备战2025年高考英语易错题（新高考专用）易错点16 阅读理解：词义猜测题（4大陷阱）-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题含答案

备战2025年高考英语易错题（新高考专用）易错点16阅读理解：词义猜测题（4大陷阱）-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题含答案易错点16阅读理解词义猜测题目录01易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02举一反三【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点03易错题通关易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。【分析】这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【例1】（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock”inparagraph5mean?A．Abasicpart. B．Adetailedmap.C．Abuildingmaterial. D．Amajorobstacle.【变式1】（吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Alistenerwhoseheadisinsome“sweetspot”hearshigh-qualitysound.Butasonegelsfartherfromthesweetspot,thesounddiminishes.That’sbecausesoundwavesfromdifferentloudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother’ssound.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishes”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Becomeslower. B．Travelsfaster.C．Getssweeter. D．Soundsnicer.【变式2】（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）Actually,untilherpregnancyQuarleshadbeenlivingatbreakneckspeed.Itwentsountillastyear.“Iwasexhausted,”shesays.“I’dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”......Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“breakneck”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Safeandslow. B．Fastanddangerous.C．Excitingandterrifying. D．Gentleandcomfortable.【变式3】（广东省揭阳市普宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Inearly2021,Ihitarutinmystudies.AsadoctoralcandidateattheUniversityofChicagoinIllinois,Iworkedtodesignsafer,moreeffectivematerialsforvaccinedelivery.AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.......Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“hitarut”inparagraph1mean?A．Stoppedprogressingsmoothly. B．Hadveryslowreactions.C．Acceptedhardwork’svalue. D．Overcameabigproblem.【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点【例2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）ThecreatorsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreatsfacingtheAfricancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellaspreventing250milliontonsofcarbon.TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.“TheGreatGreenWall…isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,”saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionCommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative.“Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisistheverythingofus!”Whatdoes“us”underlinedinParagraph3referto?AfricanUnions.B．Alladvocates. C．Landowners. D．AllAfricans.【变式2】（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）RegulatorylimitsforhowmuchPFASfoodpackagingshouldcontaincanvarygreatly.Forinstance,anewlawinCaliforniasetthelimitatlessthan100ppm.“ComparedtoAmerica,Denmarksetsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,”saidXeniaTrier,anexpertattheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency.“Itdoesworktosetlimitsandenforcethem.PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.Ingeneral,transmissionfrompackagingtofoodisincreasedasthetemperatureofthefoodrises.Itisthesamewiththetimespentinwrappingmaterials.”TriertoldNBS,oneofthemajorAmericanmass-mediacompanies.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?A．Considerablemigrationofgreaseandwater.B．PFAStransmissionfrompackagingtofood.C．Wrapperexposuretohighfoodtemperature.D．Regulatorylimitsconcerningfoodpackaging.【变式3】（2023年全国高三专项练习）Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemicalthatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssawpicturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.......Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inparagraph3referto?A．Amidbrainarea. B．Asocialactivity. C．Avolunteer. D．Ahamburger.【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点【例3】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹没)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.......Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimpliesthat______.A．howevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobesatisfiedB．howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoorC．thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimplelifeD．thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeacage【变式1】（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginnerseachweek,Aliciawasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountainmoretimesthaninthe15yearscombinedandI’vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.......Whatdoesthefatherimplybysaying“I’vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.”?A．Itisrewardingtolearnnewskills. B．Skiinghasbecomehislifelonghobby.C．Hewillexploremorewithhisdaughter. D．Hisdaughterwillaccompanyhimforever.【变式2】（2022年全国高三专练）Whenyouneedajobverymuch,youmayenduptakingOfcourse,youmayseektasksandresponsibilitiesthatforceyoutolearnsomethingnewortoworkharder.“Youmaybeoperatingonautopilot（习惯性地）rightnow,butchancesarethatpeopleaboveyouarestressed,”SarahHathornsays.“Takethingsoffyourboss’splateandlethimknowwhichprojectsortasksyouwanttolearnmoreabout.”......Theunderlinedwords“takethingsoffyourboss’splate”mean______.A．drawyourboss’sattention B．shareyourboss’sburdensC．giveyourbossusefuladvice D．askyourbossforabetterposition【变式3】（2022·湖北孝感高三模拟）AssoonasIstartedpedalingagain,mypantsgotcaughtinthechain,andIfellflatonmyfaceandhitmynose.Sincethathappenedtmygranddaddecidedtocallitadayandtryagainthenextmorning.ThenextmorningIwokeupbrightandearly,andwasveryeagertotrytoridemybike.Mynosefeltbetter,soIwasn’tthatafraidoffallinganymore.......Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthepassagemean?A．Rememberwhathappenedthisday.B．Maketheauthorfeelhappy.C．Stoppracticingbicycling.D．Goontorideabike.1.（2023年全国甲卷）TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY(do-it-yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.......Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?Anartist. B．Awinner. C．Aspecialist. D．Apioneer.2.（2023年全国乙卷）Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.3.（2022年新高考I卷）......WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate4.（湖北省部分学校2023-2024学年高三起点试题）Usingfirst-of-their-kindobservationsfromtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.aUniversityofMinnesotaTwinCities-ledteamlookedmorethan13billionyearsintothepasttodiscoveraunique,minusculegalaxycluster(星系团)thatgeneratednewstarsatanextremelyhighrateforitssize.Thegalaxyisoneofthesmallesteverdiscoveredatthisdistance—around500millionyearsaftertheBigBang—andcouldhelpastronomerslearnmoreaboutgalaxiesthatwerepresentshortlyaftertheuniversecameintoexistence.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“minuscule”inparagraphlmean?A．Extremelysmall. B．Remarkablydark.C．Especiallyremote. D．Quitecomplicated.5.（贵州省六盘水市2023-2024学年高三诊断性检测题）ButOreosdon’tattractyouwithtastealone;scentshaveahugeimpactontheeatingexperience.WhenyoubiteintoanOreo,chemicalsinthecookiereleaseodorantsintotheairinsideyourmouth.Thesescentsflowtoyournasalcavity(鼻腔),wheretheyinteractwithsmellreceptors(感受器)andenteryourbrain’sdecoding(解码)process.Yourbrainislikelytofindthosesmellsdelightful,saysCharlesSpence,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUK’sUniversityofOxford.Spencesayschocolateandvanillaaretwooftheworld’smostlikedsmells.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthefourthparagraphreferto?Chocolates. B．Chemicals. C．Cookies. D．Scents.（福建省厦门集美中学2023-2024学年高三10月试卷）“Let’stakeabreak,”partwaythroughthemeeting,mybossstood,saying.“Ineedmorecoffee.”Ipickedupmyemptycup.“Ido,too,”Isaid,andhandedittohimacrossthetable.“Thanks,”Iadded,lookingathimexpectantly.Thebosswasstaggeredforamoment,andthentookthecupfromme.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggered”meaninthesixthparagraph?A．Amused. B．Shocked.C．Depressed. D．Excited.7.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepareforitiswithabatteryofactivitiesthatmostcloselylooklikethetestitself.AndsoastheBigStandardizedTestshavespread,publishershavecrankedoutvarietiesofcoachingworkbooksthatareallcollectionsofshortexcerptsaccompaniedbyasetofmultiplechoicequestions.Insteadofteachingstudentshowtoreadawholebook,weteachthemhowtotakeastandardizedtest.......Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethephrase“crankedout”inparagraph4?charged B．canceled C．changed D．Produced8.(福建省政和县第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题)Bennett,57,heldonthrough60tomorrows,farlongerthananypreviouspatientwho’dreceivedaheartfromanotherspecies.Hisremarkablerunofferednewhopethatsuchprocedures,knownasxenotransplantation(异种移植),couldhelprelievetheshortageofreplacementorgans,savingthousandsofliveseachyear.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“run”inparagraph2referto?A．Donatinghishearttoapatient.B．Performingtheheartoperation.C．Livingfor60daysaftertheoperation.D．Receivinganewheartfromapig.（福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）Sincetherewasusuallynotenoughtimeforabystanderpigtobecomeinvolvedintheheatofaconflict,thoughthisdidoccur,DrNorscialookedatwhathappenedinthethreeminutesimmediatelyfollowingafight.Sometimes,hefound,thefightersreconciledwitheachotherontheirown.Themoredistantlyrelatedthefighterswere,themorefrequentlythishappened.DrNorsciaguessedthatrelationsbetweencloserelativesaremoresecuretostartwith,sorebuildingfriendlyrelationsrapidlyislessnecessaryforthem.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reconciled”probablymeaninparagraph4?Caughtup. B．Keptintouch. C．Madeup. D．Changedintune.10.（福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Afterrescuingthelonelyanimal,SamandVerafounditextremelyemotionaltohavetoreleaseherbackoutintothewildtofendforherself—eventhoughtheyknewitwastherightthingtodo.Butafterhavingsuchastrongbondwithananimal,itwasreallydifficulttoseehergo.Theyhadputsomuchtime,effortandenergyintoraisingherbuttoseeherwalkinginaherdofblesboksmadeitallworthwhile.......Whichwordcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“fend”inthelastparagraph?A．Look. B．Care.C．Search. D．Hunt.11.（河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三9月检测试题）Inthestudy,theresearcherssoughttounderstandhowthebrainusesthisfollowinginformationtoadjustourperceptionofwhatweinitiallyheard.Todothis,theyconductedaseriesofexperimentsinwhichthesubjectslistenedtoisolatedsyllablesandsimilarlysoundingwords.Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(听觉皮层)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess”ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.......Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesignal”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Thepreviousspeechsound. B．Thesimilarlysoundingword.C．Theunclearlysoundingword. D．Thefollowingspeechsound.12.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题）Ifyouareofthe“noregrets”schooloflife,youmaythinkthatallthisregretisarecipeforunhappiness.Butthatisn’tthecase.Lettingyourselfbeoverwhelmedbyregretisindeedbadforyou.Butgoingtotheotherextrememaybeevenworse.Toextinguishyourregretsdoesn’tfreeyoufromshameorsorrowbutcausesyoutomakethesamemistakesagainandagain.Totrulygetoverourguiltrequiresthatweputregretinitsproperplace.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extinguish”inparagraph2mean?Admit. B．Destroy. C．Treasure. D．Encounter.13.（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）NickVerel,a53-year-oldkidneytransplant(肾脏移植)recipientinOhio,shouldhavebeennearthetopofthelisttoreceiveaCOVID-19vaccine(疫苗).Yetlikemillionsofothers,hewasn’thavinganyluckschedulinganappointment.Nickwouldsitwithcomputersonhislaptryingforhourstobookanappointmentondifferentsites,whichendedupinvainnomatterhowconcentratedhewas.“Ifelthopeless,”Nicksays.ThenheheardaboutZwinggi,a40-year-oldmotherofthreewhowashelpingtosecureappointmentsforvulnerableindividualslikeNick.SohemessagedZwinggionFacebook:Canyouhelp?Thirty-fiveminuteslater,Zwinggireportedback—Nicksuccessfullyhadanappointmenttogetthevaccine.4．Theunderlinedwords“vulnerableindividuals”inparagraph2refertothose______.A．whoaretoooldtobookanappointment. B．whoneedvaccinebadlywithseriousdisease.C．whohavelittleexperiencewithcomputers. D．whohavelittlesparetimewithmanykids.C．AGreatWaytoGettheVaccine D．TheVaccineChaos14.（2023年高三全国专练）Toreducecoffeecupwaste,CupClubisalreadyreplacingmillionsoftakeawaycupsintheUK,whileRecupinGermany,hasperformedadepositsystemthatsimplyaddsasmallextrafeetoanycoffeecupwhichisreturnedtothebuyerafterthecupisdepositedinanyregisteredcollectionpoint.......Whatdoestheword“which”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Acollectionpoint. B．Adepositsystem.C．Asmallextrafee. D．Anycoffeecup.15.（2023年上海高三测试）Londonresolvedtoliveafull,excitinglife.Heoncesaid,“Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor(流星),everyatomofmeinmagnificentglow,thanasleepyandpermanentplanet.”Eachday,hepushedhimself.OnceLondondeterminedthathewasgoingtobeawriter,nothingcouldstophim.Hisgoalwastowriteatleastonethousandwordseveryday.Herefusedtostopevenwhenhewassick.Ineighteenyears，thewriterpublishedfifty﹣onebooksandhundredsofarticles.Hewasthebest-sellingandhighest-paidauthorofhisday.Manypeoplealsoconsideredhimtobethebestwriter.WhiteFangandTheCalloftheWildarehismostfamousstoriesandareaboutsurvivingintheAlaskanwilderness.ReaderscanenjoyJackLondon’senergyandhistalentfortellingwonderfulstorieseachtimetheyopenoneofhisnovels.......TheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphindicatesthatJackLondon________.A．isexpertatuniverse. B．aimshighandstrivetosucceed.C．isexcitedaboutlifeinthewildness. D．faceachoicebetweenlifeanddeath.

易错点16阅读理解词义猜测题目录01易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02举一反三【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点03易错题通关易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。【分析】这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【例1】（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock”inparagraph5mean?A．Abasicpart. B．Adetailedmap.C．Abuildingmaterial. D．Amajorobstacle.易错分析：脱离语境，只记得熟词意思误选C，应根据for之后句意及上句的意思判断熟词生义。【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.(她编写了一台IBM7030Stretch计算机，为精确的地球模型提供了更快的计算。)”说明这个数学模型是GPS的基础，从而推知划线词句“(这个关于地球形状的详细数学模型是GPS轨道的abuildingblock。)”其中划线短语应为“基石”的意思，与A项同义。故选A项。【变式1】（吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Alistenerwhoseheadisinsome“sweetspot”hearshigh-qualitysound.Butasonegelsfartherfromthesweetspot,thesounddiminishes.That’sbecausesoundwavesfromdifferentloudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother’ssound.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishes”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Becomeslower. B．Travelsfaster.C．Getssweeter. D．Soundsnicer.易错分析：不能看出画线部分词根中mini含义“微型，袖珍的”，且未能关注上句but前后两句话之间的转折意义是错误主要原因。【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文内容以及后句“That’sbecausesoundwavesfromdifferentloudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother’ssound.（这是因为来自不同扬声器的声波相互作用，相互抵消对方的声音）”可知，这种技术是通过降噪处理消除对别人的干扰，因此推断划线句句意：但当你远离最佳点时，声音就会减弱。故判断该词义为“声音变小”。故选A。【变式2】（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）Actually,untilherpregnancyQuarleshadbeenlivingatbreakneckspeed.Itwentsountillastyear.“Iwasexhausted,”shesays.“I’dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”......Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“breakneck”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Safeandslow. B．Fastanddangerous.C．Excitingandterrifying. D．Gentleandcomfortable.易错分析：受break的熟词词义影响，脱离语境误选A。根据Actually的逻辑转折意义，及下文引述的话可推知逻辑含义。【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“AliciaQuarleshasherhandsfullthesedays—bothofthem,atallhoursofthedayandnight.(这些天艾丽西亚·夸尔斯忙得不可开交——无论是白天还是晚上)”及划线词下文““Iwasexhausted,”shesays.“I’dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”(“我筋疲力尽，”她说。“我一直在做三份工作，做慈善，不停地工作。我担心我的心理健康状况会越来越差。”)”可知，夸尔斯工作繁忙，生活速度非常快，以至于筋疲力尽。由此推知，划线词breakneck与Fastanddangerous(快速危险)意思接近。故选B。【变式3】（广东省揭阳市普宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Inearly2021,Ihitarutinmystudies.AsadoctoralcandidateattheUniversityofChicagoinIllinois,Iworkedtodesignsafer,moreeffectivematerialsforvaccinedelivery.AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.......Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“hitarut”inparagraph1mean?A．Stoppedprogressingsmoothly. B．Hadveryslowreactions.C．Acceptedhardwork’svalue. D．Overcameabigproblem.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.(虽然我在研究生生涯的早期很有成效，但我的长时间和辛勤工作不再转化为实验室的成功，我对实现自己的目标感到绝望。有些事情必须改变。)”可知，我在学业上遇到了瓶颈，所以划线部分的短语是停止顺利进行的意思。故选A项。【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点【例2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）ThecreatorsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreatsfacingtheAfricancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellaspreventing250milliontonsofcarbon.TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.“TheGreatGreenWall…isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,”saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionCommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative.“Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisistheverythingofus!”Whatdoes“us”underlinedinParagraph3referto?AfricanUnions.B．Alladvocates. C．Landowners. D．AllAfricans.易错分析：本题容易脱离话题，主观臆断。不可烦躁，浮于表面，应严密查找上文语句和词语之间的逻辑联系。【答案】D【导语】词句猜测题。根据第三段“TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.(这一倡议是非洲驱动的，对非洲大陆的人来说至关重要，可能是成功的关键)”以及““TheGreatGreenWall…isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,”saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionCommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative.“Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisistheverythingofus!”(“绿色长城……是关于所有权的问题，而这正是发展援助的失败之处，因为人们从未认同它，”非洲联盟撒哈拉和萨赫勒绿色长城倡议专员埃尔维斯·保罗·坦加姆说。“但这一次他们认同了。这就是我们的本性！)”可知，此处的us指“所有的非洲人”。故选D项。【变式2】（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）RegulatorylimitsforhowmuchPFASfoodpackagingshouldcontaincanvarygreatly.Forinstance,anewlawinCaliforniasetthelimitatlessthan100ppm.“ComparedtoAmerica,Denmarksetsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,”saidXeniaTrier,anexpertattheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency.“Itdoesworktosetlimitsandenforcethem.PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.Ingeneral,transmissionfrompackagingtofoodisincreasedasthetemperatureofthefoodrises.Itisthesamewiththetimespentinwrappingmaterials.”TriertoldNBS,oneofthemajorAmericanmass-mediacompanies.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?A．Considerablemigrationofgreaseandwater.B．PFAStransmissionfrompackagingtofood.C．Wrapperexposuretohighfoodtemperature.D．Regulatorylimitsconcerningfoodpackaging.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.(PFAS确实从纸张转移到了食品中。尽管它不是100%，但我们仍然看到了相当大的传播)”可知，句中it指代上文提及的“PFAS从纸张转移到食品中”。故选B。【变式3】（2023年全国高三专项练习）Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemicalthatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssawpicturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.......Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inparagraph3referto?A．Amidbrainarea. B．Asocialactivity. C．Avolunteer. D．Ahamburger.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三自然段“Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.(在志愿者被隔离后，当他们看到自己错过的社交活动时，这些大脑区域就会变得活跃。可能是做运动或和朋友聊天)”可知，代词It指代的是前文中让大脑会变得活跃的socialactivities之一。故选B项。【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点【例3】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹没)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.......Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimpliesthat______.A．howevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobesatisfiedB．howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoorC．thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimplelifeD．thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeacage易错分析：拘泥于字面意思，易误选C、D，应根据上句，理解深层含义。【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹没)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.(大多数人已经被事情淹没了。他们吃得太多，穿得太多，去得太多，说得太多)”可推知，大多数人有耽于生活中物质的东西和琐碎的东西，比如吃穿和闲聊，由此推知，尽管他们物质丰富，但实际精神生活匮乏，这正是划线句表达的意思，与B项“howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoor(无论物质上多么富裕，他们精神上仍然贫乏)”同义。故选B项。【变式1】（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginnerseachweek,Aliciawasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountainmoretimesthaninthe15yearscombinedandI’vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.......Whatdoesthefatherimplybysaying“I’vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.”?A．Itisrewardingtolearnnewskills. B．Skiinghasbecomehislifelonghobby.C．Hewillexploremorewithhisdaughter. D．Hisdaughterwillaccompanyhimforever.【答案】C【解析】句意猜测题。根据第二段“Watchingyourkidslearnnewskillsisextraordinarilyrewarding,butI’veexperiencedmorepersonalgrowththanIhaveatanyotherpointinmylife.”（看着你的孩子学习新技能是非常值得的，但我经历的个人成长比我生命中其他任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginnerseachweek,Aliciawasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountainmoretimesthaninthe15yearscombined”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多）可知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。【变式2】（2022年全国高三专练）Whenyouneedajobverymuch,youmayenduptakingOfcourse,youmayseektasksandresponsibilitiesthatforceyoutolearnsomethingnewortoworkharder.