditionsmeaningandresonate(共鸣)withpeopleinnewandexcitingways.Thus,whiletraditionsmaychange,theyarestillimportanttoholdontoour