选择性Unit5词汇讲解3

选修性必修一Unit5WorkingtheLandⅠ.重点词汇1.convincevt.使相信;使确信;说服【教材原句】Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.(P50)袁隆平坚信,可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。【词块必记】convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事convincesb.todosth. 说服某人做某事convincesb.that... 使某人相信……【构词法】convincedadj.坚信的;深信的;确信的;convincingadj.令人信服的;convincinglyadv.令人信服地;有说服力地【易混辨析】convince指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。persuade普通用词,指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。urge语气强,指不断地热情地规劝诱导。【知识微练】单句语法填空①Shewasmorethaneverconvinced__herwisdominnotexposingherselftotheEnglishclimate.②Ittookmanyhours__________(convince)meofhisguilt.

③By__________(convince)methatnogoodcouldcomeofstaying,hepersuadedmetoleave.④I’m_________(convince)thatsheistellingthetruth.oftoconvinceconvincingconvinced2.assumptionn.[C]假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得【教材原句】Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.(P50)当时人们普遍认为这是不可能做到的。【词块必记】makeassumptions/anassumptionabout...对……做假设ontheassumptionthat...假定……,假设……【构词法】assumevt.假定,认为;承担(责任);→assumingconj.假如,假设为真【熟词生义】assumption的另一个意思是“担任,承担”,多与介词of连用。【知识微练】完成句子①Thetheoryisbasedon__________________________.

这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为依据的。②Don’trelyontheinformationshegaveyou;itis_______________.

不要相信她告诉你的消息,那完全是臆测。③Thetheoryisbottomedon______________________.

这一理论是建立在靠不住的假设基础上的。④ImadeamistakeandIwill________________________.

我错了,我愿为此承担责任。aseriesofwrongassumptionspureassumptionquestionableassumptionsassumeresponsibilityforit3.attainvt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到【教材原句】Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.(P50)杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比常规作物高。【易混辨析】attain,reach,achieve,arrive均有“达到”之意。(1)attain侧重指在抱负或雄心的激励下,以最大的努力去达到一般所不及或不敢追求的目的。(2)reach常用词,指到达某一空间、时间、目标或发展过程中的某一点。(3)achieve侧重为达到目的所需的技巧、忍耐和努力。(4)arrive指得出结论,达成某项协议或做出某一决定等。该词是不及物动词,后面通常接介词at。【知识微练】完成句子①I’mdeterminedto__________________________.

我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。②Thecountry______________________in1972.

这个国家在1972年获得了独立。③Theyfinally______________________.

他们最终到达了他们的目的地。④Hewillnever_______________ifhedoesn’tworkhard.

他如果不努力工作就永远不会有所成就。attainmypurposeatanycostattaineditsindependencereachedtheirdestinationachieveanythingⅡ.核心短语4.devote...to把……用于;献身;致力;专心【典型例句】Now,sheisamodelandperformanceartistdevoted

tooceanconservation.现在,她是一名致力于海洋保护的模特和行为艺术家。【词块必记】bedevotedto(doing)sth.献身于;专心致志于(做)某事devoteone’slife/time/energyto(doing)sth.把某人的生命/时间/精力献给……devoteoneselfto 致力于;献身于;专心于【知识微练】单句语法填空①Healwaysdevoteshisattention_________(help)thehomelesschildren.

②_______(devote)tohisresearch,healmostforgoteverythingabouthimself.③Weappreciatedhis________(devote)totheproject.tohelpingDevoteddevotion5.inturn相应地;转而;依次;轮流【典型例句】Itcanbequitestressfulattimes,though,whichin

turnmakesmefeelanxious.然而,有时压力很大,这反过来又让我感到焦虑。【词块必记】byturns轮流地(表示“轮流地,交替地”,相当于alternately,inturn,多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作)taketurnsindoing/todosth.轮流做某事It’sone’sturntodosth. 轮到某人做某事。takeone’sturn 轮到某人做【知识微练】单句语法填空①Theshopassistantshadtohavetheirdaysoff___turns.②Theyhadtotaketurns______(look)afterthepatients.

③Ithinkit’smyturn_______(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.

④Peopletrytoavoidtransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthis__turncreatesfurtherproblems.完成句子⑤Theoryisbasedonpracticeand____________________.

理论以实践为基础,反过来又为实践服务。bytolooktodriveininturnservespractice6.keep...freeof/from...使……免受(影响、伤害等)【教材原句】Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfree

ofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.(P55)有机农户专注于通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和没有疾病。【词块必记】keepup保持,使不低落keepupwith 赶上,不落后keepout(of...) 不让……进入keepoff 离开;避开【易混辨析】keep/stop/preventsb.fromdoingsth.都表示“阻止某人做某事”的意思,但stop,prevent中的from可省略,而keep中的from不可省略。若把from省略,则keepsb.doingsth.意为“使某人一直做某事”。在被动语态中,from都不可省略。【知识微练】单句语法填空①Weshouldkeepthechildrenfree_______drugs.②Shehaskept___physicaltrainingforseveralyearswithoutinterruption.③Intheyearsahead,hereflected,hewouldneedtostayalertandinformedjusttokeepup____Celiamentally.④Hewantsyoutokeephim________(inform)ofhowthingsaregoingwithyou.⑤Thehighcostofrawmaterialsiskeepingprices___.of/fromupwithinformedupⅢ.经典句式7.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehasdevotedhislife.

确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的数百万中国农民一样。

【典型例句】Thepersonabout

whom

they

are

talkingisourmathteacher.他们正在谈论的那个人是我们的数学老师。【句型公式】“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词前介词选择三原则:一先,二动,三意义(重中之重)。一先,即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择;二动,即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择;三意义,即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。注意有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分,介词只能放在动词后,如:lookfor。【知识微练】单句语法填空①Canyoutellmethedate___whichyouwereborn?②Hisglasses,_______whichhecouldseenothing,fellonthegroundandbroke.③Hebuiltatelescope_______whichhecouldstudythesky.④Ineverforgetthedayon______Icametothisschool.⑤October1,1949wasthedate___whichthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.⑥Tom’sfatherhasboughtacar__whichhegoestoworkonwithoutthroughwhichonin【补充要点】1.estimatevt.估计;估价;估算n.估计;估算【典型例句】Iestimateitwilltakethreemonthstobuildthebridge.我估计建造这座桥得用3个月时间。【词块必记】estimatesth.at...估算某物为……beestimatedtodosth.估计做某事Itisestimated(that)... 据估计……ataroughestimate

粗略估计makeanaccurateestimate

准确估计【知识微练】

完成句子①________________(据估计)totalinvestmentinthecountrywillcontinuetoincreasethisyear.

②_________________(粗略估计),thearmymusthave

covered250milesthatday.③Weneedto_______________________(作出准确的估计)beforehand.ItisestimatedthatAtaroughestimatemakeanaccurateestimate2.realityn.现实;实际情况;事实【教材原句】Hislatestvisionfor“seawaterrice”hasalsobecomeareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometresofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.(P51)他对“海水稻”的最新设想也已成为现实,并可能在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地,用于水稻生产。【词块必记】

becomeareality变成现实inreality

事实上;实际上bring...backtoreality

使……回到现实face/acceptreality

面对/接受现实escapefromreality 逃避现实turn...intoreality/realities 实现【构词法】realadj.真的;真实的→reallyadv.真正地;realisticadj.现实的;实事求是的【知识微练】单句语法填空①Whenthe______(real)wasdestroyed,thelegendhadfreedomtoexpand.②Hisplansweretransformedovernight____reality.③Thereisthepointthatthewealththatmostpeopleseemtobeenjoyingisnottheirs__reality.realityintoin完成句子④Thespeedof6Gwillexceed125GB/s,allowingfor______________________________.6G的速度将会超过每秒125GB,使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。

⑤MrGreenisaprofessor______________________.

格林先生是徒有虚名的教授。⑥Wethoughthewasseriousbut________________________.我们以为他是认真的,但实际上他是在开玩笑。

⑦Whensomeonesays,“Don’tburyyourheadinthesand.”,hemeansyoushouldn’t_________________(逃避现实).

anewgenerationofvirtualrealityinnamebutnotinrealityinreality/facthewasjokingescapefromreality3.overcomevt.克服;解决;战胜【典型例句】

Nobodycouldovercomeherjump.她的一跳,无人能超越。【词块必记】beovercomewithgrief悲不自胜beovercomewithregret 后悔不已overcomeone’sshortcomings 克服某人的缺点beovercomewithhomesickness 乡愁满肠overcomeshortcomingsinone’swork 克服工作中的缺点overcomedifficulties 战胜困难【知识微练】完成句子①Helpingmyhusbandto_______________________wasarealtestofourlove.

帮助我丈夫渡过难关的确是对我们爱情的一次考验。②Aslongasweareunited,thereisnodifficulty__________________.

只要大伙儿拧成一股绳,没有克服不了的困难。③Once______________________(攻下这一困难),otherproblemswillbeeasytosolve.

overcomethedifficulttimewecannotovercomethisdifficultyisovercome4.becomprisedof包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)【教材原句】Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinais

comprised

ofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.(P50)据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。【词块必记】bemadeupof由……组成consistof 由……组成【知识微练】单句语法填空①Acricketteamiscomprised__elevenplayers.②Thismonth’sfigures_____________(comprise)inthetotal.

完成句子③Theclass____________________________________________.

这个班级主要由英国和法国的学生组成。④Thechapters__________________________________areespeciallygood.

构成那部小说开头部分的几章特别好。ofarecomprisediscomprisedmainlyofBritishandFrenchstudentsthatcomprisethefirstpartofthenovel附1：1.话题词汇(1)introduction(引言):Nowadaysmoreandmorepeople.../...playsanimportantrolein.../...havebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.../Generallyspeaking,thefavorableaspects/advantagescanbelistedasfollows...(2)mainbody(主体):Firstly...Secondly...Inaddition/What’smore/Moreover.../Everycoinhastwosides.../Tomakethingsworse...(3)Conclusion(结论):Throughaboveanalysis/Allthingsconsidered,wecansee.../Therefore...

2.话题句式(1)总起:Differentpeopleholddifferentopinions/Theopinionsaredivided/Peoplehavetaken/adopteddifferentattitudestowards/Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem/Peopletakedifferentviewsonthisquestion(2)表达不同观点:ofthemholdtheopinionthat/ofthemareinfavoroftheideathat/Peoplewhoarefor/againsttheideathink/Somepeoplebelievethat...Othersarguethat...(3)不同观点之间的衔接:However,someofthemholdadifferentview/holdtheoppositeopinion/Peoplewhoareagainstitdon’tthinkso/However,eachcoinhastwosides/Differentfromthose,peoplethink/Ontheotherhand.../Peopleobjectthat...(4)并列关系:and,aswellas,also(5)递进关系:besides,inaddition,moreover,what’smore(6)比较、对比:like,unlike,onthe