北京市朝阳区高二下学期期末英语试题

2023北京朝阳高二(下)期末英语(考试时间100分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenIwasinseventhgrade,Ivolunteeredatalocalhospitalduringthesummer.IspentmostofthetimetherewithMr.Gillespie,___1___tohimandhelpingwithanythingthatneededtobedone.He___2___hadanyvisitors,andnobodyseemedtocareabouthiscondition.Hebecameaclosefriendofmine,eventhoughhe___3___withonlyanoccasionalpressonmyhand.Mr.Gillespiewasinaa(昏迷).ThenIleftforaweektovacationwithmyparentsandwhenIcameback,Mr.Gillespiewasgone.Ididn’thavethenervetoaskthenurseswherehewas,for___4___theymighttellmehehaddied.Severalyearslater,Inoticeda___5___faceatthegasstation.Hewasalive!IwentovertoaskhimifitwasMr.Gillespiewhowasinaafiveyearsago.Withanuncertainlookonhisface,herepliedyes.WhenIexplainedwhoIwas,tears___6___inhiseyes,andhegavemethewarmesthugIhadeverreceived.Mr.Gillespiebegantotellmehowashe___7___thereinaa,hecouldsensemypresence.Hefirmlybelievedthatitwasmy___8___thathadkepthimalive.Webothcriedforawhile,exchangedahug,andwentourseparateways.AlthoughIhaven’tseenhimsince,hefillsmyheartwithjoyeveryday.IknowthatImadea___9___betweenhislifeanddeath.Moreimportantly,hehasalsomadeanenormousinfluenceinmylife.Iwillneverforgethim.He____10____myhelp.1.A.pointing B.waving C.listening D.talking2.A.just B.never C.sometimes D.always3.A.promised B.admitted C.responded D.operated4.A.anger B.fear C.envy D.sorrow5.A.familiar B.serious C.typical D.magic6.A.wentback B.fellover C.driedout D.welledup7.A.lay B.grew C.waited D.tested8.A.smile B.courage C.advice D.voice9.A.connection B.suggestion C.difference D.decision10.A.represents B.deserves C.guarantees D.strengthens【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.B5.A6.D7.A8.D9.C10.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。我在医院当志愿者时给了吉莱斯皮先生无私的关怀，当再次见面时，两人喜极而泣并得知双方都对彼此的人生产生了很大的影响。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在那里的大部分时间都和吉莱斯皮先生在一起，和他交谈，帮助他做任何需要做的事情。A.pointing指向；B.waving挥动；C.listening听；D.talking交谈。根据下文“Hebecameaclosefriendofmine”以及“Mr.Gillespiewasinaa(昏迷).”可知，吉莱斯皮先生处于昏迷状态，而我把他当成亲密朋友，所以我会在他昏迷时跟他说话。故选D。【2题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他从来没有访客，似乎也没有人关心他的病情。A.just仅仅；B.never从不；C.sometimes有时；D.always总是。根据本句“nobodyseemedtocareabouthiscondition”可知，没人关心他的病情，所以他没有访客。故选B。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他成了我的亲密朋友，尽管他只是偶尔按一下我的手回应。A.promised承诺；B.admitted承认；C.responded回应；D.operated操作。根据常识以及下文“Mr.Gillespiewasinaa(昏迷).”可知，他处于昏迷状态，对于我的说话，他只能时按一下我的手回应。故选C。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不敢问护士他在哪里，怕她们会告诉我他已经死了。A.anger愤怒；B.fear担心；C.envy妒忌；D.sorrow悲伤。根据本句“Ididn’thavethenervetoaskthenurseswherehewas”可知，我不敢问护士他在哪里是担心听到他已经死了的坏消息。故选B。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几年后，我在加油站看到了一张熟悉的面孔。A.familiar熟悉的；B.serious严肃的；C.typical典型的；D.magic魔术的。根据下文“IwentovertoaskhimifitwasMr.Gillespiewhowasinaafiveyearsago.”可知，我询问他是不是五年前昏迷的吉莱斯皮先生。所以可推知，我看到了熟悉的面孔。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我向他解释我是谁时，他热泪盈眶，给了我一个我有生以来最温暖的拥抱。A.wentback回去；B.fellover跌倒；C.driedout变干；D.welledup涌出。根据空前主语“tears”以及本句“hegavemethewarmesthug”可知，他知道我是谁后，应是热泪盈眶，给我拥抱。故选D。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：吉莱斯皮先生开始告诉我，当他躺在那里昏迷时，他是如何感觉到我的存在的。A.lay躺着；B.grew成长；C.waited等待；D.tested测验。根据常识以及空后“inaa”可知，昏迷状态只能是躺着。故选A。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他坚信是我的声音让他活了下来。A.smile微笑；B.courage勇气；C.advice建议；D.voice声音。根据前文“spentmostofthetimetherewithMr.Gillespie,1tohim”可知，我和他交谈，所以当他昏迷时，是我的声音让他活了下来。故选D。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道是我对他的生死起了作用。A.connection联系；B.suggestion建议；C.difference不同；D.decision决定。根据前文“Hefirmlybelievedthatitwasmy8thathadkepthimalive.”可知，他坚信是我的声音让他活了下来，所以我知道我在他生和死这件事上起了作用。makeadifference为固定搭配“起作用，有影响”。故选C。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他值得我的帮助。A.represents代表；B.deserves值得；C.guarantees保证；D.strengthens加强；根据前文“hehasalsomadeanenormousinfluenceinmylife”可知，他也对我的人生产生了影响，让我觉得我的帮助是值得的。故选B。第二节选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组并用其正确形式填空。HaveanimpactonreliablesubmitrevealberesponsibleforMakeupone’smindbarrierfigureoutenduppetitive11.Youneedadegreetobe________intoday’sjobmarket.12.Weneedmore________informationbeforewecantakeaction.13.Themountainsactedasanatural________tothespreadofthedisease.14.Themoviewewantedtoseewassoldoutsowe________seeingadifferentone.15.Ifyou________something,itisyourdutytodealwithitandmakedecisionsrelatingtoit.16.Thoseinterestedinthepositionshould________theirapplicationstotheStudentUnion.17.AsurveyoftheBritishdiet________thatagrowingnumberofpeopleareoverweight.18.WehadaveryproductivemeetingbecauseIfeltwe________alotofproblems.19.Technologicalinnovation________thecountry’seconomyquiteconsiderably.20.Summervacationising,butIcan’t________wheretotakemyvacation.【答案】11.petitive12.reliable13.barrier14.endedup15.areresponsiblefor16.submit17.revealed18.hadfiguredout19.hasanimpacton20.makeupmymind【解析】【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：你需要一个学位才能在当今的就业市场上具有竞争力。系动词后跟形容词作表语，petitive意为“有竞争力的”，学位有利于就业，符合基本认知，故填入petitive。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们需要更可靠的信息才能采取行动。此处应使用形容词来修饰名词information，reliable意为“可靠的”，表示可靠的信息有助于行动，故填入reliable。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：山脉是阻止疾病传播的天然屏障。此处的形容词应修饰名词作介词as的宾语，barrier“屏障、障碍”，此处指的是阻碍疾病的传播的天然屏障，故填入barrier。【14题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：我们想看的电影已经卖光了，所以我们最后看了另一部。根据so可知，本句表示结果，endupdoing“最终做了某事”，主句时态为一般过去，从句也应使用一般过去时，故填入endedup。【15题详解】考查系表结构。句意：如果你对某事负有责任，你有责任处理它并做出与之相关的决定。根据duty“责任、义务”关键词可知，此处指的是负责某事，beresponsiblefor“为……负责”；在if条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主语为you，故填入areresponsiblefor。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：对该职位感兴趣的学生应向学生会提交申请。情态动词后跟动词原形，submitanapplication意为“提交申请”，与语义相符，故填入submit。【17题详解】考查动词时态。句意：一项针对英国饮食的调查显示，越来越多的人超重。本句指的是一份调查揭露的信息，reveal意为“揭露”，时间为过去，应使用一般过去时，故填入revealed。【18题详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们开了一次非常有成效的会议，因为我觉得我们解决了很多问题。此处指的是会议上解决了问题，figureout意为“查明。解决”；又根据动词felt可知，时间为过去，解决问题在此之前，应使用过去完成式，故填入hadfiguredout。【19题详解】考查动词时态。句意：技术革新对该国经济产生了相当大的影响。此处指的是技术革新对经济的影响，hasanimpacton意为“对……产生影响”，谈论的是当前的事实，时间为一般现在，主语innovation意为“创新”时为不可数名词，故填入hasanimpacton。【20题详解】考查动词短语。句意：暑假快到了，但我拿不定主意去哪里度假。根据where可知，此处指的是度假地点还没决定，makeupone’smind意为“决心、决定”，主语为I，且情态动词后跟动词原形，故填入makeupmymind。第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1阁恰当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。21.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,___________helpsthemkeepfit.（用适当的单词填空）【答案】which【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她和她的家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词代替它在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。22.Thatnetwork_________(establish)in2022andhasalreadyworkedsmoothly.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】wasestablished【解析】【详解】考查时态及被动语态。句意：该网络成立于2022年，目前运行顺利。根据时间状语in2022可知，陈述过去所发生的事情要使用一般过去时，且主语Thatnetwork“网络”为第三人称单数，与谓语动词establish“建立”之间为被动关系，要使用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was，故填wasestablished。23.Thisis________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.(用适当的词填空)【答案】what【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：这就是我父亲教给我的——总是面对困难，抱着最好的希望。在表语从句中缺少taught的宾语，根据“toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest”可知，此处是指道理，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。24.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotourists_________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】trapped【解析】【详解】考查非谓语。句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。本句已有谓语，空处用非谓语；tourists与trap之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语；根据英文提示，故填trapped。25.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________（range）frombutterfliestoelephants.（用单词适当形式填空）【答案】ranging【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有很多野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象。句中已有谓语动词“has”，所以range要以非谓语动词形式出现。非谓语动词“range”和其逻辑主语“thenationalpark”之间又为主动关系。故填ranging。26.I________(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI'lltrytofinishitattheweekend.(所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】haveread【解析】【分析】【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这本英文小说我读了一半了，我将要努力在周末把它读完。由句意可知，到目前小说读到一半已经完成了，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，因此使用现在完成时，注意主谓一致。故填haveread。27.Unless___________(invite)tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.【答案】invited【解析】【详解】考查分词做状语。句意：如果没有被邀请发言，在会议上你应该保持沉默。本句主语you与动词invite构成被动关系，要用过去分词短语做状语，所以要填invited。28.Theheadmasterhasmade_________clearthatthemeetingwillnotbeputoff.(用适当的词填空)【答案】it【解析】【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：校长已经明确表示会议不会推迟。分析句子可知，that从句是真正的宾语，为宾语从句，此处应用it作形式宾语，故填it。29.Theexperiment_________(conduct)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】wasbeingconducted【解析】【详解】时态及被动语态。句意：实验正在实验室中进行，突然停电了。was/weredoing...when...“正在做某事突然……”，主语theexperiment“实验”为第三人称单数，且与conduct“实施，进行”之间为被动关系，要使用过去进行时的被动语态，故填wasbeingconducted。30._________(see)fromthetopofthehill,thecityappearsmoresplendid.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】Seen【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从山顶上看，这座城市显得更加辉煌。句中有谓语appears，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词see和其逻辑主语thecity是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Seen。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APublicspeakingcanbestressful,butsufficientpreparationcanreducethestressofspeakinginfrontofpeople.Hereareafewstepstohelpyoumakeaneffectivepresentation.PrepareSelectandresearchyourtopiccarefully.Widereadingwillhelpyougatherenoughmaterialandfocusyourresearchatthepreparationstage.Developaroughoutlineofwhatyoumightincludethiscanefromanykeypointsyourlecturehastoldyoutoinclude.Organizeyourresearchintoyouroutline.Keepthetimelimitinmind,andmakeanycutsofunnecessaryorirrelevantinformation.Writeadraftofyourspeech.Itisespeciallyusefulifyouareusingvocabularythatyoumightbefindingdifficulttoremember.Summariseyourwrittenspeechintobriefnotes.Thesewilleventuallybeeyournumberednotecards.Prepareanyvisualthatyouaregoingtousetosupportyourpresentation.Remembervisualaidsshouldbesimpleandeffectiveinsupportingwhateveryouaresaying.PractiseKnowyourstuffconfidenceeswithknowledgeofcontentIfyouknowwhatyouaretalkingabout,thenyouwon’tfeelnervousaboutwhatyouaregoingtosay.Practicepresentingyourspeechinfrontofamirror,andifyouhaveenoughcourage,askyourtrustedfriendstowatchyou.Themoreyoupractice,themoreconfidentyouwillbe.Askforconstructiveadvice.Askyourfriendsforadviceaboutyourgestures,speedofdelivery,andeventheclarityofyourmessage.PresentGettothepresentationearlyandmeetyouraudienceastheywalkin.Thismightbeagoodwaytocalmyournerves,asyouknowwhoareintheroom.Practicestandingatthefronttogetyourfeelfortheroomandspacebeforeyoubegin.Also,makesureanytechnologythatyouareusinginthepresentationisworking.Relaxifyouarefullyprepared,youwillmakeit!31.Whatcanbeincludedintheoutlineofyourspeech?A.Thereasonyouchoosethetopic.B.Thekeypointsrequiredtotalkabout.C.Thewordsyoufindhardtoremember.D.Thelistofmaterialyoureadonthetopic.32.Howcanyoureducenervousnessinapresentation?A.Knowyourspeechcontentwell.B.Arriveatthepresentationontime.C.TakealltheadvicefromyourfriendsD.Usenotechnologyincaseitgoeswrong.33.Tomakeaneffectivespeech,youneedto__________.A.writedowneverydetailonthenumberednotecardsB.presentasmuchinformationaspossibletoconveyyourideasC.readextensivelytocollectsufficientmaterialrelatedtoyourtopicD.usevividandplexvisualaidstodrawtheattentionofaudience【答案】31.B32.A33.C【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了几个可以帮助你做一个有效演讲的步骤。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Developaroughoutlineofwhatyoumightincludethiscanefromanykeypointsyourlecturehastoldyoutoinclude.(对你可能包括的内容做一个粗略的概述——这可以是你的演讲告诉你要包括的任何关键点。)”可知，演讲大纲中可以包括需要谈论的要点。故选B。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据Practise部分下的第一段“Knowyourstuffconfidenceeswithknowledgeofcontent.Ifyouknowwhatyouaretalkingabout,thenyouwon’tfeelnervousaboutwhatyouaregoingtosay.(了解你的东西——自信伴随着对内容的了解。如果你知道你在说什么，那么你就不会对你将要说的感到紧张。)”可知，熟悉演讲内容可以减少演讲中的紧张情绪，故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Widereadingwillhelpyougatherenoughmaterialandfocusyourresearchatthepreparationstage.(广泛的阅读将帮助你收集足够的材料，并在准备阶段集中你的研究。)”可知，为了做一个有效的演讲，你需要广泛地阅读来收集与你的主题相关的足够的材料，故选C。BMywifeHannahandIusuallydon’tkeephouseplants.Anythinginpotsgetseitheroverwateredorunderwatered.Aftermydiagnosis(诊断)withabraincancer,Ilovedtohavesomethinggreenandalivearoundus.AndthenIgotaluckybambooplantinapotfrommyfriendMitch.ItoldHannahIwantedtocarefortheplantmyself.Asaphysician,Iwasusedtoprovidingcare.Sincemydiagnosis,Ihadtorelyonhelpfromotherpeople,leavingmefeelingaimlessandupset.WateringtheplanttaughtmeIcouldstillbeacaregiver.Overthenextfewmonths,Irecoveredfromsurgeryandpletedthefirstroundoftreatment.BoththebambooandIwerethriving(繁荣).Then,mysteriously,itbegantoshowsignsofstress.NomatterwhatIdid,theleaveskeptdroppingtothefloor,makingmediscouragedanduneasy.“Ican’tevencareforsimpleplant!”Iyelled.“I’mfailing!”Hannahremindedmethatwe’dseenhouseplantsdiebefore.SheaskedmewhyIwasgettingsoworkedupaboutthisparticularone.“Ifmyluckybamboodies,”Icriedout,“Imightdietoo!”Identifyingwiththeplanthadofferedmefort.Nowthattheplantwasstruggling,Ifeltincreasinglyfearful.Suddenly,oneday,IrealizedIhadwronglyconnectedmycarefortheplant—somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol—withmyownsurvival—somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.Whenmycancerreturned,itwouldnotbebecauseofanyfailureonmypart—notbecauseIatesugaroccasionallyandcertainlynotbecauseIfailedtokeepthisplantalive.Asmyanxietylessened,Ilearnedfromonlinetipstocareformydyingplant.Imovedthebambootoalargerpot,separatingitsrootstogiveitroomtogrow.Whenitwasbackinthesunnywindow,webothbegantothriveagain.34.Whatmadetheauthorchangehisattitudetowardkeepinghouseplants?A.Herecoveredfromsurgery. B.Hegotaluckybambooplant.C.Hewasdiagnosedwithacancer. D.Helearnedhowtowateraplant.35.Whatwasthemaincausefortheauthor’sanxiety?A.Hisstrugglewithcancer.B.Hisdecisiontocarefortheplant.C.Hisinabilitytolookafterhimself.D.Hisbeliefinlinkinghissurvivaltotheplant’s.36.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Everythingestothosewhowait.B.Positivethinkingisacureofanxiety.C.Trustyourselfthatyoucandoitandgetit.D.Youcarrythepassporttoyourownsuccess.【答案】34.C35.D36.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者患癌之后养了一盆竹子，护理这盆竹子让作者慢慢找到了自己的意义，但由于作者将竹子与自己的生存联系在一起，竹子的不良反应让作者非常气馁不安，后来作者意识到了这一点，坦然接受了自己患癌这件无法控制的事情，也把这棵濒死的植物救了回来。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“MywifeHannahandIusuallydon’tkeephouseplants.(我和妻子Hannah通常不养室内植物。)”，“Aftermydiagnosis(诊断)withabraincancer,Ilovedtohavesomethinggreenandalivearoundus.(在我被诊断出患有脑癌后，我喜欢在我们周围有一些绿色和有生命的东西。)”可知，作者被确诊患有脑癌后，他开始喜欢养室内植物了。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“‘Ifmyluckybamboodies,’Icriedout,‘Imightdietoo!’(‘如果我的幸运竹子死了，’我喊道，‘我可能也会死！’)”，第七段“Identifyingwiththeplanthadofferedmefort.Nowthattheplantwasstruggling,Ifeltincreasinglyfearful.(认同这株植物给了我安慰。现在这株植物正在挣扎，我感到越来越害怕。)”和第八段中的“Suddenly,oneday,IrealizedIhadwronglyconnectedmycarefortheplant—somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol—withmyownsurvival—somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.(突然，有一天，我意识到我错误地将我对植物的照顾——我至少可以控制的事情——与我自己的生存——我无法控制的事情联系在一起。)”可知，作者感觉竹子死了的话自己也会死，所以看到这棵竹子在垂死挣扎，自己也非常害怕，后来他才意识到自己将照顾竹子和自己的生存联系在一起，前者是可以控制的事情，而后者是不可控制的事情。由此可推测出，作者内心焦虑是因为他将自己的生存与竹子的命运联系在一起。故选D。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第八段中的“Suddenly,oneday,IrealizedIhadwronglyconnectedmycarefortheplant—somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol—withmyownsurvival—somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.(突然，有一天，我意识到我错误地将我对植物的照顾——我至少可以控制的事情——与我自己的生存——我无法控制的事情联系在一起。)”并结合全文内容可知，作者患癌之后养了一盆竹子，对它悉心照料，不知不觉中将竹子与自己的存活联系在了一起，竹子的不良反应让作者非常焦虑，后来作者意识到了这一点，明白了自己癌症复发并不是自己的问题，也不是竹子造成的影响。再根据最后一段中的“Asmyanxietylessened,Ilearnedfromonlinetipstocareformydyingplant.(随着我的焦虑减轻，我从网上学到了照顾濒临死亡的植物的技巧。)”可知，作者明白了这些道理后焦虑减轻了。由此可推测出，作者在思想上由消极到积极的转变让作者减轻了焦虑，积极的思想是治疗焦虑的良药。故选B。CGrowingup,ChelseaWooddreamedofbeingaseabiologistandstudyinglarge,excitinganimalslikesharks.Instead,shelaterfoundherselflookingthroughamicroscopeattheorgansofasnail(蜗牛)andsawthousandsoflittlewhitesausageshapedparasites(寄生虫).Throughthemicroscope,eachparasitehadtwodarkeyespots,whichmadethemsurprisinglyattractive.“Icouldn’tbelievethatI’dbeenlookingatsnailsforaslongasIhadandmissingallthecoolstuffhappeninginsidethem,”saysWood,nowaparasitologistatUniversityofWashington.NearlyhalfofallknownanimalsonEarthareparasites.Accordingtoonestudy,atenthofthemmayalreadybecertaintoextinctionduetoclimatechange,lossoftheirhosts,andintentionalattemptsofwipingthemout.Butnowitseemsthatfewpeoplecare.Bydefinition,parasitesliveinoronahostandtakesomethingfromthathost.Butnotallparasitescauseharm,andonlyasmallpercentageaffecttheirhosts.Infact,parasitesplayessentialrolesinecosystems,keepingsomepopulationsincheckwhilehelpingtofeedothers.Withoutparasiteskeepingthemincheck,populationsofsomeanimalswouldexplode.Manyparasitesmoveintotheirnexthostbycontrollingthehostthey’rein,whichdrivethathostintoananimal’smouthsothattheanimalcanbefed.Evenhumanhealthwouldn’tentirelybenefitfromwipingoutparasites.Thehumanimmunesystem(免疫系统)evolvedwithagroupofparasites,andwhenwekilledthemoff,ourimmunesystemsbeganattackingourselves.SomepeoplewithCrohn’sdiseasehaveevenpurposelyinfectedthemselveswithintestinal(肠道的)parasiteslivedeservesourattention.Ifyougettounderstandthem,youmayfindthebraveryandattractionofparasites.They’veevolvedclevermeansofsurvival,frombeingafish’stonguetocontrollingthemindofcockroach(蟑螂).However,scientistsaren’teagertosavealltheparasites.Theguineaworm,forinstance,getsahardpassfromeventhemoststubbornconservationists.Itgrowstoadulthoodinsideaperson’sleg,causingharmtoone’shealth.Ultimately,thegoalofpromotingparasiteconservationisn’ttomakeeveryonefallinlovewiththem.Instead,it’stocallarelaxationinourwaragainstallofthem,becausethere’sstillsomuchwedon’tunderstandabouttheirvaluetoecosystemsandmaybeeventopeople.37.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebyreferringtoChelseaWood’sstory?A.Allparasitologistsinitiallyintendedtostudyparasites.B.Parasitesareeasilyignoredparedwithlargeanimals.C.Animalslikesharkshavemoreresearchvaluethanparasites.D.Scientistsstudyparasitesbecauseoftheirattractiveappearance.38.Theauthorusestheexampleunderlinedinparagraph4to__________.A.introduceanapproach B.drawaparisonC.presentanassumption D.illustrateanargument39.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Parasitescansmartlysurvivewithouttheirhosts.B.Conservationistsbelieveallparasitesshouldbeprotected.C.Someparasitesareimportantforthebalanceofourecosystem.D.Parasitescanchangetheirhostsbydirectlymovingontootheranimals.40.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhyareparasitesDyingOut?B.WhyShouldWeSpareParasites?C.HowDoParasitesAffectEcosystems?D.HowCanWeCreateaWorldWithoutParasites?【答案】37.B38.D39.C40.B【解析】【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了并非所有的寄生虫都会造成危害，事实上寄生虫在生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用，所以我们不应该消灭所有寄生虫。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Growingup,ChelseaWooddreamedofbeingaseabiologistandstudyinglarge,excitinganimalslikesharks.Instead,shelaterfoundherselflookingthroughamicroscopeattheorgansofasnail(蜗牛)andsawthousandsoflittlewhitesausageshapedparasites(寄生虫).Throughthemicroscope,eachparasitehadtwodarkeyespots,whichmadethemsurprisinglyattractive.(从小到大，切尔西·伍德一直梦想成为一名海洋生物学家，研究像鲨鱼这样令人兴奋的大型动物。后来，她发现自己通过显微镜观察蜗牛的器官，看到了成千上万的白色香肠形状的小寄生虫。通过显微镜观察，每种寄生虫都有两个黑色的眼斑，这使得它们惊人地吸引人)”可知，ChelseaWood一直梦想成为一名海洋生物学家，研究像鲨鱼这样令人兴奋的大型动物，一次观察蜗牛器官时，她看到了成千上万的小寄生虫，自从开始研究寄生虫，由此可推知，作者引用切尔西·伍德的故事来表明与大型动物相比，寄生虫很容易被忽略。故选B。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Evenhumanhealthwouldn’tentirelybenefitfromwipingoutparasites.Thehumanimmunesystem(免疫系统)evolvedwithagroupofparasites,andwhenwekilledthemoff,ourimmunesystemsbeganattackingourselves.SomepeoplewithCrohn’sdiseasehaveevenpurposelyinfectedthemselveswithintestinal(肠道的)parasiteslivedeservesourattention.(即使是人类的健康也不能完全从消灭寄生虫中获益。人类的免疫系统是由一群寄生虫进化而来的，当我们杀死它们时，我们的免疫系统开始攻击我们自己。一些患有克罗恩病的人甚至故意感染了肠道寄生虫，这值得我们关注)”可推知，作者在第四段使用患有克罗恩病的人甚至故意感染了肠道寄生虫这个例子来说明我们不能完全杀死寄生虫，否则会对身体有害这一观点，故选D。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Infact,parasitesplayessentialrolesinecosystems,keepingsomepopulationsincheckwhilehelpingtofeedothers.Withoutparasiteskeepingthemincheck,populationsofsomeanimalswouldexplode.(事实上，寄生虫在生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用，它们控制着一些种群，同时帮助喂养其他种群)”可推知，有些寄生虫对我们生态系统的平衡很重要。故选C。【40题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“Butnotallparasitescauseharm,andonlyasmallpercentageaffecttheirhosts.Infact,parasitesplayessentialrolesinecosystems,keepingsomepopulationsincheckwhilehelpingtofeedothers.Withoutparasiteskeepingthemincheck,populationsofsomeanimalswouldexplode.(但并非所有的寄生虫都会造成危害，只有一小部分会影响寄主。事实上，寄生虫在生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用，它们控制着一些种群，同时帮助喂养其他种群。如果没有寄生虫来控制它们，一些动物的数量就会爆炸)”，第四段中“Thehumanimmunesystem(免疫系统)evolvedwithagroupofparasites,andwhenwekilledthemoff,ourimmunesystemsbeganattackingourselves.(人类的免疫系统是由一群寄生虫进化而来的，当我们杀死它们时，我们的免疫系统开始攻击我们自己)”和最后一段中“Ultimately,thegoalofpromotingparasiteconservationisn’ttomakeeveryonefallinlovewiththem.Instead,it’stocallarelaxationinourwaragainstallofthem,becausethere’sstillsomuchwedon’tunderstandabouttheirvaluetoecosystemsandmaybeeventopeople.(最终，促进寄生虫保护的目标并不是让每个人都爱上它们。相反，这是在呼吁放松我们对所有这些生物的战争，因为我们仍然有太多不了解它们对生态系统，甚至对人类的价值)”可知，文章主要介绍了并非所有的寄生虫都会造成危害，事实上寄生虫在生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用，因此我们不应该消灭所有寄生虫。B项“我们为什么应该饶恕寄生虫？”适合做文章标题，故选B。DTheartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPThasshakeneducatorssinceitsNovemberrelease.NewYorkCitypublicschoolshavebanneditfromtheirnetworksandschooldevices.Thereis,perhapssurprisingly,onesubjectareathatdoesn’tseemthreatened,ItturnsoutChatGPTisquitebadatmaths.“I’mnothearingmathsinstructorsexpressconcernaboutChatGPT,”saidPaulvonHippel,aprofessorattheUniversityofTexaswhostudiesdatascienceandstatistics.“I’mnotsureit’susefulformathsatall,whichfeelsstrangebecausemathswasthefirstusecasefortheartificialintelligencedevices.”ChatGPT’sstrugglewithmathsisinherentinthistypeofAI,knownasalargelanguagemodel.Itscansalargeamountoftextfromacrossthewebanddevelopsamodelthatmightbeextremelyeffectiveforwritinggrammaticallycorrectresponsestoessayrequirement,butnotforsolvingamathsproblem.Inanemail,IaskedDebarghyaDas,asearchengineengineer,whyChatGPTgetssomesimplequestionsrightbutotherspletelywrong.“Maybetherightanalogy(类比)isifyouaskaroomofpeople,whohavenoideawhatmathsisbuthavereadmanyhieroglyphics(象形文字),‘Whatesafter2+2,’theymightsay,‘Usually,weseea4,’That’swhatChatGPTisdoing.”But,headds,“Mathsisn’tjustaseriesofhieroglyphics.It’stheprocessofcalculating.”Itisn’tgreatforpretendingyouknowitthroughamathsclassbecauseyouonlyrecognizethemistakesifyouknowthemaths.Anotherreasonthatmathsinstructorsarelessanxiousaboutthisinnovationisthattheyhavebeenherebefore.Thefieldwasupendedforthefirsttimedecadesagowiththegeneralavailabilityofputersandcalculators.“Mathshashadthebiggestrevolutionbasedonmachineryofanymainstreamsubject,”saidConradWolfram,thestrategicdirectorofWolframResearch.“Intherealworld,sinceputerscamealong,havemaths,scienceandengineeringgottenconceptuallysimpler?No,pletelytheopposite.We’reaskingharderandharderquestions,goingupalevel.”Eventually,AIwillprobablygettothepointwhereitsmathsanswersarenotonlyconfidentbutcorrect.Apurelargelanguagemodelmightnotbeupforthejob,butthetechnologywillimprove.Ingeneral,however,AI,likeputers,willlikelyultimatelybemostusefulforthosewhoalreadyknowafieldwell.Theyknowthequestionstoask,howtoidentifytheshortingsandwhattodowiththeanswer.Atool,inotherwords,isforthosewhoknowthemostmaths,nottheleast.41.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inherent”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Stable. B.Practical. C.Limited. D.Natural.42WhatcanweknowfromDebarghya’sreply?A.Calculatingrequiressomeknowledgeofhieroglyphics.B.ChatGPTisgoodatsolvingmathematicalquestionsbyanalogy.C.ReadinghieroglyphicspreventsChatGPTsolvingmathsquestions.D.ChatGPT’sresponseisbasedonlanguagemodelsinsteadofcalculations.43.Whatcanbeinferredfrommathsinstructors’calmnessaboutChatGPT?A.ChatGPTisusefultoidentifymathsmistakes.B.Technicalrevolutionmademathseasiertounderstand.C.Newtechnologywillenduppushingtheboundariesofmaths.D.ChatGPThasbeenbannedfromnetworksandschooldevices.44.AsforAI,whichwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Itwillplaythelargestroleforprofessionalsinafield.B.Itwillbeeconfidenttosolveallthemathsproblems.C.Itwillturnthemathsfieldoveragainjustlikeputers.D.Itwilltakethejobsfromhumansasthetechnologyimproves.【答案】41.D42.D43.C44.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。人工智能机器人ChatGPT震撼了教育界，但数学领域却没有受到威胁，并解释了原因。【41题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段首句“ChatGPT’sstrugglewithmathsisinherentinthistypeofAI,knownasalargelanguagemodel.(这种作为大型语言模型而著名的人工智能，ChatGPT在数学上的挣扎是。)”和“butnotforsolvingamathsproblem(但不能解决数学问题)”可知，ChatGPT是属于大型语言模型的人工智能，是语言类的，不能解决数学问题，所以它在数学上的挣扎是自然的，与生俱来的。故划线词应为“自然的，与生俱来的”词义。故选D。

【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中““Maybetherightanalogy(类比)isifyouaskaroomofpeople,whohavenoideawhatmathsisbuthavereadmanyhieroglyphics(象形文字),‘Whatesafter2+2,’theymightsay,‘Usually,weseea4,’That’swhatChatGPTisdoing.”But,headds,“Mathsisn’tjustaseriesofhieroglyphics.It’stheprocessofcalculating.”(“也许正确的类比是，如果你问一屋子不知道数学是什么，但读过很多象形文字的人，‘2+2等于什么’，他们可能会说，‘通常我们看到的是4’，这就是ChatGPT正在做的事情。”但是，他补充道：“数学不仅仅是一系列象形文字。这是计算的过程。”)”可知，工程师Debarghya将ChatGPT的原理通过将其类比成不懂数学、懂象形文字的人来解数学题进行说明，可得出ChatGPT的回应是基于语言模式而不是计算过程。故选D。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“Anotherreasonthatmathsinstructorsarelessanxiousaboutthisinnovationisthattheyhavebeenherebefore.Thefieldwasupendedforthefirsttimedecadesagowiththegeneralavailabilityofputersandcalculators.(数学教师对这种创新不那么焦虑的另一个原因是，他们以前也遇到过这种情况。几十年前，随着计算机和