广东省潮州市暨实高级中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

潮州暨实高三期中考试英语一、阅读理解AYellowstonePosterExhibitiontoBeonViewatUW’sCoeLibraryAfirst-of-its-kindexhibitionthatfocusesonthehistoryofYellowstoneNationalParkposterswillbeondisplayattheUniversityofWyoming’sCoeLibrarybeginningTuesday,February1.“WonderlandIllustrated”willpresentpostersandposter-styleillustrationsoftheparkspanningfromthe1870sthrough2022.TheexhibitionwillbelocatedonLevel3ofCoeLibrary.ItwillbeonviewthroughTuesday,May31.Theexhibitiontakesplaceatthesametimeasthisyear’s150thanniversaryofthecreationofYellowstoneNationalPark.Thepostersintheexhibitionservethepurposeofbothadvertisingandart.“We’rethrilledtobeworkingwithYellowstonecollectorsJackandSusanDavís,andLarryandTheaLancastertobringthisexhibitiontotheUniversityofWyomingaspartofyear-longcelebrationsrecognizingYellowstone’s150thanniversary,”saysTamsenHert,headofUWLibraries’EmmettD．ChisumSpecialCollections.“Thisexhibitioninvolvesthehistoryofprinting,art,photographyandadvertisingover16decades.Theimagesreproducedarefoundontravelbrochures,postcardsandmaps—manyofwhichareheldinourcollections.”Oneposterfromtheexhibition—HenryWellge’s“YellowstoneNationalPark”from1904—wasrecentlypurchasedwithdonatedfundsandisnowpartofUWLibraries’EmmettD．ChisumSpecialCollections.Wellge,aproductivebird’s-eye-viewartist,designedthepiecefortheNorthernPacificRailroad,whichusedittoadvertisethepark.Thisisauniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.1．Howlongwilltheexhibition“WonderlandIllustrated”last?A．Twoweeks. B．Threemonths. C．Fourmonths. D．Oneyear.2．Whatisapurposeoftheexhibition?A．Torememberafamousartist. B．ToraisefundforCoeLibrary.C．Tomarktheanniversaryofanationalpark. D．TotellthehistoryoftheUniversityofWyoming.3．Whatdoweknowaboutthe1904posterHenryWellgedesigned?A．Itisrareintheworld. B．Itisinblackandwhite.C．Itisprintedoncloth. D．Itisownedbyaprofessor.BParrotsarepreyanimals,whichmeansthatotherpredators(捕食者)inthewild,suchashawksorsnakes,arelookingtomakethemintoameal.Thisonefactorinfluencesparrots’behaviorinyourhousemorethananyother.Parrotsaremosteasilyhurtwhenfeedingontheground.Membershipinagroupplaysanimportantfunctioninensuringtheirsafetyandimprovingtheirchancesofsurvivalfromattacksbypredators.Themostcommonpredatorsofparrotsincludehawks,snakes,cats,monkeys,andbats.Somepredatorsmakeattacksonlyduringthedaywhileothershuntinthenight.Aspreyanimals,parrotsareconstantlywatchingoutfordangerandtheyinstinctively(本能地)reacttorisks.Theirfirstchoiceistotakeflight.However,ifthisisnotpossible,theywillfightwiththeirpowerfulbeakstodefendthemselves.Becausetheirbiggestenemyisthehawk,parrotsareespeciallyreactivetoquickmovementsfromaboveandbehind.Forthisreason,itiswisetoavoidquick,suddenmovementsnearyourbird.Thisisabuilt-inreactionnotsubjecttologicorreason.Simpleandrelativelyharmlesshouseholdobjectscandrawextremefearresponsesfromabird.Forexample,aballoonmayrepresentahawkoravacuumhose(吸尘器软管)maybethesameasasnakeinyourbird’smind.Aspreyanimals,parrotsareoftenfrightenedbyexposuretonewhouseholditemsorstrangers.Itisimportanttoexposeyourbirdtosafeexperiencesandchangesstartingataveryyoungagetobuildflexibilityandimprovetheiradaptability.Varietyindietandtoys,travel,andexposuretonewpeopleandplacesallhelptomakeyourbirdmoreflexibleandadaptabletochange.4．Whatisimportantforparrotstobettersurvivefromattacksinthewild?A．Livinginagroup. B．Growingbeautifulfeathers.C．Feedingontheground. D．Avoidingcomingoutatnight.5．Whatisparrots’firstresponsetoanimmediaterisk?A．Toattackback. B．Togetaway.C．Toprotecttheyoung. D．Toplaydead.6．Whywouldaballoonfrightenaparrot?A．Itmayexplodesuddenly. B．Itmaybeinastrangeshape.C．Itmayhaveastrongcolor. D．Itmaymovearoundquickly.7．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A．Toexplainwildparrots’behavior. B．Togiveadviceonraisingaparrot.C．Tocallforactiontoprotectanimals. D．Tointroduceastudyonbirdecology.CInhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:“Ihavecometotheconclusionthatthereisonlyonewaytogetthebestofanargument—andthatistoavoidit.”Thisdistasteforargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Likephysicalfights,verbal(言语的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Youwouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.Pairsofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinnercomesoutfromallwhoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingexplainswhysomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments.However,therearewaystowinanargumenteverytime.Whenyoustateyourposition,formulate(阐述)anargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Whenyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirviewandspellouttheirargumentfully.Assessitsstrengthandweakness.Raiseobjections(异议)andlistencarefullytotheirreplies.Thismethodwillrequireeffort,butpracticewillmakeyoubetteratit.Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument—notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningaboutwhatdividespeople,learningwhytheydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.8．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardCarnegie’sunderstandingofargument?A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Uncertain.9．Whydomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments?A．Theylackdebatingskills. B．Theymayfeelbadeveniftheywin.C．Theyfearbeingignored. D．Theyarenotconfidentinthemselves.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“spellout”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Defend. B．Explain. C．Conclude. D．Repeat.11．Whatisthekeyto“winning”anargumentaccordingtotheauthor?A．Senseoflogic. B．Solidsupportingevidence.C．Propermanners. D．Understandingfrombothsides.DForlotsofkids,toddlerhood(幼儿期)isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation.Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament(性格).Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresultinunpleasantbehavior.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy(“Beniscrying.What’smakinghimsosad?”),thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem(“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”).Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy(同理心)towardafriend,praisehim(“Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.”).Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.It’salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild’spersonalityaffectsplaytime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey’resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey’rerefreshed.12．Whatdoesitindicatewhentoddlerscopytheirplaymates’behavior?A．Theyareinterestedinacting. B．Theyareshywiththestrangers.C．Theyarefondoftheirplaymates. D．Theyaretiredofplayinggames.13．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdofortheirkids?A．Designgamesforthem. B．Findthemsuitableplaymates.C．Playtogetherwiththem. D．Helpthemunderstandsocialrules.14．Whatisthefunctionofthequotedstatementsinparagraph4?A．Givingexamples. B．Explainingconcepts.C．Providingevidence. D．Makingcomparisons.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowChildrenAdapttoChanges B．HowtoBeaRoleModelforChildrenC．HowYourBabyLearnstoLove D．HowtoCommunicatewithYourKid二、七选五CommonMistakesNewRunnersMakeRunningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(妨碍)withtrainingorleadtoinjury.16,keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.·DoingtoomuchtoosoonOneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine17.·18Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtoruneveryday(ornearlyeveryday)tomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Runningisahigh-impactactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbody.Soit’simportanttogiveyourbodyarestbetweenworkouts.·Notwearingtherightequipment19,it’simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts.Themostimportantpieceofequipmentforrunningisagoodpairofrunningshoes,sobesuretodosomeresearchbeforeyoupurchaseapair.Visitarunningspecialtystoreandaskanemployeetofityouforashoe.•Runningthroughpain20Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain.Remember:Itdoesn’tmakeyoulessofarunnerifyoulistentoyourbodytokeepithealthy.A．NottakingrestdaysB．Ifyou’rejuststartingoutC．ComparingyourselftoothersD．RunningcanbeuncomfortableattimesE．It’simportantnottousethesamemusclesF．Whileitmaybetruethatyoudon’tneedexpensiveequipmenttotakeuprunningG．Expertssuggestincreasingyourrunningdistancebynomorethan10%eachweek三、完形填空IwashalfwayacrossIndianaheadedhometoKentuckywhenmycarbrokedown.Myphonewas21,too.Imanagedtogettoagasstation,butitwasSundayintheearlyfall,andtherewasno22onduty.Iwasworkingmywaythroughuniversitythenandhadlittlemoneyfor23thecar.Isatalongsidemycarforseveralhourstryingto24theheatwhenanoldergentleman25tofuelhiscar.

Heaskedaboutmycar,andI26mypredicament(困境).Tomy27,thegentlemantoldmethathehadadaughtermyage,andthenheopenedhistrunkand28atoolset.Rightthenandthere,thistotal29examinedmyengine,explainingasheworkedthatmysparkplugs(火花塞)hadn’tbeenchangedforsolongthattheywere30tofunction.

Afteraboutanhour,he31thatmycarwassafetofinishthetrip.32cameatthehandsofastranger.33hisclothes,workingonahotSeptemberafternoon,thisman34acollegestudentfromdisaster,justbecauseshecouldhavebeenhis35.21．A．busy B．loud C．dead D．secure22．A．mechanic B．policeman C．manager D．guide23．A．washing B．parking C．purchasing D．maintaining.24．A．feel B．beat C．absorb D．produce25．A．promised B．refused C．stopped D．volunteered26．A．solved B．noticed C．escaped. D．explained27．A．surprise B．regret C．amusement. D．disappointment28．A．calledup B．pulledout C．putdown D．threwaway29．A．liar B．beginner C．stranger D．loser30．A．free B．ready C．uncertain D．unable31．A．pronounced B．agreed C．discovered D．doubted32．A．Tiredness B．Kindness C．Loneliness D．Carefulness33．A．Folding B．Drying C．Soiling. D．Mending34．A．saved B．called C．judged D．banned35．A．friend B．daughter C．coworker D．customer四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Wheneveryouhavetowriteapaper,aletter,oranyotherdocumentforworkorschool,youprobablyheadtowardthecomputer.Now,mostpeoplereachfor36(keyboard)fasterthantheypickuppens.InaScottishprimaryschool,however,Mr.NormanLewisistakingadifferentapproach.Hefeelsthatneathandwriting37(be)stillanimportantskill,sohehashisstudentswritenotonlybyhandbutalso38oldfashionedfountainpens.Fountainpens39(use)inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregainingpopularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.Today,awriter40(simple)throwsanemptypenawayandgets41newone.Sofar,Mr.Lewisispleasedwiththeresultsofhisexperiment.Hereportsthathisstudentsaretakingmorecarewiththeirwork,andtheirself-confidencehasimprovedaswell.Heishappywiththe42(improve)heseesinhisstudents’writing43inhisownwriting.Heknowsthatcomputersarehere44(stay)andthattheywillnotdisappear.However,hebelievesthatthepracticewithfountainpenshelpsstudentstofocus,towritefaster,andtheycanfeelproudof45(they).五、书信写作46．你校英文报计划举办主题为“携手行动，节约粮食”的作文比赛。请你写一则活动通知，内容包括：(1)介绍活动目的；(2)说明参赛要求。注意：(1)写作词数应为80个左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。WelcometoJointheEnglishWritingCompetition六、书面表达47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Lastsummer,Hildaworkedasavolunteerwithdolphintrainersatasealifepark.Herjobwastomakesurethetankswerefreeofanyitemssothatthetrainerscouldtrainthedolphinstofetchspecificitems.However,onedayaftercleaning,oneofthedolphins,Maya,presentedHildawithacandywrapperfromthetank.WhenKatherine,thetrainer,sawthis,sheblamedHildaforhercarelessness.Upsetbutnotdiscouragedbythisevent,HildadecidedtodosomespyingonMaya.Thenextmorning,Hildaarrivedattheparkearly.Sheputonherscubagear(水下呼吸器)andjumpedintothetankforherusual,underwatersweep.Findingnothinginthetank,sheclimbedoutofthewaterjustintimetoseeKatherinejumpinginontheotherside.Afterwhathappenedyesterday,Hildaknewwhatshewasdoing.ShewatchedasKatherineperformedherunderwatersearch,butHildawasn’tsurprisedwhenshesurfacedempty-handed.Duringthetanksweeps,Mayahadbeenswimmingplayfully,butnowthedolphinstoppedsuddenlyandswamtothebackpartofthetankwherethefilter(过滤)boxwaslocated.Shestuckhernosedownbehindtheboxandthenswamaway.WhatwasMayadoingbackthere?Hildawondered.Shejumpedbackintothewaterandswamovertotakealookbehindthebox,andherquestionwasanswered.HildathenswamacrossthetankfollowingMaya’spathandemergedfromthewatertofindKatherineremovingherscubagear.AsKatherineturnedaround,hermouthdroppedopen.TherewasMayaattheedgeofthetankwithacomb(梳子)inhermouthwaitingforhertreat.“Maya!Wheredidyougetthat?”demandedKatherine,takingthecombandthrowingherafish.“Iknowwhereshegotit,”declaredHildaclimbingoutofthetankwithahandfulofitemsstillwetfromtheirwatery,restingplace.“What’sallthis?”Katherineasked,obviouslyconfused.注意：(1)续写词数应为150个左右;(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。“ThisisMaya’ssecret,”Hildasaidwithabigsmile._______________________________________________________________________________NowKatherinerealizedwhathadbeengoingon.潮州暨实高三期中考试英语答案1．C2．C3．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石海报展览的时间安排以及特色等信息。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Afirst-of-its-kindexhibitionthatfocusesonthehistoryofYellowstoneNationalParkposterswillbeondisplayattheUniversityofWyoming’sCoeLibrarybeginningTuesday,February1.(从2月1日星期二开始，怀俄明大学科图书馆将举办一场首次以黄石国家公园历史海报为主题的展览)”以及第二段“ItwillbeonviewthroughTuesday,May31.(展览将持续到5月31日星期二)”可知，“仙境画报”展览将持续四个月。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据第四段“We’rethrilledtobeworkingwithYellowstonecollectorsJackandSusanDavís,andLarryandTheaLancastertobringthisexhibitiontotheUniversityofWyomingaspartofyear-longcelebrationsrecognizingYellowstone’s150thanniversary(我们很高兴能与黄石收藏者杰克和苏珊·戴维斯以及拉里和西娅·兰开斯特合作，将这次展览带到怀俄明大学，作为纪念黄石公园150周年的为期一年的庆祝活动的一部分)”可知，展览的目的是纪念一个国家公园的周年纪念。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thisisauniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.(这是一件独特的作品，因为像这样的海报是印在软纸上的，很少有幸存下来)”可知，1904年亨利·韦尔奇设计的海报在世界上很罕见。故选A。4．A5．B6．D7．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Membershipinagroupplaysanimportantfunctioninensuringtheirsafetyandimprovingtheirchancesofsurvivalfromattacksbypredators.(群体中的成员在确保其安全和提高其从捕食者袭击中幸存下来的机会方面起着重要作用。)”可知，鹦鹉要想更好地在野外躲避攻击，重要的是要进行集体生活，故选A项。5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Aspreyanimals,parrotsareconstantlywatchingoutfordangerandtheyinstinctively(本能地)reacttorisks.Theirfirstchoiceistotakeflight.(作为猎物，鹦鹉会时刻警惕危险，并本能地对风险做出反应。他们的第一反应是飞走)”可知，鹦鹉对直接风险的第一反应是逃跑，故选B项。6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Becausetheirbiggestenemyisthehawk,parrotsareespeciallyreactivetoquickmovementsfromaboveandbehind.(因为它们最大的敌人是鹰，鹦鹉对来自上方和后方的快速移动特别敏感。)”和下文“Thisisabuilt-inreactionnotsubjecttologicorreason.Simpleandrelativelyharmlesshouseholdobjectscandrawextremefearresponsesfromabird.Forexample,aballoonmayrepresentahawkoravacuumhose(吸尘器软管)maybethesameasasnakeinyourbird’smind.(这是一种不受逻辑或理性约束的内在反应。简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”可知，气球能够吓到鹦鹉是因为气球可能移动速度快，让使鹦鹉联想到鹰，故选D项。7．推理判断题。根据第一段“Parrotsarepreyanimals,whichmeansthatotherpredators(捕食者)inthewild,suchashawksorsnakes,arelookingtomakethemintoameal.Thisonefactorinfluencesparrots’behaviorinyourhousemorethananyother.(鹦鹉是猎物，这意味着野生的其他捕食者，如鹰或蛇，正在寻找将它们作为食物。这一个因素比任何其他因素都更能影响鹦鹉在家里的行为)”、倒数第二段“Simpleandrelativelyharmlesshouseholdobjectscandrawextremefearresponsesfromabird.Forexample,aballoonmayrepresentahawkoravacuumhose(吸尘器软管)maybethesameasasnakeinyourbird’smind.(简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”以及最后一段“Aspreyanimals,parrotsareoftenfrightenedbyexposuretonewhouseholditemsorstrangers.Itisimportanttoexposeyourbirdtosafeexperiencesandchangesstartingataveryyoungagetobuildflexibilityandimprovetheiradaptability.Varietyindietandtoys,travel,andexposuretonewpeopleandplacesallhelptomakeyourbirdmoreflexibleandadaptabletochange.(作为猎物，鹦鹉经常被新的家庭用品或陌生人吓到。从很小的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的体验和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化)”可知，本文的写作目的是对饲养鹦鹉提建议，故选B项。8．A9．B10．B11．D【导语】这是一篇说明文，作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thisdistasteforargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度，故选A。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Likephysicalfights,verbal(言语的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Youwouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方流血。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕)”可知，很多人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。10．词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spellout意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢得’争论的本质)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选D。12．C13．D14．A15．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力发展的重要性，并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方式和可能出现的问题。同时，文章还提供了一些建议和方法，帮助家长在幼儿社交互动中发挥积极作用，培养他们的同情心和表达能力，学会发展友谊。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.(此外，蹒跚学步的孩子表现出他们喜欢其他孩子的方式与成年人认为的友谊表达方式明显不同。哥伦布俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现，一个蹒跚学步的孩子在玩耍时说“我喜欢你”的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行为)”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子模仿朋友的行为说明他们喜欢玩伴，故选C项。13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem(通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社交规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因，当您制定这些指导方针时，请解释其背后的原因)”可知，作者建议家长在孩子的社交生活中设定限制，并且经常提醒孩子们这些限制，也就是社交规则，帮助孩子理解社交规则，故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy (“Beniscrying.What’smakinghimsosad?”)(首先帮助孩子学会同情（(本在哭。是什么让他这么伤心?”）)”以及“thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem (“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”)(然后建议他如何解决这个问题(“如果你让他打球，也许他会感觉好些。”))”可知，这些引用是通过举例说明这两个建议：帮助孩子学会同情并解决问题，故选A项。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood(幼儿期)isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation(对很多孩子来说，蹒跚学步是建立友谊的重要时刻。研究表明，孩子们越早学会建立积极的关系，他们在青少年和成年人时期就越善于与他人建立联系。一起玩耍也有助于这些孩子练习社交行为，如友善、分享和合作)”、第三段“Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare(通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社会规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因)”以及最后一段“Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.(另一种鼓励健康社交的方法是鼓励孩子用语言而不是拳头来表达他们的感受。)”可知，本文主要讲的是家长如何帮助孩子学会爱，学会发展友谊，故选C项。16．B17．G18．A19．F20．D【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了新手跑步者常犯的错误。16．上文“Runningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(妨碍)withtrainingorleadtoinjury.(跑步是保持体形的好方法，几乎每个人都可以做到。然而，许多人会犯一些常见的错误，这些错误可能会干扰训练或导致受伤。)”指出跑步时有些人会犯一些常见的错误，这些错误可能会干扰训练或导致受伤，由本段标题“CommonMistakesNewRunnersMake(新跑步者常犯的错误)”可知，本文主要指出新跑步者会犯的错误，根据下文“keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.(记住这些事情可以帮助您增加跑步成功的机会。)”可知，空处是状语从句，B项“如果你刚刚开始”符合，是下文的条件，同时也符合主题，即如果你是新跑步者，本文的建议会帮助你增加成功跑步的机会，故选B。17．上文“Oneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine(新跑步者犯的最大错误之一就是跑得太多太快。慢慢地进入训练计划将有助于降低受伤风险，这样您就可以继续新的跑步习惯)”指出刚开始跑步的人会跑得太快，所以要慢慢进入训练，不要跑太多太快，G项“专家建议每周增加跑步距离不超过10%”符合，指出不要跑太多，故选G。18．此处是本段小标题，即新手跑步者常犯的错误之一，根据下文“Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtoruneveryday(ornearlyeveryday)tomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Runningisahigh-impactactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbody.Soit’simportanttogiveyourbodyarestbetweenworkouts.(初学者可能认为他们需要每天（或几乎每天）跑步才能达到健身或减肥目标，但这与事实相差甚远。跑步是一项高影响力的活动，对您的身体来说确实很困难。因此，在锻炼之间让身体休息很重要。)”可知，新手跑步者不休息，A项“没有休息日”符合，故选A。19．根据本段标题“Notwearingtherightequipment(没有佩戴合适的装备)”可知，本段主要介绍了新手跑步者常犯的错误之一是没有佩戴合适的装备，下文“it’simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts.(锻炼时正确穿着很重要)”强调跑步时正确穿着很重要，空处也应与“佩戴合适的装备”有关，F项“虽然你可能确实不需要昂贵的设备来开始跑步”符合，其中“equipment”呼应标题中的“therightequipment”，虽然你可能确实不需要昂贵的设备来开始跑步，但是锻炼时正确穿着很重要，故选F。20．下文“Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain(如果跑步时感到疼痛，则需要停下来治疗疼痛)”指出跑步时如果感到疼痛，应该停下来，这说明有时候跑步会让人感到疼痛，D项“跑步有时会感到不舒服”符合，引起下文，下文介绍了感到疼痛时该如何做，故选D。21．C22．A23．D24．B25．C26．D27．A28．B29．C30．D31．A32．B33．C34．A35．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的车在半路坏了，正巧赶上周日，在加油站并没有找到修车的人。这时恰巧有一位年长的绅士来加油。了解到作者遇到的困难后，他主动帮助作者修了车。作者对此非常的感谢。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的手机也没电了。A.busy忙的；B.loud大声的；C.dead（因无电力）不工作的；D.secure可靠的。根据上文“IwashalfwayacrossIndianaheadedhometoKentuckywhenmycarbrokedown.”以及句中的too可知，作者的车坏了，手机也因为没电而关机了。故选C。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我设法去了一个加油站，但那是初秋的周日，没有机修工值班。A.mechanic机修工；B.policeman警察；C.manager经理；D.guide指导。根据上文“butitwasSundayintheearlyfall”可知，作者的车坏了，所以她应该去找修车的。但是因为是周日，所以加油站的机修工都没上班。故选A。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时我正努力读完大学，几乎没有钱保养这辆车。A.washing清洗；B.parking停车；C.purchasing购买；D.maintaining保养。根据空前“Iwasworkingmywaythroughuniversitythenandhadlittlemoney”可知，作者当时正在在读大学，没有什么钱，所以几乎是不保养车的。故选D。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在车旁坐了几个小时试图避暑，这时一位年长的绅士停下来给他的车加油。A.feel感觉；B.beat击败；C.absorb吸收；D.produce生产。根据下文“workingonahotSeptemberafternoon”可知，事情发生在一个炎热的夏天，作者坐在车边试图保持凉爽。beattheheat“消暑，在炎热的天气中保持凉爽”。故选B。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在车旁坐了几个小时试图避暑，这时一位年长的绅士停下来给他的车加油。A.promised答应了；B.refused拒绝；C.stopped停止；D.volunteered自愿的。根据上文“Imanagedtogettoagasstation”可知，作者是在加油站，所以有一辆车停下来加油。故选C。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他问起我的车，我解释了我的困境。A.solved解决；B.noticed注意到；C.escaped逃脱。D.explained解释。根据上文“Heaskedaboutmycar”可知，这位绅士询问作者的车出了什么问题，然后作者向他解释了他的困境。故选D。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这位先生告诉我，他有一个和我同龄的女儿，然后他打开行李箱，拿出了一套工具。A.surprise惊喜；B.regret遗憾；C.amusement可笑；D.disappointment失望。根据下文“thegentlemantoldmethathehadadaughtermyage,andthenheopenedhistrunkand8atoolset”可知，这位年长的绅士听到作者的困难后，告诉作者他也有一个女儿，而且从车里拿出一套工具。这让作为陌生人的作者感到非常的惊讶。故选A。28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这位先生告诉我，他有一个和我同龄的女儿，然后他打开行李箱，拿出了一套工具。A.calledup打电话给；B.pulledout取出；C.putdown放下；D.threwaway扔掉了。根据空后“atoolset”以及下文“Rightthenandthere,thistotal9examinedmyengine,explainingasheworkedthatmysparkplugs(火花塞)hadn’tbeenchangedforsolongthattheywere10tofunction.”可知，这