山东省临沂市2024届高三下学期二模试题 英语 含答案

2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（模拟）英语2024.5本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分120分。考试用时100分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。APetHotelsWheretoBoardYourPetDuringtheHoliday?Hereareafewcomfortablepethotelsforyou.SearchforPetHotelsinourapptofindtheselistingsonamapthathavespacesavailablefortheupcomingholidays.Remembertoshowyourvaccinationrecordsincasepetsarerejected.B&MpetHotelPriceperday:Acat,15dollars.Dogboardingrooms,from28to68dollars.Booking:ContactGoldenChenviacallorWeChat(GoldenChen68)Animalsallowed:Alsowelcomesrabbits,turtles,guineapigsandmore.Services:Dogtraining,andfourdailywalksfordogs.Someone’sPetPriceperday:Adog,from23to60dollarsaccordingtosize.Itis18dollarspercat,withanadditionalchargeof10dollarsforeachadditionalcat.Booking:Cal18917471594.Animalsallowed:Bothcatsanddogsarewelcome.Services:washing,groomingandpetbeauty.PetBambooMansionPriceperday:Acat,20dollars.Fordogs,56dollars.Booking:CalrcontactBuddyDogviaWeChat.Animals-allowed:Accommodatebothcatsanddogs.Services:Fordogs,therearethreewalksperday,andswimmingfacilities.Offera20-40%discountforreservingthem,inadvance.CozypetTownPriceperday:Acat,14dollars.Adog,rangingfrom20to34dollarsdependingonsize.Booking:AddtheowneronWeChat(CozyPetTown)Animalsallowed:OnlycatsanddogsServices:Swimming,training,grooming.1.Whichhoteloffersthelowestpriceforthreecatsperday?A.B&MPetHotel. B.Someone’sPet.C.PetBambooMansion. D.CozyPetTown.2.WhatisspecialaboutPetBambooMansion?A.ItrequirescontactviacallandWeChat.B.Ithasvariousroomsfordogsbasedonsize.C.Itoffersdogwalkingandswimmingfacilities.D.Itprovidesapreferentialpriceforearlybooking.3.WhatdopetownersdotobookaroomatCozyPetTown?A.Calltheownerdirectly. B.Visitthehotelinperson.C.ContacttheownerviaWeChat. D.BookthroughthePetHotelsapp.BBillBryson’sphenomenallypopularbooksareagreatsuccessofamateurenthusiasmoverscholarlyexpertise.InthehighlyreviewedShakespeare(2007),heracedusthroughtheplaywright’slifeandworksin222pages;AShortHistoryofNearlyEverything(2003)washis624analysisof“everythingthathashappenedfromtheBigBangtotheriseofcivilisation”—anditremainsthebest-sellingsciencebookofthe21stcenturysofar.CanhemakeitagainwithAReallyShortJourneyThroughtheBody,whichpromisesusa“headtotoe”tourin138pages?Inhisbooksforadultreaders,Bryson’ssuccesshaslaininanabilitytoturnvast,complexsubjectsintoaneasyandpleasantnarrative,filledwithtinyfactsandoddstories.Hislatestbook,whichfollowshisadulttitleTheBody(2020),isaimedatchildrenasyoungaseight,forwhomthisprovenwritingstyleworkswell.“Nodoubtaboutit,thehumanbodyisatrulyremarkablething,”Brysonwrites,andit’stheremarkablefactsthatinteresthimthemost.Didyouknowthatyoublink14,000timesaday?Orthatittakessevenbillionbillionbillionatomstomakeyou?AndthatifyouformedallyourDNAintoasingleline,itwouldreach10billionmilesacrossthesolarsystem?Freshdoctorsmightfindsomeoftheentriesfrustratinglybrief.Thetongue,forexample,receivesonlyaparagraph,while,achapter,entitled‘PooandFarts’,isrelativelydetailed:“Inyourlife,you’llprobablypootheweightof5carsbutyou’llhaveeatentheweightof60.Sothat’snotaterribleresult.”Biologybookscanbeheavyweather;butBryson’sskill,asever,istoturnthestoryofthehumanbodyintoathoroughlydigestibleread.4.WhatdoBryson’slatestbookandTheBody(2020)haveincommon?A.Theyareeasytoread. B.Theyarebothaboutphysics.C.Theyareintendedforadults. D.Theyarebothbest-sellingbooks.5.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph3?A.Toanalyzethestructureofthebook.B.Toillustratetheattractionofthebook.C.Toshowthescientificvalueofthebook.D.Todisplaythemaincontentsofthebook.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“heavyweather”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Packedwithfacts. B.Weather-related.C.Hardtounderstand. D.Popularandreadable.7.Whatisthetext?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayonbiology.C.Anewsreportonscience. D.Abiographyofawriter.CStrategicallyaddingweakpointsalongmicroscopicchainscalledpolymers(高分子聚合物)actuallymakesthemhardertotear,researchersreportintheJune23Science.Polymersareusedincartires,andthereforethefindingscouldhelpreduceplasticpollutionastiresweardownovertime.Whentiresrubagainsttheroad,theydropmicroplasticsofrubberandplasticpolymers,whichpollutewaterwaysandair.Everyyear,tiresreleaseanestimated6millionmetrictonsofthesemicroplasticsintoenvironment.Strongerpolymersthatbreakapartlesseasilycouldlimittheamountofparticlesshedannually.Tomakesuchtoughmaterials,StephenCraig,achemistatDukeUniversity,andcolleaguesaddedmoleculescalledcross-linkerstothepolymers.Thesecross-linkersconnectedthesepolymerchainstotheirmanyneighbors,andtheywerespecificallydesignedtobreakaparteasily.Atthemicroscopicscale,thepolymersactlikeatangle(乱团)ofspaghettiwiththecross-linkersholdingthemalltogetherandhelpingthemkeeptheirshape,saysCraig’scollaboratorShuWang,achemistatMIT.Whentheteamstretchedthepolymerspaghetti,theindividualcross-linkersbrokeeasily,asexpected.Butthelargertanglematerialrequiredmoreforcetobreakthantheyexpected.Thesecrettotheincreasedtoughnessliesinthepaththetearhastotake,Craigsays.Theteargoesthroughtheeasy-to-breakcross-linkersratherthanthroughthetougherpolymerchains.Eachbrokenconnectionfollowsthepathofleastresistancebutavoidingthelongpolymerchainsmeansbreakingmanycross-linkers,whichrequiresmorestretchingforceoverall.Thisisn’tthefirsttimeresearchershaveusedweakconnectorstomakepolymersstronger.Butunlikeinsimilarmaterials,theincreasedtoughnessdoesn’tcomeattheexpenseofotherbeneficialpropertieslikestiffness(风度).Craigsayshehopesthefindingswillhelpextendthelifetimesofcartiresandplastics,potentiallylimitingannualmicroplasticpollution.8.Whatbenefitdoesthenewmaterialbring?A.Itmeetstheroadstandard. B.Itweakensplasticpolymers.C.Itreleaseslessmicroplastics. D.Itreducesthecostofcartires.9.Whatcanweknowaboutthetanglematerial?A.Itfollowsthepatternofspaghetti. B.Itisdesignedtofallaparteasily.C.Thepolymershelpkeepitsshape. D.Thelargertangleishardertobreak.10.Whatistheprimaryfactorthatcontributestotheincreasedtoughness?A.Theweaknessofthecross-linker.B.Thestrengthofthepolymerchains.C.Thenumberofthecross-linkersused.D.Thepaththeteartakesthroughthematerial.11.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefinding?A.Itinitiallyusesweakconnectors. B.Itsacrificesstiffnessfortoughness.C.Itlengthensthelifespanofcartires. D.Itremovesannualmicroplasticpollution.DEverfeeldisconnectedduringastressfulevent?Thatcouldbeyourbrainprotectingyou.Duringtraumatic(痛苦的)situations,peoplemightexperienceanunexpectedwaveofemotionalindifferenceorfeellikethey’veseparatedfromrealityandarehavinganout-of-bodyexperience.Thesesymptomsofdisconnectdescribedissociation,adefensemechanismthatseparatesthreateningfeelingsandideasfromtherestofsomeone’smind.Butwhydoourmindssometimesdissociatewhenwe’reexperiencingstressfulevents?Typically,thesympatheticnervoussystem,whichisresponsibleforour“fightorflight”response,activateswhenapersonisinupcomingphysicaldanger.Mammals,includinghumans,evolvedtohavethisresponse,asitpushesthemtosurvivebyfightingorescapingfromdanger.Dissociationisanotherwaythenervoussystemisreadytorespondtotraumawhenfightorflightappearstobetoodangerousorimpossible.Dissociationcanprotectsomeoneinthemomentsothattheyarementallyseparatedfromasituationcausingphysicalpain,emotionalpainorboth.Oftentimes,victimsofabusereportdissociationduringtheeventorhavingfoggymemoriesofaneventafterthefactduetodissociation.Nevertheless,problemscanariseifpeoplecontinuetodissociateevenoncethey’reseparatedfromtheintensetrauma,asopposedtorelyingonothercopingmechanisms,forexample,helpfromaprofessional.Manypeoplewhocontinuetodissociateoftenstrugglewithdailystress,likemeetingworkdeadlinesorspeakingwithpeers.Manyfeeldisconnectedintheirrelationshipsandmayfindthemselvesunconcentratedduringwhatusedtobeusualinteractionsortasks.Butthegoalofaddressinglong-termdissociationisn’ttodoawaywithit.Afterall,itcanbeausefulstrategytohelpsurviveadangeroussituation.Butmemoriesofthetraumaticeventareoftendisruptiveandpainful,sohavingsomedistancefromthatcouldmeanabetterqualityoflifeafterthetrauma.12.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A.Itdefineswhatdissociationis.B.Itemphasizesthevalueofdissociation.C.Itlistsdifferentsymptomsofdisconnect.D.Itexplainswhyweexperiencestressfulevents.13.Howdoesdissociationworkonvictimsofabuse?A.Byerasingtheirmemories.B.Bygettingridoftheiremotionalpain.C.Byprotectingvictimsfromphysicalpain.D.Bydistancingthevictimsmentallyfromthereality.14.Whatmighthappenifpeoplecontinuetodissociate?A.Failingtofocusontasks. B.Meetingworkdeadlines.C.Havingabetterqualityoflife. D.Relyingonothercopingmechanisms.15.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Traumaticeventsareavoidable.B.Dissociationneedstobehandledproperly.C.People’swell-beingisbasedonthedistance.D.There’reenoughcopingstrategiesfortraumas.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wakingupatthecrackofdawnandgoingforarunmightfeelawfulwhenyoustarttryingtomakeitahabit.Weavingasignificantnewactivitysuchasthisintoyourregularroutineobviouslytakesdeterminationandtime.16Onepopularideasuggeststhatittakes21daystosolidifyahabit.Peopletendtofeelextramotivatedtostartanewhabitorkickanoldone.17YeteveryJanuary21veryfewpeoplecanboastthattheyhavekepttheirresolutions.Everyonehasauniquehabit-buildingtimeline.18Expertssuggestvariousindividualizedwaystopracticefrequently,whicheventuallyturnataskintoanunconscioushabit.19Teachingyourselfacompletelynewskillorprocessobviouslytakeslongerthanrememberingtodrinkmorewaterinthemorning.A2015studyfoundthatnewgym-goershadtoexerciseatleastfourtimesaweekforsixweeksinordertodevelopanexercisehabit.Theresultsshowedthatcreatingahandwashinghabittookafewweeks.20Anyway,handwashingislesscomplexandoffersmoreopportunitiestopractice.Theresearchersalsosuggestedthathabitformationdependsontheeffortthatapersonputsintopracticinganactivityandonthepresenceofenvironmentalcuesthatwouldremindthemtocarryoutthebehavior.A.Thetypeofactivityisalsoafactor.B.Thestrategiesofactivityimpacttheway.C.Peoplewanttoformahabitofexercisingregularly.D.Buthowmuchtimeisreallyneededtomakethathabitstick?E.ItmightsoundeasilyreachabletomakearesolutiononNewYear’sDay.F.Bycomparison,ittookhalfayearforpeopletodevelopanexercisehabit.G.Howeverlongitisforanyindividual,repetitionisthekeytomakingitwork.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Imaginesuddenlywakingupatmidnight,21forair,heartpounding,feelingtenseandexperiencingthisnightafternight.The22ofthelackofsleepwasthe23needtoliedownandfallasleepfor2-3hours.Thiswasmyexperiencethroughoutthesummerof2021.Iguessitmayhavebeeninpartthe24thepandemichadonmymentalhealthaswellasotherworries.Duringthedaylighthours,I25myselfinvariouswaysbutatnightduringsleepmyfearand26wouldcometothesurface.I27Ineededtofindwaystodealwithmyworries.Aftermuch28,Ibegantoseektheassistanceofmedicine,whichwasatoughdecisiontomake.Butit29well.Imadesuretowalkinnatureasmuchaspossibleandcontinuedmyyogapractice.Slowly,Ifoundmywaybacktomyself.However,life30anothercurveballintomylife.InDecember2023,thosenighttimefeelingsthat31meflowedintomydaysagain.Iturnedtofriendsandfamily,whoencouragedmetoseekprofessionalhelp.I32toatherapistspecializedinthisfield,andtogether,weanalyzedtheproblemsandappliedtherelated33tocopingwiththem.Whiletheprocessdidn’tgo34,mysymptomsgraduallydisappearedwithmyeffortsatlast.Inconclusion,thisiswhatIwouldliketosay—whenintrouble,reachoutforhelp,talktofamilyandfriends,yourdoctororacounsellor.Taketimetotakecareofyourself,youareworththe35.21.A.struggling B.searching C.begging D.waiting22.A.cause B.result C.price D.condition23.A.anxious B.practical C.temporary D.urgent24.A.pressure B.emphasis C.effect D.limit25.A.found B.displayed C.occupied D.enjoyed26.A.concern B.surprise C.puzzle D.guilt27.A.suggested B.recognized C.claimed D.guaranteed28.A.complaint B.debate C.preparation D.resistance29.A.went B.worked C.behaved D.reacted30.A.slid B.threw C.rolled D.sank31.A.ignored B.ensured C.robbed D.disturbed32.A.leftout B.pointedout C.reachedout D.passedout33.A.approaches B.disciplines C.assumptions D.patterns34.A.permanently B.potentially C.smoothly D.thoroughly35.A.passion B.freedom C.strength D.effort第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TherearemanyfolkstoriesinChina.Amoregenerally36(accept)legendgoesthathumanswerecreatedbyagoddessnamedNüwa,37hadahumanheadbutthebodyofasnake.Asshetraveled38earth,Nüwabegantofeellonely.Soshetooksomeyellowearth,39(mix)itwithwaterandformedahuman.Thisnewpersonimmediatelybegandancingaboutandshoutingin40(happy).Nüwawaspleasedsoshecontinuedtoformotherpeople41theworldwasfullofhumans.Later,GongGong,thegodofwater,andZhuRong,thegodoffire,hadagreatfight,42(create)amessintheheavensandontheearth.Intheend,GongGonglost.Hewassoangrythathehithishead43BuzhouMountain,whichwasholdingupthesky,andthemountainfell.Astheskybegantofall,alltheplanetsandthestarsstartedtomovetothenorthwest,leavingaholeinthesky.Worriedthatherhumanswouldbekilled,Nuwatookstonesoffivedifferentcolors,meltedthemandthenusedthemtocoveruptheholeinthesky.44(keep)theskyfromfalling,sheputaturtle’slegateachcornertoholditup.Inthisway,humans45(save).第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假如你是李华，请你写一篇短文向校英文报LaborandHealth栏目投稿，内容包括：1.一次难忘的家务劳动经历；2.你的收获和感受。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。AMemorableHouseworkExperience___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Insecondgrade,whileotherkidsplayedoutside,Istayedbehindatmydeskandcreatedbooksfromconstructionpaper.Usingthelimitedvocabularyofaneight-year-old,Iwrotestoriesanddreamedofonedaybecominganauthor.Mysecond-gradeteacherurgedmyparentstonurture(培养)thisdesire,buttheydidn’ttakemydreamseriously.Throughadulthood,thedesiretowriteremained.Thedreamneverdiedbutthereweremorecertainwaystogenerateincome,soIwascontroledindifferentdirections.NoneofthejobsIheldaffordedmetheopportunitytowrite,andraisingtwodaughtersgavemelittlefreetimetopursuebecominganauthor.However,Iheldontothedreamthathadflickered(闪烁)inmeasachild.Attheageoffifty-eight,Icontinuedtomanagetheofficeofmyhusband’sconstructioncompany,butIwaslookingforsomethingthatwouldfillthevoid(空虚感)ofournowemptynest.Writingstoriesandsharingthemonsocialmediafilledsomeofthatvoid,andthestoriesgotquiteafewlikes,butitnevercrossedmymindasIapproachedmysenioryearsthatwritingcouldbeacareerforme.Oneday,Imetafriendfromhighschoolwhowasalsomyfriendonsocialmedia.Wehadn’tseeneachotherinseveralyears,soIwalkedovertogreether.Anticipatingthatherfirstwordswouldconsistofhowlongithadbeensincewe’dseeneachother,Iwasshockedatwhatshespokeout.“Youwanttowrite.Youneedtowrite.”ShehadbeenreadingthestoriesIsharedonsocialmediaandhadalwayscommentedwithencouragingwords.Butnoonehadeverspokenthesewordstome.Ihadneverevenspokenthesewordsoutloudtomyself.Thosesimplewordssheutteredlitaflamethathadonlybeenaflickerforalongtime.Deepinside,IknewIstillwantedtobeanauthor.Iwantedtofollowmyfriend’sadvice.Iwantedtowrite.Ineededtowrite.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Iwenthomethatdayandsetouttowriteastory.Onedayafterayear,Ireceivedane-mailfromthemagazine.2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（模拟）英语试题参考答案及评分标准2024.05第一部分阅读(每小题2.5分；满分50分)1~3B/CDC4~7ABCA8~11CDDC12~15ADAB16~20DEGAF第二部分语言运用(满分30分)第一节完形填空(每小题1分；满分15分)21~25ABDCC26~30ABDBB31~35DCACD第二节语篇填空(每小题1.5分；满分15分)36.accepted 37.who