金融英语中级法律3

金融英语中级法律-3

（总分:156.00,做题时间：90分钟）

一、{{BISECTIONONE{{/B}}（总题数：8,分数：16.00）

1.Brieflyexplainvoid,voidableandunenforceablecontract.

（分数：2.00）

填空项1：（正确答案：Avoidcontractisonewhichdoesnotexistand

whichhasneverexisted.Acontractisvoidwhenitisdestituteofalllegaleffect.A

contractisvoidablewhenthelawallowsoneofthecontractingpartiestowithdrawfromthe

contractifhesowishes.Acontractisunenforceablewhen,althoughitisvalidifthe

partiesperformit,itcannotbeenforcedinthecourtsoflawifeitherpartyfailstodo

so.）

解析：

2.Whatmusttheplaintiffproveinordertosucceedinanactionofnegligence.

（分数：2.00）

填空项1:（正确答案：Thedefendantowedtheplaintiffalegaldutyof

care.）

解析：Thedefendantwasinabreachofthatduty.Theplaintiffsuffereddamageasaresult

ofthrubreach.

3.Whatisacheque?

（分数：2.00）

填空项1:（正确答案：Achequeisabillofexchangedrawnonabanker

payableondemand.）

解析：

4.Whoaretheholdersofbillsofexchange,listtwoofthem.

（分数：2.00）

填空项1:（正确答案：Payee）

角军析：IndorseeBearer

5.Thebillmustbeinwriting.Doesthismeantherulesgoverningwrittencontractapply?

（分数：2.00）

填空项1：（正确答案：Yes.）

解析：

6.List2factorsthataffectthevalidityofanotherwiseeffectivecontract.

（分数：2.00）

填空项1:（正确答案：Misrepresentation）

角军析：DuressUndueinfluenceIllegality

7.Write2waysthatterminateanoffer.

（分数：2.00）

填空项1：（正确答案：Revocation）

角军析：RejectionLapseoftimeDeathofeitherpartyFailureofaconditionsubjecttowhich

theofferwasmade.

8.Abillismadepayableto〃'"order”,whatkindofbillofexchangeisit?

（分数：2.00）

填空项1:（正确答案：Orderbill）

解析：

二、{{BISECTIONTWO{{/B}}（总题数:16,分数：140.00）

9.Arightinpersonamisarightagainstaparticularpersononly.

（分数：2.00）

A.正确V

B.错误

解析：

10.Easementisarighttousetheadjacentlandthatbelongstoanother.

（分数：2.00）

A.正确V

B.错误

解析：

11.Billsofladingarenegotiable.

（分数：2.00）

A.正确

B.错误V

解析：Billsofladingarenotnegotiable.

12.Ausancebillisabillpayableimmediately.

（分数：2.00）

A.正确

B.错误V

解析：Ausancebillisabillpayableatafuturetime.

13.Apromissorynoteisanorder,whereasabillofexchangeisapromise.

（分数：2.00）

A.正确

B.错误V

角军析：Apromissorynoteisapromise,whereasabillofexchangeisanorder.

14.Theputtingupofgoodsforsalebyauctionisanoffer.

（分数：2.00）

A.正确

B.错误J

解析：Theputtingupofgoodsforsalebyauctionisnotanoffer.

15.Anoffercannotbemadetotheworldatlarge.

（分数：2.00）

A.正确

B.错误V

角毕析：Anoffercanbemadetotheworldatlarge.

16.Slanderisakindofdefamationinwrittenform.

（分数：2.00）

A.正确

B.错误V

角星析：Slanderisakindofdefamationintransientform.

17.Offersandrevocationsareeffectiveuponposting,butacceptancesareeffectiveupon

receipt.

（分数：2.00）

A.正确

B.错误V

解析：Offersandrevocationsareeffectiveuponreceipt,butacceptancesareeffectiveupon

posting.

18.Pastconsiderationisnotagoodconsiderationfornegotiableinstruments.

（分数：2.00）

A.正确

B.错误V

解析：Pastconsiderationisagoodconsiderationfornegotiableinstruments.

19.JohnwrotetoMaryasking〃Willyousellyoursecond-handcar?Pleasetellmeyourlowest

price."Maryrepliedinaletter:〃Thelowestpriceformyusedcaris$2,000.〃Johnthen

sentthesecondlettertoMarysayingthatheagreedtobuytheusedcarfor$2,000.But

beforeMaryreceivedtheletterfromJohn,MarysoldherusedcartoDavid.CanJohnsue

Marytoenforcethecontract?

（分数：20.00）

正确答案：（）

角军析：Anofferisaproposalmadebytheofferortotheoffereewiththeintentionthatit

shallbecomebindingassoonasitisaccepted.Anoffermustcarrythedefiniteintention

tobeboundwhichisdifferentfromsupplyofinformation.InHarveyv.Facey,1893,wherea

telegraphcommunicationwasexchangedbetweentheparties.Harvey:"WillyousellusBumper

HallPen?Telegraphlowestprice."Facey:"LowestpriceforBumperHallPenis$900.〃

Harvey:〃WeagreetobuyBumperHallPenfor$900askedbyyou."Tothislasttelegram

Faceymadenoreply.Itwasheldthattherewasnocontractbetweenthepartiesasthe

defendantwasonlyansweringaquestionconcerningtheprice.JohnaskedMaryaboutthe

lowestpriceofMary'susedcar,andJohngotresponsefromMary.Mary'sresponseconcerning

theprice,followingthelegalprinciplesofabove-mentionedcase,doesnotcarrythe

definiteintentiontobeboundandMarywasonlyansweringaquestionconcerningtheprice.

Anofferisdifferentfromsupplyofinformation.Itissupplyofinformationtostatethe

priceatwhichsomethingmightbesoldinrespondtoarequestforinformation.SoMary's

replyisnotanoffer,andthereisnocontractexistedbetweenJohnandMary.Johncannot

sueMarytoenforcethecontract.

20.ChanwantedtosellhisbusinessinwhichLeewasinterested.Duringthecourseof

negotiationsinJanuary,Chancorrectlyrepresentedthetakingstobeabout$40,000a

month.ThecontractwasnotsigneduntilJunewhentakingshadfallento$1,000amonth

owingtoChan'sillness.Chandidnotmentionthedropwhenthecontractwasenteredintoin

June.CanLeerescindthecontract?

（分数：20.00）

正确答案：（）

角毕析：Amisrepresentationisanuntruestatementoffactmadebyonecontractingpartyto

theothertoinducetheotherpartytoenterintocontract.Ingeneral,arepresentationis

astatementofsomeexistingfactsorpastevents.Silencedoesnotnormallyamountto

representation.Butwhereastatementistruewhenitismade,andsubsequentlybecomes

falsebeforetheconclusionofthecontract,thestatementisrepresentation.Inwithv.

09Flanagan,1936,wherethedefendantwasamedicalpractitionerwhowishedtosellhis

practice.InJanuary,1934,thedefendantinformedtheplaintiffthattheincomefromthe

practicewas$2,000.Fivemonthslaterwhenthecontractwassignedtheincomehadfallen

considerablyduetothedefendant*sillnessandnomentionofthisfactwasmadetothe

plaintiff.Theplaintiffclaimedrescissionofthecontract.Itwasheldthattheplaintiff

couldrescindthecontractastherewasmisrepresentation.Chan'sstatementconcerning

takingstobe$4,000amonthduringthenegotiationistrue.Butfivemonthslater,the

takingshadfallento$1,000.Chan，srepresentation,followingthelegalprincipleof

above-mentionedcase,turnstobefalsebeforetheconclusionofthecontract.Chanshould

correcthisstatementconcerningthetakingsafterthechange,buthekeptsilent.His

silenceamountstomisrepresentationwhichaffectsthegenuinenessofassentoftheother

party—Lee.Leecanrescindthecontract.

21.Writeshortnoteson:(a)Whatmusttheplaintiffproveinordertosucceedinmiaction

ofnegligence?(b)Explainthedefencesavailabletothedefendantinanactionbasedon

tort,(c)ExplaintheruleestablishedinHedleyByrne&Co.Ltd.v.Heller&PartnersLtd.

(1964)

(分数：20.00)

正确答案:0

解析：(a)Asanindependentandspecifictort,negligencemeasuresbehaviouragainstan

objectivestandard.Theplaintiffmustprovethat:thedefendantowedhimalegaldutyof

care;thedefendantwasinabreachofthatduty;andhehasasuffereddamageasaresult

ofthatbreach,(b)Defendant，sdefencesEveniftheplaintiffcanproveallthreeelements

ofnegligence,thedefendantcanestablishdefencestotheplaintiff，sclaimcontributory

negligencevoluntaryassumptionofriskonthepartoftheplaintiffthedamagesufferedby

theplaintiffistooremote,(c)HedleyByrne&Ltd.v.Heller&PartnersLtd.,1964Itwas

heldinthecasethatliabilitywouldattachfornegligentstatements,resultingin

financiallosstotheplaintiff,solongascertainconditionsaresatisfied.These

conditionsare:theplaintiffmustrelyontheadvicesoughtbyhim,andgivenbydefendant;

thedefendantisawareoftheplaintiff*srelianceonhisadvice;thecircumstancesmustbe

suchthatplaintiff'srelianceisreasonable.Theadviceisgivenbyprofessionaladvisers

suchasaccountants,bankers,investmentadvisers,etc.Itisimportanttonotethatmere

knowledgethattheplaintiffwillrelyonthedefendantJsadviceorinformationisnot

sufficient;whatmattersiswhetherthedefendantknowsthattheplaintiffwillrelyonthe

defendantJsadviceorinformationforuseintheplaintiff*stransactionincontemplation.

22.(a)Definecheque,(b)Explainanyfivepointsofthedifferencesbetweenchequesand

billsofexchange.

(分数：20.00)

正确答案：()

角军析：(a)Section73(1)andsection3(1)ofBillsofExchangeOrdinancedefinethecheque

asanunconditionalorderinwriting,addressedbyapersontoabank,signedbytheperson

makingit,requiringthebanktopayondemandastuncertaininmoneyto,ortotheorder

of,aspecifiedpersonortobearer,(b)Differencesbetweenchequesandbillsofexchange:

Thedraweeofachequeisabanker.Thedraweeofachequeisnotliabletotheholderfor

refusingpayment,sincethebankerneveracceptsthecheque.Therolesonacceptancedonot

applytocheques.Becausemostchequesareusuallynotnegotiated,therulesonnegotiation

havelittlesignificance.Delayinpresentingachequeforpaymentdoesnotdischargethe

drawer,unlesshesuffersactuallossthroughthedelay.Therulesconcerningcrossingsare

confinedtochequesandcertainotherinstrumentsandnottootherbills.Paymentofan

orderchequewithaforgedorunauthorizedindorsementdischargesthepayingbankerif

certainstatutoryexemptionsapply,butinthesamesituation,theacceptorofabillwould

notbedischarged.Basedonthecontractualrelationshipbetweenabankerandacustomer,a

numberofimpliedobligationsareimposedonthemtowardstheotherbylaw.

23.Writeshortnoteson:(a)Realproperty,(b)Personalproperty.

(分数：20.00)

正确答案：（）

角军析：(a)Realpropertyisimmovablepropertywhichissubjecttoactionsinrem.Real

propertyconsistsofthefollowing:land:Section2ofConveyancingandPropertyOrdinance

statesthatlandincludes:(i)landcoveredbywater;(ii)anyestate,fight,interestor

easement;(iii)thewholeorpartofanundividedshareinlandandanyestate,right,

interestoreasementinoroverthewholeorpartofanundividedshareinland,building

andfixtures:Section2statesthatlandincludesthingsattachedtolandorpermanently

fastenedtolandandanythingattachedtoland.(b)Personalpropertyismovableproperty

andintangiblepropertywhichissubjecttoactionsinpersonam.Personalpropertyincludes:

-chattelsreal,i.e.personalpropertyrecoverableand/orenforceablebytakinganaction

inrem