第3讲十大词性和八种句子成分课件20242025初升高英语衔接课程

2024-2025初升高

英语衔接第3讲十大词性和八种句子成分一句话搞懂十大词性Wow,threelittlegirlsarewalkingslowlyintheparkandtheyarehappy.口诀助记:感叹词数词形容词名词动词副词介词冠词名词连词代词动词名代动，形副数，介连冠感十大词性形容词动词一、十大词类分类名称缩写意义重要考点实词名词n.命名万事万物：分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词可分为__________和__________可数名词变复数、常见不可数名词、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化代词pron.代名词：__________、__________、__________、__________等各种代词的用法；it的用法动词v.表动作或状态：包括__________、__________、__________和__________谓语动词的时态、语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气；非谓语动词形容词adj.修饰__________或__________形容词变副词；形容词、副词的比较级和最高级；动词、名词变形容词；易混形容词副词辨析副词adv.修饰__________、__________、__________或__________数词num.表数量/顺序：分为__________和__________基数词和序数词的用法可数名词不可数名词人称代词物主代词反身代词不定代词行为动词系动词助动词情态动词名词代词动词形容词另外一个副词整个句子基数词序数词变化规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-sday→days；strength(优势)→strengths；2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es，注意th结尾直接加-sdish(碟子；饭菜)→dishes；branch(树枝)→branches3

以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esknife(刀)→knives；leaf(叶子)→leaves个别的加-sroof(房顶)→roofs；chef(厨师)→chefs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esactivity→activities(2021);study(研究）→studies5

以-o结尾的名词

一般加-sphoto(照片)→photos；bamboo(竹子)→bamboos少数加-es口诀助记：黑人(negroes)英雄(heroes)爱吃土豆(potatoes)西红柿(tomatoes)和芒果(mangoes）附录1:可数名词变复数规则--规则变化可数名词变复数规则--不规则变化变化规则例词1改变内部元音字母foot→feet；tooth→teeth;man→men；policeman→policemen2单复数相同sheep→sheep；Chinese(中国人)→Chinese；means(方式)→means；series(系列)→series；3无规则变化child→children4

合成名词

将主体名词变为复数passer-by（路人）→passers-by；无主体名词将最后一部分变为复数grown-up(成年人)→grown-ups将两部分都变为复数womansinger→women-singers附录2:名词所有格用法所有格形式举例1‘s/s’类:一般表示有生命的名词所有格，但时间、距离、国家城市等无生命名词也可以使用。单数及不规则名词复数’s,复数名词s’ateacher’sduty一个教师职责;theboss’soffice老板的办公室;Women’sDay妇女节;Children’sDay儿童节;Teachers’Day教师节;theparents’right父母的权利;yesterday’snewspaper昨天的报纸;twomiles’walk两英里的路程；China’shistory中国的历史注意：thedoctor’s=thedoctor’soffice医务所；theSmith’s史密斯的家（区分theSmiths史密斯一家人）2of类：一般表示无生命名词的所有格themouthoftheriver河口;thecoverofthebook书的封面3双重所有格：由of所有格和‘s/s’或名词性物主代词构成astudentofmyfather’s

我爸爸的一个学生;afriendof

mine

我的一个朋友附录3:代词的变化形式类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词功能作主语作宾语作定语修饰n.作主语、宾语或表语=形物代+n.作宾语(必须主宾一致)、同位语或状语第一人称Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人称you你youyouryoursyourselfyou你们youyouryoursyourselves第三人称hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves附录4:形容词变副词规则类别例词1.一般直接加­lyextreme→extremely极其地(2020)；regular→regularly有规律地2.以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加­lyhappy→happily高兴地特例：shy→shyly害羞地(直接加ly)3.词尾为le的形容词，去掉e，再加­yterrible→terribly可怕地；极其地特例：whole—wholly完全地；整体地(双写l)4.词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加­lytrue→truly真实地5.词尾为l的形容词，加-ly;词尾为ll的形容词，直接加­yofficial→officially正式地(2016)full→fully充分地；完全地6.词尾为­ic的形容词，加­allybasic→basically主要地，基本上scientific→scientifically科学地附录5:形容词/副词变比较级和最高级---规则变化构成

例词原级比较级最高级一般直接加­er，­estlonglongerlongest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加­r和­stfinefinerfinest重读辅元辅结尾双写词尾字母后再加­er和­estbigfatterfattest“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加­er和­esteasyeasiereasiest多音节(>或=三个音节)和部分双音节的形容词或副词都在前面加more和mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcareful形容词/副词变比较级和最高级---不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar

farther更远的/地（具体概念）farthest最远的/地further更进一步的/地(抽象概念)furthest在最大程度上/地oldolder/elder(年长的)oldest/eldest基数词变序数词规则

规律单词一般后加thfour→fourth，six→sixth,seven→seventh，ten→tenth，eleven→eleventh，thirteen→thirteenth，fourteen→fourteenth，hundred→hundredth，1.2.3特殊记one→first，two→second，tree→third8去t,9去e,ve要用f替eight→eighth，nine→ninth，five→fifth，twelve→twelfth几十ty要变tietwenty→twentieth，thirty→thirtieth，forty→fortieth，fifty→fiftieth若是遇到几十几只变个位就可以twenty-one→twenty-first，thirty-five→thirty-fifthinhis

sixties(sixty)在他60多岁thousands/millionsof数以千/百万计

分类名称缩写意义重要考点虚词介词prep.介词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，需用在__________、__________、__________和__________的前面介词的用法及搭配连词conj.分为__________和__________并列连词和从句连词的用法冠词art.用于__________前或“形容词修饰的名词”帮助说明名词含义的一种虚词冠词的用法及搭配感叹词int.表语气了解名词动名词doing代词宾语从句并列连词从句连词名词思考:实词和虚词的区别是什么？实词可以单独做句子成分；虚词一般不可以单独作句子成分，一般和其他词或句子连用构成一定的句子成分。1.Young__________(child)satunderatreewithgreen__________(leaf)andtalkedabouttheirdreams.Some__________(student)dreamwasthattheyhopedtheywouldbecamegreat__________(music).2.Mr.Zhangis__________(we)Englishteacherandhealwayshelps__________(I)learnEnglishpatiently.Hetaught__________(he)whenhewasyoung.Iconsiderhimafriendof__________(I).3.Theboy’sfather__________(pass)awaytwoyearsago,__________(leave)himagreatsumofmoney.4.Inthepastfewyears,greatchanges__________(take)placeinourhometown.childrenleavesstudents’musicianourhimselfmeminepassedleavinghavetaken十大词性练习5.__________(unlucky),theoldmanwas__________(serious)hurtintheaccident.Butdoctorswere__________(amaze)thatthemanrecoveredmuch_______(quickly)thanexpected..6.__________(hundred)ofguestsgatheredtocelebratetheoldman’s_______(ninety-nine)birthday.Althoughtheoldmanwasinhis__________(ninety),hewasingoodhealth.7.__________acoldmorning,agroup__________policemensearchedtheforest__________themurderer（杀人犯）.Theysearchedeverywhere__________stillcouldn’tfindthemurder__________killedthewoman.Theybelieved________theywouldcatchthemurdersoonerorlater.8.As________universitystudent,Iwasmovedby________movieMypeople,Mycountry.HundredsofninetiesOnforbutaninety-ninthwho/thattheUnluckilyserioulyamazedmorequicklythat一句话搞懂英语八大句子成分IsawmyfriendJackdancingintheroomandhewashappy.

主语谓语定语宾语同位语宾补状语主系动词）表语句子是一家，八人来帮它；主谓宾表补，定状同位语。八大句子成分口诀助记:主语：动作的发出者，一般位于句首Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)IamanexchangestudentfromtheUK.Goingfromjuniorhighschooltoseniorhighschoolisareallybigchallenge.Tostartmywoncompanyismydream.Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue.ItisusefultolearnEnglish.Thericharenotalwayshappy.HowtolearnEnglishwelltroublesme.代词动名词doing不定式todo主语从句it作形式主语the+形容词表一类人疑问词+不定式主语谓语：即谓语动词，表动作或状态，一般在主语后HepractisesspeakingEnglisheveryday.Heisanexcellentteacher.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.Iwouldstayathomeallday.行为动词系动词助动词+行为动词/系动词情态动词+行为动词原形/系动词原形谓语宾语：动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词及介词后Hewrotealettertome.Iwanttovisitthemuseum.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithinkthatheisfitforthejob.IfindithardtolearnEnglish.Weshouldhelpthepoor.Idotknowwheretogo.名词todo不定式动名词doing宾语从句it作形式宾语the+形容词表一类人疑问词+不定式todo宾语表语：一般在系动词后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态I’mafreshmanatseniorhighschool.Thefoodtastesgood.Themachineisunderrepair.MydreamistobeanEnglishteacher.Myhobbyisplayingfootball.Thenewsisexciting.Ifeelexcited.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.Thewarwasover.名词形容词介词短语todo不定式动名词doing现在分词doing/过去分词done表语从句副词表语补语：包括宾语补足语和主语补足语。最常见的是宾语补足语，对宾语进行补充说明HisfathernamedhimGoudan.Thenewsmakeshimsad.Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Itallowspeopletogetclosetonature./Itmakesuscry.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Ifoundmymoneystolen.补语名词形容词介词短语todo不定式现在分词过去分词二、八大句子成分定语：修饰名词或代词,如果定语是由一个单词，通常要前置即前置定语；如果定语是一个词组或一个句子时，通常则后置即后置定语Guilinisabeautifulcity.TheboyunderthetreeisTomTheboycryingoverthereismysister.Themanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisanexpert.形容词介词短语现在分词短语定语从句二、八大句子成分状语：修饰动词、形容词、另外一个副词或整个句子,说明动作的方式、时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、伴随等或形容词、副词的状态特征Hedoeshishomeworkcarefully

inhisstudy

everymorning.Theboyisverystrongandrunsextremelyfast.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.Annahadaterribleaccidentwhenshewassix.副词(短语