2024年人教版高二英语讲义（选择性必第三册）Unit 3 Environmental Protection：Period 1 Reading and Thinking（学案）（解析版）

选择性必修第三册Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionPeriod1ReadingandThinking001预习导学Ⅰ单词认读关(先填后记诵)一、基础词汇记其形1.

____________

vt.

&

n.

排放；释放；发布2.

____________

vt.

维持；遭受；承受住3.

____________

adj.

可持续的；合理利用的4.

____________

adj.

全部的；所有的；详尽的5.

____________

adv.

遍及全球地

adj.

世界各地的；影响全世界的6.

____________

n.

趋势；趋向；动向7.

____________

adv.

频繁地；经常8.

____________

n.

政策；方针；原则9.

____________

vt.

限制；限定；束缚10.

________

vi.

&

vt.

改革；（使）改正；改造

n.

改革；变革；改良11.

____________

adj.

适度的；中等的；温和的

vi.

&

vt.

缓和；使适中12.

____________

vt.

&

vi.

提交；呈递；屈服13.

____________

adj.

每年的；一年的

n.

年刊；年鉴14.

____________

adj.

敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的1.

release

vt.

&

n.

排放；释放；发布2.

sustain

vt.

维持；遭受；承受住3.

sustainable

adj.

可持续的；合理利用的4.

comprehensive

adj.

全部的；所有的；详尽的5.

worldwide

adv.

遍及全球地

adj.

世界各地的；影响全世界的6.

trend

n.

趋势；趋向；动向7.

frequently

adv.

频繁地；经常8.

policy

n.

政策；方针；原则9.

restrict

vt.

限制；限定；束缚10.

reform

vi.

&

vt.

改革；（使）改正；改造

n.

改革；变革；改良11.

moderate

adj.

适度的；中等的；温和的

vi.&vt.

缓和；使适中12.

submit

vt.

&

vi.

提交；呈递；屈服13.

annual

adj.

每年的；一年的

n.

年刊；年鉴14.

sensitive

adj.

敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的二、核心词汇记中变1.starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→____________n.饿死→____________adj.极饿的2.habitableadj.适合居住的→____________adj.不适宜居住的3.sustainvt.维持；遭受；承受住→____________adj.可持续的；合理利用的→____________n.持续性；能维持性4.frequentadj.频繁的；时常发生的v.常去，常到→____________adv.频繁地；经常→____________n.频率；频繁5.restrictvt.限制；限定；束缚→____________n.限制规定；限制法规；约束→____________adj.受限制的6.harmonyn.协调；和睦；融洽→____________adj.和谐的7.moderateadj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.&vt.缓和；使适中→____________n.适度；适中；合理8.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→____________n.提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服9.annualadj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴→____________adv.每年地10.smogn.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)→____________adj.烟雾弥漫的11.originn.起源；源头；起因→____________adj.最初的；原始的→____________adv.最初；起初→____________vi.&vt.起源；发源；创立1.starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvationn.饿死→starvingadj.极饿的2.habitableadj.适合居住的→inhabitableadj.不适宜居住的3.sustainvt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainableadj.可持续的；合理利用的→sustainabilityn.持续性；能维持性4.frequentadj.频繁的；时常发生的v.常去，常到→frequentlyadv.频繁地；经常→frequencyn.频率；频繁5.restrictvt.限制；限定；束缚→restrictionn.限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictedadj.受限制的6.harmonyn.协调；和睦；融洽→harmoniousadj.和谐的7.moderateadj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.&vt.缓和；使适中→moderationn.适度；适中；合理8.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submissionn.提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服9.annualadj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴→annuallyadv.每年地10.smogn.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)→smoggyadj.烟雾弥漫的11.originn.起源；源头；起因→originaladj.最初的；原始的→originallyadv.最初；起初→originatevi.&vt.起源；发源；创立三、阅读词汇识其义1.

graph

____________________2.

emission

____________________3.

melt

____________________4.

starve

____________________5.

seal

____________________6.

ecology

____________________7.

methane

____________________8.

carbon

____________________9.

dioxide

____________________10.

carbondioxide

____________________11.

habitable

____________________12.

fossil

____________________13.

fuel

____________________14.

fossilfuel

____________________15.

broadcast

____________________16.

footprint

____________________17.

restriction

____________________18.

seize ____________________19.

basin

____________________20.

penguin

____________________21.

undergo

____________________22.

implement ____________________23.

harmonious

____________________24.

tropical

____________________25.

chaos

____________________26.

onbehalfof

____________________27.

nuclear

____________________28.

jungle

____________________29.

smog

____________________30.

originate ____________________1.

graph

n.

图；图表；曲线图2.

emission

n.

排放物；散发物；排放3.

melt

vi.

&

vt.

（使）融化；熔化；软化4.

starve

vi.

&

vt.

（使）挨饿；饿死5.

seal

n.

海豹6.

ecology

n.

生态；生态学7.

methane

n.

甲烷；沼气8.

carbon

n.

碳9.

dioxide

n.

二氧化物10.

carbondioxide

二氧化碳11.

habitable

adj.

适合居住的12.

fossil

n.

化石13.

fuel

n.

燃料；刺激性言行14.

fossilfuel

化石燃料（如煤或石油）15.

broadcast

vt.

&

vi.

播送；广播；传播

n.

广播节目；电视节目16.

footprint

n.

足迹；（某物所占的）空间量；面积17.

restriction

n.

限制规定；限制法规；约束18.

seize

vt.

抓住；夺取；控制19.

basin

n.

流域；盆地；盆20.

penguin

n.

企鹅21.

undergo

vt.

经历；经受（变化、不快等）22.

implement

vt.

使生效；贯彻；执行23.

harmonious

adj.

和谐的24.

tropical

adj.

热带的；来自热带的25.

chaos

n.

混乱；杂乱；紊乱26.

onbehalfof

代表（代替）某人27.

nuclear

adj.

原子能的；核能的；原子核的28.

jungle

n.

（热带）丛林；密林29.

smog

n.

烟雾（烟与雾混合的空气污染物）30.

originate

vi.&vt.

起源；发源；创立Ⅱ语块记诵关(先填后记诵)1 ____________________正在融化的冰2 ____________________为……提供依据/证据3 ____________________急剧变化4 ____________________皮包骨5 ____________________吸收热量6 ____________________维系生命7 ____________________大量的8 ____________________化石燃料9 ____________________付出巨大的代价10 ____________________持久的变化11 ____________________制定政策12 ____________________抓住机会13 ____________________规划；安排14 ____________________因果1 meltingice 正在融化的冰2 provideevidenceof 为……提供依据/证据3 adramaticchange 急剧变化4 skinandbones 皮包骨5 traptheheat 吸收热量6 sustainlife 维系生命7 hugeamountsof 大量的8 fossilfuels 化石燃料9 payahighprice 付出巨大的代价10 long-lastingchanges 持久的变化11 makepolicies 制定政策12 seizetheopportunity 抓住机会13 mapout 规划；安排14 causeandeffect 因果Ⅲ.佳句赏析关(先赏后译)1.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。2.Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore,soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。002语篇理解Step1Pre­reading1.What’shappeninginthevideo?Whereisit?2.Whatcausesthisphenomenon?Answer:1.ThevideoshowedusGlaciermelting,wecanseealargepieceoficebreakingoffalargeglacier.ItislikelytobeintheArcticorAntarcticaorsomewherenearby.2.Globalwarmingcausesit.TherisingtemperatureoftheEarthistheprimaryreasonglaciershavestartedtomeltmore,andthisclimatechangecanbedirectlytiedbacktohumanactivity.Step2While­readingTask1:Fastreading1.Lookatthetitleandgraphofthepassage,Whatkindofreadingpassageisit?Howdoyouknow?2.Whatisthegraphabout?Whatinformationcanyougetfromit?3.Findthekeysentenceofeachparagraphandsummarizethemainideaofeachpart.Task2:Readfordetails1.ReadPara1-2andanswerthequestions:Whathappenedtothepolarbearinthephoto?Whydidthewriterwriteaboutit?Whatevidenceofclimatechangecanyoufindinthesetwoparagraphs?Findthecauseandeffectthatcanshowhowclimatechangehasinfluencedthepolarbear’slife?2.ReadPara3andfindinformationabout“greenhouseeffect”.3.ReadPara4andsortoutthetextinformationrelationship.4.ReadPara5andanswerthequestions:Howcanindividualsreduce“carbonfootprint”?Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthistext?答案：Task1.1.Expositorytext(说明文)Becauseintheexpositorytext,theauthorssometimesusesomegraphsordiagramsintheiressaysinordertoconvincetheirreaders.Thesegraphsanddiagramsoftencomefromscientificresearchreportsandotherreliableresources.2.ThegraphshowsthechangeintheGlobalSurfaceTemperaturebetween1920and2016.Itshowsthetemperatureanomaly(反常现象),whichshowshowmuchthetemperaturehasrisenabovewhatitwouldusuallybeatabaselevel.3.Task21.Para.1-2Thepolarbearinthephotodiedofstarvation.Thewriterwroteaboutitbecauseitshowedoneoftheeffectsofrisingtemperaturesduetoclimatechange.Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.2.Para.33.Para.44.Para.5Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Theauthor’spurposeistoinformthereadersandinspirethemtodowhatevertheycantodealwiththisproblem.Step3Post­reading1.Doyouthinkclimatechangeistheresultofhumanactivity?Giveyourreasons.2.Whodoyouthinkshouldtakeresponsibilityfordealingwithclimatechange?Whatcanwedo?1.Idothinkthatclimatechangeistheresultofhumanactivitiesbecausethemajorityofscientistsalsothinkso,andalsobecauseglobaltemperatureshavefollowedtheriseinglobalemissionsandpopulation.2.Ithinkweallneedtotakeresponsibilityfordealingwithit.Individualscanchangetheirbehaviourandtrytoreducetheircarbonfootprint,whilecompaniesandgovernmentscandothesameonthelargerscale.Step4HomeworkSearchforsomerulesandregulationssetupbythegovernmentandexplainthecoreideaasmuchaspossiblenextperiod.003语言学习Part1核心词汇1.starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvationn.饥饿；饿死→starvingadj.极饿的【用法归纳】starvetodeath饿死bestarvingforsth渴望某物bestarvingtodosth渴望做某事dieof/fromstarvation饿死【学以致用】单句语法填空/补全句子①Whatshockedthescientistswasthatmanysealsdiedfrom__________(starve)becausetheycouldn’tfindenoughfoodtoeat.②I__________________studyEnglishwell，becausemasteringEnglishmeanswecanseetheworldthroughanewwindow.我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。答案starvation,amstarvingto2.seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制；理解【用法归纳】seizesbbythearm抓住某人的胳膊seizeachance/anopportunity抓住机会表情感的名词＋seizesb＝sbbeseizedwith/by＋表情感的名词，表示“某人感到……”【学以致用】猜测词义/补全句子①Janewasquicktoseizethemeaningofwhattheteachersaidatthemeeting.vt._________②Giventhatyoudon’tgetalongwellwithoralEnglish，___________________________________________________________________.(建议信)鉴于你口语不好，我强烈建议你抓住每个机会说英语。③ThemomentIsawmyfather’scloudyface，____________________________________________________.我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。答案理解,Istronglysuggestthatyou(should)seizeeverychancetospeakEnglish,panicseizedme/Iwasseizedwith/bypanic3.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submissionn.提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服【用法归纳】submitsthtosb将某物提交给某人submit(oneself)to屈从于……【学以致用】单句语法填空/补全句子①Inspiteofchallengesandhardshipsinmydailylife，Ideclinetosubmit________them.②And_______________________________________________Englishcorner@126.combeforeMay30，2023.记得在2023年5月30日前将你的论文提交到Englishcorner@126.com。答案to,remembertosubmityouressay(s)to4.onbehalfofsb代表(代替)某人【用法归纳】onone’sbehalf代表某人representsb代表某人standfor代表，象征【学以致用】一句多译代表学生会，我写信邀请您下周三下午3点到5点给我们做讲座。(邀请信)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案→OnbehalfoftheStudentUnion，I’mwritingtoinviteyoutogiveusalecturefrom3：00pmto5：00pmnextWednesday.→RepresentingtheStudentUnion，I’mwritingtoinviteyoutogiveusalecturefrom3：00pmto5：00pmnextWednesday.Part2核心句型ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖。The“natural”greenhouseeffectreferstothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。【句式分析】同位语从句：大多由从属连词_____引导,常常跟在order,report,wish,decision,suggestion,belief,doubt,fact,hope,message,news等抽象名词的____，一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容。【学以致用】Theyexpressedthehope_______theywouldcomeovertoChinasoon.Wordhascome_______someAmericanguestswillcometoourcollegeforavisitnextweek.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_______hegotthemoneyfromhishomeyesterday.Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?Theproblem________weshouldhavethemeetinginthehallnowmustbedecidedatonce.that,后面that.that,how,what,whetherAwarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。【句式分析】alongwith连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词应和________那个主语保持一致，即“就远原则”。【学以致用】Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_________(offer)tothenationasagift.Allbutone_____(be)herejustnow.WeChat,aswellasDingTalk,__________(play)animportantpartindailycommunicationnowadays.前面的isoffered,were,playingAnexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只像是饿死的。【句式分析】Iamreallysorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Hewasbelievedtohavebeenareporter.Iexpecttohavereadthebookbytheweekend.Imeanttohavecalledyoulastnight.动词不定式完成时Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore,soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。【句式分析】causedbyclimatechange在句中作____________。【学以致用】Pricesofdailygoods__________(buy)throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanall-expense-______(pay)vacationtoChina.Thedisco,digitallyrecordedinthestudio,________(sound)fantasticatthepartynow.后置定语bought,paid,soundsGreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,keepingEarth’sclimatewarmandhabitable.大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体吸收了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。【句式分析】v-ing短语在句子中作__________。【学以致用】___________(consider)thereasonsmentionedabove,weshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectourenvironment.Theleaderstayedupallnight,_________(think)ofwhattodothenextday.____________________(notreceive)herreply,hedecidedtosendanothere-mailtoher.结果状语Considering,thinking,NothavingreceivedThereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide,notonlycausingseriousdamage,butalsocostinghumanlives.确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且使人丧命。【句式分析】[构词法]“-wide”表示“……范围内的（地）”statewide_________________countrywide_______________industrywide_______________全州范围内的（地），全国性的，全行业的004随堂小练Part1动词的形式变化和词形转换1.Onlywhenwepracticespeaking，reading，andwritingEnglish_________(frequent)canitbeupgradedtoahigherlevel.2.Withthemoderatemeasures，wewouldbuilda_________(harmony)societyinthefuture.3.Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”by_________(restrict)theamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.4.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceourcountry_________(reform)in1978.5.Itwasbuilt_________(origin)toprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.(2021·全国甲卷)6.Itwaswrittenin1946，sincewhentheeducationsystem_________(undergo)greatchanges.7.Toourshock，manychildreninunderdevelopedregionsdieof_________(starve).8.Haveyousubmittedyourproposals？Dokeepinmindthatthefinaldateforthe_________(submit)isMay15.【答案】1.frequently2.harmonious3.restricting4.reformed5.originally6.hasundergone7.starvation8.submissionPart2课文语法填空CLIMATECHANGEREQUIRESTHEWORLD’SATTENTIONWehaveknownaboutclimatechange__________decades.Thereislittledoubt__________Earthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph).Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceand__________(rise)sealevelsprovideevidenceofa__________(drama)changeintheglobalclimate.In2013,alotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthat__________(find)onNorway’sArcticislandofSvalbard.Accordingtothescientistswhofounditsdeadbody,all__________remainedofthepolarbearwas“skinandbones”.Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaid__________fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappeared__________(starve)anddied.Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevels__________(cause)byclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore,soithadtotravel__________(great)distancesinordertofindfood.This__________(alarm)caseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehadanimpactonEarth’secology.Thenwhatiscausingtheincreaseintheglobalaveragesurfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”__________hastwocommonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.The“natural”greenhouseeffectrefers__________thefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.Theheat__________(release)backintospaceatlongerwavelengths.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,keepingEarth’sclimatewarmand__________(habit).__________thisprocess,Earthcouldnotsustainlife.However,the“man-made”greenhouseeffecthasnowbecomeabigproblem.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels,moreheatenergy__________(trap)intheatmosphereandcausesEarth’ssurfacetemperature__________(rise)quickly.Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidence__________theriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide,notonlycausingseriousdamage,butalso__________(cost)humanlives.Climatescientistshavewarnedthat__________wedonottakeappropriateactions,thiswarmingtrendwillprobablycontinueandtherewillbeahigherprice__________(pay).Infact,newsreportsarefrequentlybroadcastaboutextremerainstormsandheatwavescausingdeathsand__________(economy)losses.Continuedgreenhousegasemissionswillresultin__________(far)warmingandlong-lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.Thisrequirestheattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Governmentsneedtoconsider__________(make)policiesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.We__________individualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Itisour__________(responsible)toseizeeveryopportunity__________(educate)everyoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becausethisisthemostseriousissue__________(affect)allofusonthisplanet.Sowhatwillyoudotohelp?【答案】for,that,rising,dramatic,wasfound,that,that,tohavestarved,caused,greater,alarming,that/which,to,isreleased,habitable,Without,istrapped,torise,that,costing,if,topay,economic,further,making,as,responsibility,toeducate,affecting005培优提升一、完形填空Globalsurfacetemperatureslastmonthwere2.25degreeswarmerthanthe20thcenturyaverageof60.1degrees,breakingpreviousrecords,fromAugust2016,bymorethanhalfadegree,accordingtoNOAAresearchers.“Thattomeisareallyhuge1fromonerecordtothenext,”saidEllenBartow,aphysicalscientistwithNOAA’sNationalCentersforEnvironmentalInformation.Thereport2whatmillionsofpeoplehaveexperiencedinrecentmonths,includingrecord-breakingheatwavesthathavetouchedalmosteverycorneroftheglobe.Asia,Africa,NorthAmericaandSouthAmericahadtheirwarmestAugustonrecord,asdidtheArctic,EuropeandOceania—aregionthat3Australia—hadtheirsecond-warmestAugustonrecord,thereportsaid.Itwasn’tjustthelandthat4:Augustsetarecordforthehighestmonthlyseasurfacetemperatureabnormally—1.85degreesaboveaverage.Thewarmingoceans5shrinkingseaice,withAntarcticaexperiencingitsfourthcontinuousmonthwiththe6seaiceextentonrecord.Globally,seaiceextentinAugustwasabout550,000squaremileslessthanthepreviousrecordlow,setinAugust2019.“We’veseenunheard-ofwarmthintheglobalocean,andthat’sdefinitelyalarmingbecauseitseffects7beyondjustthescopeoftheocean,”Bartow-Gilliessaid.“Notonlyareyou8marinehabitats,butyouareaffectingstormcreation,you’recreatingmoreinstabilityinsomeareas,andyou’recreatingfloodingeventsinotherareas.There’sawholehostof9thatcomealongwiththesewarmeroceansurfacetemperaturesthatwe’reseeing.”Infact,thereportcomesafteraseriesofseverenatural10thatspantheglobe.Thisweek,aMediterraneanstormcausedseriousfloodinginLibya,killingmorethan11,000people.InCanada,wildfiresburnedthroughmorethan42millionacresofforeststhissummer,andseveralarestillburning.11globalwarmingwasnotthesingularcauseofanyofthesedisasters,heatingoftheEarthcontinuesto12thelikelihoodofextremeweathereventsandwildfireworldwide.“Thescientificevidenceis13—wewillcontinuetoseemoreclimaterecordsandmoreintenseandfrequentextremeweathereventsimpactingsocietyandecosystems,untilwestop14greenhousegases,”readastatementfromSamanthaBurgess,deputydirectoroftheEuropeanUnion’sCopernicusClimateChangeService,whichalso15thatthissummerwasthehottestonrecord.1．A．distance B．jump C．travel D．flight2．A．confirms B．emerges C．quotes D．argues3．A．holds B．touches C．surrounds D．includes4．A．boiled B．cooled C．stricken D．disappeared5．A．contributedto B．sufferedfrom C．resultedfrom D．devotedto6．A．slowest B．lowest C．highest D．fastest7．A．enlarge B．discharge C．extend D．undertake8．A．creating B．saving C．remaining D．disturbing9．A．issues B．debates C．events D．proposals10．A．floods B．disasters C．storms D．earthquakes11．A．Though B．Because C．Unless D．When12．A．damage B．destroy C．decrease D．increase13．A．irresistible B．unchangeable C．inaccessible D．unbearable14．A．conveying B．releasing C．relieving D．dismissing15．A．predicted B．expected C．doubted D．determined答案1．B2．A3．D4．A5．A6．B7．C8．D9．A10．B11．A12．D13．A14．B15．D【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了美国国家海洋和大气管理局的研究人员表示，上个月全球表面温度比20世纪的平均温度60.1度高出2.25度，打破了自2016年8月以来的记录，高出了半度以上。同时，文章也讲述了全球气温升高带来的一系列问题。1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“对我来说，这是从一个记录到下一个记录的巨大飞跃，”NOAA国家环境信息中心的物理科学家埃伦·巴托(EllenBartow)说。A.distance距离；B.jump飞跃；C.travel旅游；D.flight飞行。根据上文“breakingpreviousrecords,fromAugust2016.bymorethanhalfadegree,accordingtoNOAAresearchers.”可知此处指的是从一个记录到下一个记录的巨大飞跃。故选B项。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该报告证实了近几个月来数百万人所经历的事情，包括几乎触及全球每个角落的创纪录的热浪。A.confirms证实；B.emerges出现；C.quotes引用；D.argues争论。根据下文“whatmillionsofpeoplehaveexperiencedinrecentmonths,includingrecord-breakingheatwavesthathavetouchedalmosteverycorneroftheglobe.”可知，该报告证实了这些情况。故选A项。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：报告称，亚洲、非洲、北美和南美经历了有记录以来最热的8月，北极、欧洲和大洋洲(包括澳大利亚在内的地区)也经历了有记录以来第二热的8月。A.holds握着；举起；B.touches触摸；C.surrounds围绕；D.includes包括。根据上文“aregion”以及下文“Australia-hadtheirsecond-warmestAugustonrecord”可知，此处应表示包括澳大利亚在内的地区也经历了有记录以来第二热的8月。故选D项。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：高温炙烤的不仅仅是陆地：8月份创下了月度海洋表面温度异常最高的记录——比平均温度高1.85度。A.boiled沸腾、高温炙烤；B.cooled冷却；C.stricken打击；D.disappeared消失。根据上文“Asia,Africa,NorthAmericaandSouthAmericahadtheirwarmestAugustonrecord,asdidtheArctic,EuropeandOceania—aregionthat____3____Australia—hadtheirsecond-warmestAugustonrecord,thereportsaid.”以及下文“Augustsetarecordforthehighestmonthlyseasurfacetemperatureabnormally”可知，高温炙烤的不仅仅是陆地，海洋温度也异常的高。故选A项。5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：海洋变暖导致海冰萎缩，南极洲海冰面积连续第四个月处于有记录以来的最低水平。Acontributedto导致；B.sufferedfrom遭受；C.resultedfrom由……引起；D.devotedto致力于。根据上文“Thewarmingoceans”以及下文“shrinkingseaice”可知此处指的是海洋变暖导致海冰面积连续第四个月萎缩。故选A项。6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海洋变暖导致海冰萎缩，南极洲海冰面积连续第四个月处于有记录以来的最低水平。A.slowest最慢的；B.lowest最低的；C.highest最高的；D.fastest最快的。根据上文“withAntarcticaexperiencingitsfourthcontinuousmonth”以及下文的“seaiceextentonrecord.”可知此处指的是南极海冰面积达到了历史最低水平。故选B项。7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bartow-Gillies说：“我们在全球海洋中看到了前所未有的温暖，这绝对是令人担忧的，因为它的影响超出了海洋的范围。”A.enlarge扩大；B.discharge释放；解雇；C.extend扩展；延伸；D.undertake承担。根据下文“beyondjustthescopeoftheocean”可知，前所未有的温暖的影响超出了海洋的范围。extendbeyond“超出，超越”。故选C项。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不仅扰乱了海洋栖息地，还影响了风暴的产生，在一些地区造成了更多的不稳定，在其他地区造成了洪水事件。Acreating创造；B.saving节省；C.remaining仍旧；D.disturbing干扰。根据下文“marinehabitats,you’recreatingmoreinstabilityinsomeareas,andyou’recreatingfloodingeventsinotherareas.”可知此处指的是前所未有的温暖，不仅扰乱了海洋栖息地，还影响了风暴的产生。故选D项。9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们所看到的海洋表面温度升高带来了一系列问题。A.issues问题；B.debates争论；C.events事件；D.proposals建议。根据上文“Notonlyareyou____8____marinehabitats,butyou’reaffectingstormcreation,you’recreatingmoreinstabilityinsomeareas,andyou’recreatingfloodingeventsinotherareas.”以及下文“thesewarmeroceansurfacetemperaturesthatwe’reseeing”可知，我们所看到的海洋表面温度升高带来了一系列问题。故选A项。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，该报告是在全球范围内一系列严重的自然灾害之后发布的。A.floods洪水；B.disasters灾难；C.storms暴风；D.earthquakes地震。根据下文“Thisweek,aMediterraneanstormcausedseriousfloodinginLibya,killingmorethan11,000people.InCanada,wildfiresburnedthroughmorethan42millionacresofforeststhissummer,andseveralarestillburning.”以及“globalwarmingwasnotthesingularcauseofanyofthesedisasters,”可知，此处指的是全球范围内一系列严重的自然灾害。故选B项。11．考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然全球变暖不是造成这些灾害的唯一原因，但地球变暖继续增加世界范围内极端天气事件和野火发生的可能性。A.Though虽然；B.Because因为；C.Unless除非；D.When当……时候。根据下文“globalwarmingwasnotthesingularcauseofanyofthesedisasters”以及“thelikelihoodofextremeweathereventsandwildfireworldwide.”可知此处上下文的语意为让步转折关系，应用表示让步转折的连词though。故选A项。12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然全球变暖不是造成这些灾害的唯一原因，但地球变暖继续增加世界范围内极端天气事件和野火发生的可能性。A.damage伤害；B.destroy破坏；C.decrease减少；D.increase增加。根据下文“thelikelihoodofextremeweathereventsandwildfireworldwide.”可知全球变暖会继续增加世界范围内极端天气事件和野火发生的可能性。故选D项。13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学证据是不可抗拒的。A.irresistible不可抗拒的；B.unchangeable无法改变的；C.inaccessible难到达的；D.unbearable无法忍受的。根据下文“wewillcontinuetoseemoreclimaterecordsandmoreintenseandfrequentextremeweatherevents”可知，此处指的是我们将继续看到更多的气候记录和更强烈、更频繁的极端天气事件，因此科学证据是不可抗拒的。故选A项。14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们将继续看到更多的气候记录和更强烈、更频繁的极端天气事件影响社会和生态系统，直到我们停止释放温室气体。A.conveying传达；B.releasing释放；C.relieving减轻；D.dismissing解雇。根据上文“wewillcontinuetoseemoreclimaterecordsandmoreintenseandfrequentextremeweathereventsimpactingsocietyandecosystems,untilwestop”以及下文“greenhousegases”可知此处指的是直到我们停止释放温室气体，这些情况才有可能有所改观。故选B项。15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该中心也确定今年夏天是有记录以来最热的。Apredicted预计；B.expected期待；C.doubted怀疑；D.determined确定。根据下文“thissummerwasthehottestonrecord”以及空前的“also”可知，该中心也确定今年夏天是有记录以来最热的。故选D项。一、语法填空1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nature’sLungsWeknowthattreesarenature’spurifier(净化器):Theyabsorbcarbonemissions(碳排放)andreleaseoxygen.Buttheir16

(able)todothatchangesastheyage.AccordingtoNewsweek,trees17

areatleast20yearsoldcanabsorbcarbonbetterthanyoungeronesandolderones.AndarecentstudybyresearchersfromSouthKorea’sForestResearchInstitute18

(find)exactlyhowmuchcarbonthateach25-year-oldcherrytreecanabsorb:20pounds(9.1kilograms)eachyear.Accordingtothestudy,thereare19

(current)about1.5millioncherrytreesinSouthKorea,whichmeanstheycantakeinasmuchas13,650tonsofcarboneachyear.Thismaysoundlikealot,20

it’sonlytheannualemissionsof6,000cars.Andit’spretty21

(shock)ifyouthinkaboutit:Theannualemissionsofasingle-carrequires250maturecherrytreestoabsorb22

carbon.Yet,plantingtreesisstillconsideredthemosteffectiveway23

(reduce)globalwarming,accordingto