2022届普通高等学校招生全国统一模拟考试新高考I卷英语试卷解析版

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一模拟考试（新高考Ⅰ卷）英语试卷本试卷由听力、阅读、语言运用和作文组成，共67小题，考试时间120分钟，满分150分。注意事项：1.答题前，考生将自己的姓名、考点名称、考场号、座位号、考试号填涂在答题卡相应的位置上；2.答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡指定的位置上，不在答题区域内的答案一律无效；如需作图，先用2B铅笔画出图形，再用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔涂黑，不得用其他笔答题；3.考生答题答在答题卡上，保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破，答在试卷和草稿纸上一律无效.第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。下面是一道示例问题。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredidtheconversationhappened?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inashoppingcentre.C.Inacinema.2.Doesthemanhavetimetopickthewomanupintheairport?A.Yes.B.No.C.Notmentioned.3.Whydidn’tthewomanenjoyherfreetime?A.BecausethepressurefromcompetitionB.Becausethepressureoflife.C.Becauseherpoorgradeofhersubjects.4.HowmanydayswillthemanprobablystayinSeoul?A.3B.5C.15.Howfaristhepublicbikestationfromtheman’slocation?A.4minutesride.B.Itisalongway.C.400metres第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中的A、B、C选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前后，你将有时间阅读或回答每个小题，时间均为5秒钟。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，完成6、7小题。6.Whythemanisbreathingheavily?A.Becauseheranarace.B.Becausehedidatiringjobinthetest.C.Becauseheexperiencedatoughandtiredtest.7.What’sthedesiredgoaltotheman?A.Run1000min3minutes.B.Todevelopthebodystrength.C.Towinarace.听第7段材料，完成8~10小题。8.Whatisthedisqualifiedobject?A.AairbagB.Awarmbag.C.Aicebag.9.Whatwillthemandotoverifythedisqualificationoftheproduct?A.Checktheproductitself.B.Toinvestigatethemanufacturer’squalificationofproducing.C.Testtheproductaccordingtothestandardandinvestigatetheassemblyline’soperation.10.Howmuchwillthemanufacturerprobablycompensateforthewoman?A.600yuanB.1600yuanC.450yuan听第8段材料，完成11~13小题。11.Whendidthestrangethinghappen?A.WhenthewomanandherfamilywerewatchingTV.B.Whenthewomanandherfamilywerehavingsupper.C.Whenthewomanandherfamilyweresleeping.12.WhathappenedtotheTV?A.TheTVdidn’twork.B.TheTVbegantochangechannelsrapidly.C.TheTVbrokedown.13.Whatwastheweatherlikethatnight?A.RainyB.SunnyC.Cloudy听第9段材料，完成14~17小题。14.Whycan’tElaineStronganswerthephone?A.She’sattendingameeting.B.She’soutoftheoffice.C.She’stalkingwithanothercustomer.15.Whatdoesthemanwantthewomantofax?A.Informationaboutafter-salesservice.B.Apictureofthenewestcomputers.C.Materialsofsoftwareproducts.16.WhenwillthemanprobablytalkwithElaineStrongonthephone?A.About5:00.B.About3:30.C.About4:30.听第10段材料，完成18~20小题。17.Whatisthespeaker?A.Ateacher.B.Astudent.C.Aworker.18.Howoldisthespeaker?A.44B.22C.Wedon’tknow.19.WhatcanweknowaboutMrWhite?A.HecomesfromEngland.B.Heisunwillingtoworkhere.C.Hewillstayhereforatleasttwoyears.20.WhichothergoalsdoestheschoolhavebesidesteachingEnglish?A.Toteachstudentshowtogetalongwellwithforeigners.B.Topromoteunderstandingandcooperationbetweentheyoungpeopleofthetwocountries.C.ToteachstudentsAmericanhistoryandculture.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从文后A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。ANotsolongago,mostpeopledidn’tknowwhoShellyAnnFrancisPrycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherAmericanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However,onepersonwantstochangethis.StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShellyAnnasatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningoftruegreatness.Hertimewerenotexactlyimpressive,butevenso,heseemedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout,somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking.HedecidedtoofferShellyAnnaplaceinhisverystricttrainingseasons.Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults,andafewyearslateratJamaica’sOlympicgamesinearly2008,ShellyAnn,whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld,beatJamaica’sunchallengedqueenofthesprint.“Wheredidshecomefrom?”askedanastonishedsprintingworld,beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.ButShellyAnnwastoprovethatshewasanythingbutaone-hitwonder.AttheBeijingOlympicshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybecomingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metersOlympicgold.ShediditagainoneyearonattheWorldChampionshipinBriton,becomingworldchampionwithatimeof10.73—thefourthrecordever.Shelly-Annisalittlewomanwithabigsmile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.Herjourneytobecomingthefastestwomanonearthhasbeenanythingbutsmoothandeffortless.ShegrewupinoneofJamaica’stoughestinner-citycommunitiesknownasWaterhouse,whereshelivedinaone-roomapartment,sleepingfourinabedwithhermotherandtwobrothers.Waterhouse,oneofthepoorestcommunitiesinJamaica,isareallyviolentandoverpopulatedplace.SeveralofShelly-Ann’sfriendsandfamilywerecaughtupinthekillings;oneofhercousinswasshotdeadonlyafewstreetsawayfromwhereshelived.Sometimesherfamilydidn’thaveenoughtoeat.Sheranattheschoolchampionshipsbarefootedbecauseshecouldn’taffordshoes.HermotherMaxime,oneofafamilyoffourteen,hadbeenanathleteherselfasayounggirlbut,likesomanyothergirlsinWaterhouse,hadtostopaftershehadherfirstbaby.Maxime’searlyentryintotheadultworldwithitsresponsibilitiesgaveherthedeterminationtoensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse'sroundaboutofpoverty.OneofthefirstthingsMaximeusedtodowithShelly-Annwastakinghertothetrack,andshewasreadytosacrificeeverything.Itdidn’ttakelongforShelly-AnntorealizethatsportscouldbeherwayoutofWaterhouse.OnasummereveninginBeijingin2008,allthoselong,hardhoursofworkandcommitmentfinallyborefruit.Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty,surroundedbycriminalsandviolence,hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports.ButShelly-Ann’svictorywasfargreaterthanthat.ThenightshewonOlympicgoldinBeijing,theroutinemurdersinWaterhouseandthedrugwarsintheneighboringstreetsstopped.Thedarkcloudaboveoneoftheworld’stoughestcriminalneighborhoodssimplydisappearedforafewdays.“Ihavesomuchfireburningformycountry,”Shellysaid.SheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicanstolaydowntheirweapons.Sheintendstofighttomakeitawoman’saswellasaman’sworld.AsMuhammadAliputsit,“Championsaren’tmadeingyms.Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem.Adesire,adream,avision.”OneofthethingsShelly-Anncanbeproudofisherunderstandingofthistruth.1.WhydidStephenFrancisdecidetocoachShelly-Ann?A.Hehadastrongdesiretofreeherfamilyfromtrouble.B.Hesensedagreatpotentialinherdespiteherweaknesses.C.Shehadbigproblemsmaintainingherperformance.D.Shesufferedalotofdefeatsattheprevioustrackmeets.2.WhatmadeMaximedecidetotrainherdaughteronthetrack?A.Hersuccessandlessonsinhercareer. B.HerinterestinShelly-Ann’squickprofit.C.HerwishtogetShelly-Annoutofpoverty. D.Herearlyentranceintothesprintingworld.3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMakingofaGreatAthlete B.TheDreamforChampionshipC.TheKeytoHighPerformance D.ThePowerofFullResponsibility【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名女飞人Shelly-Ann从不被人看好到成为奥运冠军，再到最后成为世界上跑的最快的女性。激励我们要想成功，内心必须要有愿望、梦想、愿景，并且为此付出努力。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShellyAnnasatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningoftruegreatness.”（StephenFrancis把当时18岁的ShellyAnn看作是一场田径比赛，他确信自己看到了真正伟大的开始。）可知，StephenFrancis决定训练Shelly-Ann是因为他感觉到了Shelly-Ann有着巨大的潜力，因此“Hesensedagreatpotentialinherdespiteherweaknesses.”（他感觉到她有很大的潜力，尽管她有弱点。）符合题意。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Maxime’searlyentryintotheadultworldwithitsresponsibilitiesgaveherthedeterminationtoensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse'sroundaboutofpoverty.”（Maxime很早就带着责任进入了成人世界，这让她下定决心，确保自己的孩子不会沦落到Waterhouse那样的贫困境地。）可知，Shelly-Ann的妈妈Maxime不想孩子再过她这样的贫困生活，所以决定训练孩子跑步。所以“HerwishtogetShelly-Annoutofpoverty.”（她想让Shelly-Ann摆脱贫困。）符合题意。故选C项。【3题详解】主旨大意题。本文介绍了著名女飞人Shelly-Ann从不被人看好到成为奥运冠军，再到最后成为世界上跑的最快的女性。所以“TheMakingofaGreatAthlete”（伟大运动员的诞生）符合题意。故选A项。BTikTokisanappformakingandsharingshortvideos.Thevideosaretall,notsquare,likeonSnapchatorInstagram’sstories,butyounavigatethrough（浏览)videosbyscrollingupanddown,likeafeed,notbytappingorswipingsidetoside.Videocreatorshaveallsortsoftoolsattheirdisposal:filtersasonSnapchat(andlater,everyoneelse);theabilitytosearchforsoundstoscoreyourvideo.Usersarealsostronglyencouragedtoengagewithotherusers,through“response”videosorbymeansof“duets”—userscanduplicatevideosandaddthemselvesalongside.HashtagsplayasurprisinglylargeroleonTikTok.Inmoreinnocenttimes,Twitterhopeditsusersmightcongregatearoundhashtagsinanever-endingseriesofproductivepop-upmini-discourses.OnTikTok,hashtags(话题标签)actuallyexistasareal,functionalorganizingprinciple:notfornews,orevenreallyanythingtrendinganywhereelsethanTikTok,butforvarious“challenges,”orjokes,orrepeatingformats,orotherdiscernibleblobsofactivity.TikTokishowever,afree-for-all.It’seasytomakeavideoonTikTok,notjustbecauseofthetoolsitgivesusers,butbecauseofextensivereasonsandpromptsitprovidesforyou.Youcanselectfromanenormousrangeofsounds,frompopularsongclipstoshortmomentsfromTVshows,YouTubevideosorotherTikToks.Youcanjoinadare-likechallenge,orparticipateinadancememe,ormakeajoke.Oryoucanmakefunofallofthesethings.TikTokassertivelyanswersanyone’swhatshouldIwatchwithaflood.Inthesameway,theappprovidesplentyofanswersfortheparalyzingwhatshouldIpost?Theresultisanendlessunspoolingofmaterialthatpeople,manyveryyoung,mightbetooself-conscioustopostonInstagram,orthattheyneverwouldhavecomeupwithinthefirstplacewithoutanudge.Itcanbehardtowatch.Itcanbecharming.Itcanbevery,veryfunny.Itisfrequently,inthelanguagewidelyappliedoutsidetheplatform,frompeopleonotherplatforms,extremely“cringe”.4.Whatdoestheword“cringe”inthelastparagraphmeans?A.beafraidofsomething B.besatisfiedwithcompletelynewthingsC.interesting D.boring5.WhatactivitiescanyouparticipateinonTikTok?Ⅰ.imitateinterestingdanceactionsⅡ.editingyourfavouriteTVprogrammeperiodⅢ.creatingyourownchallengesⅣ.makingajokeA.Ⅰ,ⅢandⅣ B.Ⅰ,ⅡandⅢ C.Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣ D.Ⅰ,ⅡandⅣ6.Howdothewriterstartthearticle?A.Byaskingcontinuousquestions. B.ByintroducingwhatisTikTok.C.ByintroducingTikTokvideos. D.BygivingexamplesofusageofTikTokinlife.7.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsTiktok?A.Positive. B.Worried.C.Noattitudesinceitisanargumentation. D.Boring.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了TikTok是一款制作和分享短视频的应用程序，受到了人们的喜爱，因为它是一款免费的平台而且在TikTok上制作视频很容易。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段第三句话“Theresultisanendlessunspoolingofmaterialthatpeople,manyveryyoung,mightbetooself-conscioustopostonInstagram,orthattheyneverwouldhavecomeupwithinthefirstplacewithoutanudge.”（其结果是无休止地对素材进行解构，许多非常年轻的人可能过于自觉而无法在Instagram上发布这些素材，或者如果没有推动，他们根本不会想到这些素材）以及后面的内容“Itcanbehardtowatch.Itcanbecharming.Itcanbevery,veryfunny.”（这可能很难观看。它可以是迷人的。也可能非常非常有趣）可知，在其它平台上，人们无法发布在TikTok上发布的视频素材，因为他们觉得有些素材可能有趣，或者迷人，也可能他们觉得令人害怕。所以“cringe”的意思为“畏惧的”。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二、三句话“Youcanselectfromanenormousrangeofsounds,frompopularsongclipstoshortmomentsfromTVshows,YouTubevideosorotherTikToks.Youcanjoinadare-likechallenge,orparticipateinadancememe,ormakeajoke.”（你可以从各种各样的声音中进行选择，从流行歌曲片段到电视节目、YouTube视频或其他技巧的简短瞬间。你可以参加一个大胆的挑战，或者参加一个舞蹈模仿秀，或者开个玩笑）可知，在TikTok上，人们可以编辑喜欢的电视节目的视频，模仿舞蹈和开个玩笑。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一、二句话“TikTokisanappformakingandsharingshortvideos.Thevideosaretall,notsquare,likeonSnapchatorInstagram’sstories,butyounavigatethroughvideosbyscrollingupanddown,likeafeed,notbytappingorswipingsidetoside.”（TikTok是一款制作和分享短视频的应用程序。这些视频很高，不像Snapchat或Instagram上的故事那样是方形的，但你可以上下滚动来浏览视频，而不是点击或左右滑动）可知，文章是通过介绍TikTok中的视频开始展开的。故选C。【7题详解】观点态度题。根据第三段第一、二句话“TikTokis,however,afree-for-all.It’seasytomakeavideoonTikTok,notjustbecauseofthetoolsitgivesusers,butbecauseofextensivereasonsandpromptsitprovidesforyou.”（然而，TikTok是一个免费的平台。在TikTok上制作视频很容易，不仅因为它为用户提供了工具，还因为它为您提供了广泛的理由和提示）可知，作者在这提到了TikTok的优势，说明他很认可TikTok，对它的态度时积极的。故选A。CTimetounfriendFacebook?Forthepast18months,communicatingthefindingsofsciencetotheworldhashitwhatsometimesseemslikeanall-timelow.Nevermindtheyearsoffailureinconvincingmuchofthepublicaboutclimatechange;thepandemichasrevealedshockingineptness(拙劣)bythescientificestablishmentatconveyingmessagesaboutmasks,vaccination,orthedangersofconsuminghorsedrugsandaquariumcleaners—eveninthefaceofarisingdeathtollfromCOVID-19.Onepuzzlingelementofthiscrisisishowsocialmediahasbeenskillfullyexploitedbyantiscienceforces.Givenallofthis,whatistherightmoveforsciencecommunicationasitrelatestosocialmedia?UnfriendFacebookorbeatitatitsowngame?Afewmonthsago,NewYorkTimesreportersCeciliaKangandSheeraFrenkelpublishedAnUglyTruth:InsideFacebook’sBattleforDomination,inwhichtheyexploredhowtheworld’slargestsocialnetwork,Facebook,fillsitscoffersbyexploitingtheviralspreadofmisinformationwhiletryingtoconvinceeveryoneofitsnoblemissiontoconnecttheworld.KangtoldmethatshebelievesthealgorithmsandbusinesspracticesofFacebookandothersocialmediacompaniesthatencouragemisinformationerecthugebarriers,keepingpeoplefrompayingattentiontoauthoritativescientificinformation.Herideasforcombatingthisbeginwithunderstandingtwokindsofmisinformationthatpropagatethroughthesepowerfulsocialnetworks.Oneisthenewsthatisblatantlywrong.ThesepostsaresometimestakendownbutmostlyflaggedbyFacebook’salgorithmswithadisclaimer,whichmostpeopleignore.Thishasonlyaminoreffectonstoppingtheirspread.Kangseesanevenbiggerproblem:themisinformationthatarisesfromconversationalpostsamongindividuals.Thiskindofinformalmisinformationisfrustratingbecauseit’snoteasytopolicethepeopleyouknowfromsayingcrazythingsonFacebook.TheresultisthatbothkindsofmisinformationtendtorisetothetopofFacebook’snewsfeedsbecausetheygetmoreengagementthanpostsaboutrecentresearchfindingsreportedinscholarlyscientificarticlesoreveninthemainstreampress.Communicatingaboutresearchinrealtimeishardbecausescienceisalwaysaworkinprogress,withcaveatsandanswersthatarenotalwaysdefinitive.Thatdoesn’ttranslatewelltosocialmediaorFacebook’salgorithmsthatdeterminewhichpoststopromote.“Oftentimesthatkindofcontentjustdoesnotworkwellintermsofengagement,”Kangsaid,“becauseit’snotthekindofstuffthatpeoplewillimmediatelytrytoshare.”Theantiscienceoppositiondoesn’tcareaboutthecaveats.Kangpointedoutthat“superfigures”onsocialmedia,suchasBenShapiroandDanBongino,havebuiltupaloyalfollowingofpeoplewhowillbelievethemnomatterwhat.AstemptingasitmaybeforfrustratedscientiststosimplydeletetheirFacebookaccountsandavoidthisdreck,Kangbelievesthatabetterapproachforthemistoengagemoreaggressivelybybeing“outthere,”competingforpeople’sattentionbythesamerules.Refusingtoplayhardballonthesocialmediafieldisnotservingscienceorsocietywell.ThepandemichasseentheriseofnumerousscientistsonTwitterwhohaveamassedrelativelylargefollowings,buttheirpresenceonFacebookismuchsmaller.AlthoughTwitterisapowerfulplatformforpoliticalmessagesthatgetlikedandretweeted,peopletendtotrustindividualstheyknowonFacebook,makingitpowerfulforchangingheartsandminds.Todobattleinthisarena,sciencewillneedtofinditsownsuperfigureswhocancompetedirectlywiththeShapirosandBonginosoftheantiscienceworld.Someofthesenewfiguresmightbepracticingscientists,andsomemightbesciencecommunicators.Whatiscrucialisaknackforcuttingthroughthecaveatsandconditionsandforcefullyconveyingthebottomline.Liketheiropponents,theyneedtobeadeptatstrategicallyexploitingthealgorithmsthatcanpushaposttotheforefrontorburyitinthenever-endingracket.SincetheendofWorldWarII,scientistshavesticktotheideathatiftheystayobjectiveandstatethescience,thentherestoftheworldwillfollow.Asthepandemiccycleson,it’stimetofacethefactthatthisoldnotionisnaive.8.Correctscienceinformationcan’tconveytothepublicbecause.A.Thescientistsareincapable.B.Thegovernmentdoesn’twanttoalarmthepublic.C.Theorganizationwhichagainstscienceistoostrong.D.Thepublicarenotwillingtoreceivetheinformation.9.What’stherealmeaningofthetitle“TimetounfriendFacebook”accordingtothepassage?A.Weshouldn’tuseFacebook.B.MostinformationreleasedonFacebookisunreal.C.ScientistsonFacebookarefrequentlybannedtoposttheirthoughts.D.Facebookisbecomingatoolofscientists.10.HowdoFacebookblocksomanyauthorityscienceinformation?A.Byusingmisleadingalgorithms.B.Bydeletingthepostsofsomescientists’.C.Bystoppingtheirservices.D.Bysettingobstaclescausedbyinformationasymmetry(信息不对称).11Whatdoesthewriterwanttoexpresstothegovernmentorthesociety?A.Thegovernmentshouldnotintervenetheactivitiesofnetizens.B.Facebookshouldrelaxtheircontroltowardstheinformationaboutthepandemic.C.Itisridiculousforthesocietytobantheusefulandtrustworthymessages.D.Thegovernmentshouldpublishthingsaboutpandemictocomfortthepublic.【答案】8.C9.C10.A11.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍Facebook通过使用误导性的算法屏蔽了太多权威科学信息，政府应该出版关于大流行的东西来安抚公众。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Onepuzzlingelementofthiscrisisishowsocialmediahasbeenskillfullyexploitedbyantiscienceforces.”（这场危机的一个令人困惑的因素是，反科学力量是如何巧妙地利用社交媒体的）以及第二段“InsideFacebook’sBattleforDomination,inwhichtheyexploredhowtheworld’slargestsocialnetwork,Facebook,fillsitscoffersbyexploitingtheviralspreadofmisinformationwhiletryingtoconvinceeveryoneofitsnoblemissiontoconnecttheworld.”（在其中他们探索了世界上最大的社交网络，Facebook，如何利用病毒式传播错误信息填补其金库，同时试图使每个人相信它连接世界的崇高使命）可知，正确的科学信息不能传达给公众是因为这个反对科学的组织太强大了。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“KangtoldmethatshebelievesthealgorithmsandbusinesspracticesofFacebookandothersocialmediacompaniesthatencouragemisinformationerecthugebarriers,keepingpeoplefrompayingattentiontoauthoritativescientificinformation.”（康告诉我，她认为Facebook和其他社交媒体公司鼓励虚假信息的算法和商业行为竖起了巨大的障碍，阻止人们关注权威的科学信息）以及第三段“Communicatingaboutresearchinrealtimeishardbecausescienceisalwaysaworkinprogress,withcaveatsandanswersthatarenotalwaysdefinitive.Thatdoesn’ttranslatewelltosocialmediaorFacebook’salgorithmsthatdeterminewhichpoststopromote.”（实时交流研究是很困难的，因为科学总是在进步，警告和答案并不总是确定的。这并不能很好地转化为社交媒体或Facebook的算法来决定哪些帖子应该推广）可知，TimetounfriendFacebook的真正含义是科学家们经常被禁止在Facebook上发表他们的想法。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Communicatingaboutresearchinrealtimeishardbecausescienceisalwaysaworkinprogress,withcaveatsandanswersthatarenotalwaysdefinitive.Thatdoesn’ttranslatewelltosocialmediaorFacebook’salgorithmsthatdeterminewhichpoststopromote.”（实时交流研究是很困难的，因为科学总是在进步，警告和答案并不总是确定的。这并不能很好地转化为社交媒体或Facebook的算法来决定哪些帖子应该推广）可知，Facebook通过使用误导性的算法屏蔽了太多权威科学信息。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根文章最后一段“scientistshavesticktotheideathatiftheystayobjectiveandstatethescience,thentherestoftheworldwillfollow.Asthepandemiccycleson,itstimetofacethefactthatthisoldnotionisnaive.”（科学家们一直坚持这样一种观点:如果他们保持客观，陈述科学，那么世界上其他国家就会效仿。随着大流行的循环，是时候面对这一旧观念是幼稚的事实了）可知作者希望政府应该出版关于大流行的东西来安抚公众。故选D。DRevealingthesourceofJupiter’sx-rayauroralflaresAbstractJupiter’srapidlyrotating,strongmagneticfieldprovidesanaturallaboratorythatiskeytounderstandingthedynamics(动力学)ofhigh-energyplasmas(等离子体).Spectacularauroral(极光的)X-rayflares(耀斑)arediagnosticofthemostenergeticprocessesgoverningmagnetospheresbutseeminglyuniquetoJupiter.Sincetheirdiscovery40yearsago,theprocessesthatproduceJupiter’sX-rayflareshaveremainedunknown.Here,wereportsimultaneous(同时的)insitusatelliteandspace-basedtelescopeobservationsthatrevealtheprocessesthatproduceJupiter’sX-rayflares,showingsurprisingsimilaritiestoterrestrialionaurora.Planetary-scaleelectromagneticwavesareobservedtomodulate(调节)electromagneticioncyclotronwaves,periodicallycausingheavyionstoprecipitateandproduceJupiter’sX-raypulses.Ourfindingsshowthationauroraesharecommonmechanismsacrossplanetarysystems,despitetemporal,spatial,andenergeticscalesvaryingbyordersofmagnitude.INTRODUCTIONAurorae,observedfromplanetarypolarregionsacrossthesolarsystem,aredisplaysoflightthatareproducedwhenenergeticparticlesprecipitatealongmagneticfieldlinesandtransfertheirenergytotheatmosphere.Jupiter’ssoftx-rayauroraeareproducedbyenergetic[~(MeV)(电子伏)]heavyions(SandO),originallyfromthemoonIo’s(木卫一的)volcanicactivities.ThedynamicX-rayemissionsoftenpulsewitharegularbeatofafewtensofminutes.Thespectacularquasi-periodic(准周期性的)auroralpulsationsatJupiterhavealsobeenobservedinultraviolet(UV),infrared,andradioemissions.TheX-rayauroraearepredominatelyconfined(主要局限于)totheregionpolewardofJupiter’smainaurora,connectingtoJupiter’soutermagnetosphereviamagneticfieldlines.Themappingoftheemissionsleadstothesuggestionthattheparticleprecipitationsweredrivenbymagneticreconnection.However,observationsshowthatthex-raypulsationslastforseveralJupiterdaysorlonger,evidencingthatthedrivermaynotbeatransientprocesslikemagneticreconnection.Todate,40yearsaftertheirdiscovery,themechanismsthatcausetheseX-rayauroraeremainunknown.Simultaneousmeasurementsofthemagnetosphericenvironmentandtheauroralemissionsarecriticaltorevealingtheirdrivingmechanisms.Here,wepresentobservationsofJupiter’suniquex-rayauroraewithsimultaneousinsitumeasurementsfromthemagnetosphere.Inthisstudy,werevealthephysicaldriverforJupiter’spulsatingx-rayemissionsbyanalyzingsimultaneousinsitumeasurementsfromJunoandremotespectroscopicimagingbyXMM-Newtontelescope(XMM，牛顿卫星)during16and17July2017.XMM’sEuropeanPhotonImagingCamera(EPIC-pnandMOS)instrumentsprovidedspatial,spectral,andtimingdataofJupiterforacontinuous26-hour(~2.6Jupiterrotations)observationfrom18:26UTon16Julyto22:13UTon17July,whichwasshiftedtoaccountforthe~46-minlighttraveltimebetweenJupiterandEarth.ThisXMMobservationwasplannedtocoincidewiththetimewhenNASA’sJunospacecraftwasmovingfrom62to68RJ(1RJ=71492km)radiallyawayfromtheplanetintheSouthernHemisphereinthepredawnsectorbetween~0400and0430magnetosphericlocaltime(MLT).Ionosphere-magnetosphere(电离层)mappingfrompreviousobservationssuggestedthattheoriginsofJupiter’sX-rayauroralpulsationsoccurredatthesedistancesfromtheplanet.Junoprovidedcontemporaneous(同时发生的)insitumeasurementsfromtheplasmasheetonlywhenJupiter’snorthmagneticpoletiltedtoEarth.Therefore,wefocusonthenorthernaurora,forwhichJuno’sinsitumeasurementsdetailwhatwashappeningintheplasmasheetduringtheX-raypulses.AtJupiter,theanalysisofthesecomparisonsbetweeninsituandremotesensingobservationsismorecomplexthanatEarth.AtEarth,duringthetimescaleofanauroralevent,typicallytensofminutes,aspacecraftintheterrestrialmagnetosphereusuallytravelslittle(e.g.,hundredsofkilometers)incomparisontothespatialscaleofamagnetosphericevent(e.g.,severalEarthradii)thatwouldcausealargeauroralbrighteningsothatthisinsituspacecraftcouldbemagneticallyconnectedtotheauroraregionoverthefullaurorallifetime.ThisisnottrueforJupiter,becausethefootprintoftheaurora(whichisrotatingwithJupiter)withrespecttoJuno’slocationchangessubstantiallyduringanobservation.Therearealsosubstantialtraveltimes(afewtensofminutes)alongthemagneticfieldexpectedfromtheoutermagnetospheretotheJovianaurora.Therefore,thecorrelationbetweenasingleoutermagnetosphereeventinJupiter’sinsitumeasurementsandasingleauroralpulsecannotbeexpectedonaone-to-onelevelbasis.Instead,aseriesofsuccessiveeventsarerequiredtodrawreliablecarefulcorrelations,withtheregularperiodicityofthex-rayflares,providinganinvaluablediagnosticsignatureofthesourceprocess.(AdaptedfromanessayonScience.)12.Whatdoestheessayfocuson?A.TheX-raypulseshappeningonJupiter.B.TheformationoftheaurorainthepoleofJupiter.C.Thewaystoteachpeoplehowtoappreciateauroras.D.TheprocessofdetectingtheX-raypulsesonJupiter.13.Whatwilltheauthorpresentinthenextcontentoftheessay?A.Theirconclusions. B.Theirmeasuretodotheresearch.C.Discussionofsomeproblemsofpreciseness. D.Theiracknowledgements.14.Theword“infrared”isunderlinedandinItalics.Whatisthemeaningoftheword?A.辐射 B.红外线技术的 C.太阳风 D.红外线15.WhichofthefollowingsisNOTTRUEabouttheauroralflaresonJupiter?A.Thestrongmagneticisagoodbreakthroughpointtoresearchtheauroralflares.B.TheX-raypulseswilllastforsevera