大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷61（共190题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷61（共9套）（共190题）大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、仔细阅读(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Movingfarmorequicklythanmanyhadthoughtlikelyorpossible,lawmakersinthe10-memberHouse-Senatecommitteeannouncedtheagreementafterlessthan24hoursofnegotiations.SenateMajorityLeaderHarryReid:"Likeanynegotiation,thisinvolvedgiveandtake,andifyoudon'tmindmysayingsothatisanunderstatement."Theagreementdropsthetotalto$789billion,whilebothSenateandHouse-passedmeasuresexceeded$800billion.Acombinationoflowandmiddleincometaxcuts,makingupabout35percentofthebill,anddomesticspending,itssupporterssayitmeetsPresidentBarackObama'sgoalofcreatingorsavingasmanyas4millionjobs.SusanCollinsofMainewasamongonly3moderateSenateRepublicanswhojoinedtheDemocraticmajoritythere.Shesaysmoneytrimmedfromthebillreflectsanefforttofocusitmoresharplytohelptheeconomy."Itisafiscally-responsiblenumberthatreflectsoureffortstotrulyfocusthisbillonprograms,andpoliciesandtaxreliefthatwillhelpturnoureconomyaround,createjobsandproviderelieftothefamiliesofourcountry,"shesaid.Collinsalsopointedouttheagreementincreasesspendingoninfrastructureprojects,morethan$150billionintheproposedmeasure.Republicanopponentskeptuptheircriticisms,primarilythatthemeasurecontainsuntargetedspendingandnottherightleveloftaxrelief.HouseRepublicanleaderJohnBoehnervoiceddisappointmentwiththeagreement,repeatinghisassertionthatthemeasurewillnotcreatejobsquicklyenough."ItappearsthattheyhavemadeabadbillworsebyreducingtheamountoftaxreliefforAmericanfamiliesandsmallbusinesses,andaddingmorewastefulWashingtonspending,"hesaid.ButSenatorArlenSpecter,anothermoderateRepublicanwhoworkedwithDemocrats,saidactionwasrequired."Thisisobviouslyaverydifficultvoteinviewofthelargedeficitandnationaldebtwhichwehave,butIbelieveitisindispensable,thatstrongactionbetaken,"hesaid.WhiteHouseaides,includingChiefofStaffRahmEmanuel,joinedinthenegotiationsonCapitolHill.Lawmakersbehindtheagreementhopeafinalconferencereportwillbereadyinthenext2daysthattheHouseandSenatewillvoteon.ApprovalwouldsendthelegislationtoPresidentObamaforsignature.AneventualSenatevoteisexpectedtomirrorearlierresultsinwhichmajorityDemocrats,withhelpfromthe3Republicans,achievedthe60votesneededtoovercomeanyproceduralblock.ItremainstobeseenhowavotewillturnoutintheHouse,wherenoRepublicanssupportedaHouse-passedmeasure,butwhereDemocratsholdastrongenoughmajoritytopassmeasureseasily.HouseRepublicanleadersdeclinedtopredictWednesdayhowmanyintheirpartymightsupportfinallegislation.1、"Theagreement"(Line2,Para.1)ismostprobablyabillabout______.A、stimulusfortheeconomyB、reformofthelegalsystemC、fundingfortheeducationalsystemD、expenditureonthenationaldefence标准答案：A知识点解析：本文多处提及与“经济”有关的词，如第2段中的incometaxcuts，domesticspending，第3段的helptheeconomy，turnoureconomyaround，createjobs等，从这些词语可推断本文开头提到的agreement应该与经济政策有关，因此选A。2、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHarryReidisTRUE?A、HecomesfromtheRepublicParty.B、HecomesfromtheDemocraticParty.C、Heisoptimisticaboutthefutureeconomy.D、Heispessimisticaboutthefutureeconomy.标准答案：B知识点解析：第1段末句提到HarryReid是参议院多数党领袖，而从第3段首句中的theDemocraticmajority可知参议院的多数派是民主党，由此可见B正确。C和D没有原文依据。3、SusanCollinsacceptedtheagreementwith______.A、mildreservationsB、reluctantcompromiseC、firmconfidenceD、reasonableskepticism标准答案：C知识点解析：第3段讲到，SusanCollins相信实施这个计划后，美国的经济会回暖，会创造更多的就业机会，减轻大部分家庭的经济压力。由此可推断C正确。A、B、D三个选项都表示对经济刺激计划持一定程度的怀疑，这与原文内容不符。故排除。4、ArlenSpectermostprobablythoughtthat______.A、somesenatorswouldbecomeundeterminedintheprocessofvotingB、theeconomicproblemsshouldbesolvedimmediatelyC、deficitandnationaldebtshouldn’thavebeenneglectedD、themeasuresintheagreementwouldnotbeaseffectiveasexpected标准答案：B知识点解析：第5段提到了ArlenSpecter认为“必须采取行动”，再结合上下文可知他认为必须立刻采取行动解决经济问题，因此选B。Specter虽提及averydifficultvote，但原文并没有指出这是因为参议院在投票时犹豫不决，因此A不正确；文中虽出现了deficit和nationaldebt这些字眼，但Specter没提及不能忽视这些，故排除C；D文中没有提及。5、ItcanbeinferredabouttheHousefromthepassagethat______.A、itisledbyaRepublicanleaderB、mostRepublicansaremoderateC、measuresproposedbytheRepublicansareseldompassedD、measurescanbepassedwithouttheRepublicans’support标准答案：D知识点解析：最后一段第2句讲到，众议院的投票结果如何还不明朗，众议院里没有共和党人支持众议院通过的经济刺激方案，在众议院中，民主党人占的席位足够多，足以轻易通过法案，D为本题答案。AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica,andoneofthemoreprominentofthemistheseniorcitizendiscount.Anyonewhohasreachedacertainage—insomecasesaslowas55—isautomaticallyentitledtoadazzlingarrayofpricereductionsatnearlyeverylevelofcommerciallife.Eligibilityisdeterminednotbyone'sneedbutbythedateonone'sbirthcertificate.Practicallyunheardofagenerationago,thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusinesses—ascommonascolortelevisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairliners.Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingforthem;yet,millionsofAmericansaboveage60arehealthyandsolvent(有支付能力的).Businessesthatwouldneverdareofferdiscountstocollegestudentsoranyoneunder30freelyofferthemtoolderAmericans.Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat"elderly"and"needy"aresynonymous(同义的).Perhapsthatoncewastrue,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavealowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.Tobesure,thereiseconomicdiversitywithintheelderly,andmanyolderAmericansarepoor.Butmostofthemaren't.Itisimpossibletodeterminetheimpactofthediscountsonindividualcompanies.Formanyfirms,theyareastimulustorevenue.Butinothercasesthediscountsaregivenattheexpense,directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.Moreover,theyareadirectirritantinwhatsomepoliticiansandscholarsseeasacomingconflictbetweenthegenerations.GenerationaltensionsarebeingfueledbycontinuingdebateoverSocialSecuritybenefits,whichmostlyinvolvesatransferofresourcesfromtheyoungtotheold.Employmentisanothersorepoint.Buoyed(支持)bylawsandcourtdecisions,moreandmoreolderAmericansaredecliningtheretirementdinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob—therebylesseningemploymentandpromotionopportunitiesforyoungerworkers.Farfromakindofcharitytheyoncewere,seniorcitizendiscountshavebecomeaformidableeconomicprivilegetoagroupwithmillionsofmemberswhodon'tneedthem.Itnolongermakessensetotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoseeconomicneedsdeservepriorityoverthoseofothers.Seniorcitizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeoplecan'ttakecareofthemselvesandneedspecialtreatment;andtheythreatenthecreationofanewmyth,thattheelderlyareungratefulandtakingforthemselvesattheexpenseofchildrenandotheragegroups.SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheessenceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefightingagainst—discriminationbyage.6、Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat______.A、offeringseniorcitizensdiscountshasbecomeroutinecommercialpracticeB、seniorcitizendiscountshaveenabledmanyoldpeopletoliveadecentlifeC、givingseniorcitizensdiscountshasboostedthemarketfortheelderlyD、seniorcitizenshavetoshowtheirbirthcertificatestogetadiscount标准答案：A知识点解析：第1段首句讲到，美国的年龄特权较为突出的表现就是老年人可以享受折扣。末句又说老年人享有折扣成为许多商家的常规，A为本题答案。该段第3句谈及享有折扣的资格是根据出生证上的日期而定，并未说享受折扣时要出示出生证，D错误。B中的liveadecentlife和C中的haveboostedthemarket无原文依据。7、Whatassumptionliesbehindthepracticeofseniorcitizendiscounts?A、Businesses,havingmadealotofprofits,shoulddosomethingforsocietyinreturn.B、Oldpeopleareentitledtospecialtreatmentforthecontributiontheymadetosociety.C、Theelderly,beingfinanciallyunderprivileged,needhumanehelpfromsociety.D、SeniorcitizendiscountscanmakeupfortheinadequacyoftheSocialSecuritysystem.标准答案：C知识点解析：第2段第3句讲到，这个做法之所以被接受是因为人们普遍认为“年老的”和“贫穷的”是同义的，也就是说因为老年人在经济方面处于弱势地位，需要社会的帮助，由此得出答案为C。8、Accordingtosomepoliticiansandscholars,seniorcitizendiscountswill______.A、makeoldpeopleevenmoredependentonsocietyB、intensifyconflictsbetweentheyoungandtheoldC、haveadversefinancialimpactonbusinesscompaniesD、bringamarkedincreaseinthecompanies’revenues标准答案：B知识点解析：第3段末句讲到，和某些政客和学者所阐述的那样，老年人的折扣特权引起了代与代之间的冲突，即会让老年人和年轻人之间的关系变得紧张，B为本题答案。9、HowdoestheauthorviewtheSocialSecuritysystem?A、Itencourageselderlypeopletoretireintime.B、Itopensupbroadcareerprospectsforyoungpeople.C、Itbenefitstheoldattheexpenseoftheyoung.D、Itshouldbereinforcedbylawsandcourtdecisions.标准答案：C知识点解析：第4段讲到，关于社会保障救济金的辩论更加激化了代与代之间的紧张关系，这种社会保障救济主要是把年轻人的资源转给老年人，而老年人拒绝退休则减少了一些年轻人就业和升职的机会。可见，作者认为这种保障体系是以牺牲年轻人为代价而让老年人受益，C为本题答案。10、Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’smainargument?A、Seniorcitizensshouldfighthardagainstagediscrimination.B、Theelderlyareselfishandtakingseniordiscountsforgranted.C、Priorityshouldbegiventotheeconomicneedsofseniorcitizens.D、Seniorcitizendiscountsmaywellbeatypeofagediscrimination.标准答案：D知识点解析：全文围绕“美国老年人享有折扣”展开了论述，谈及此政策所引起的代际冲突，最后表明作者的立场：认为老年人需要更多优先权的观念已不合时宜，老年人享有折扣本质上是年龄歧视。D为本题答案。Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalled"footwearforyuppies(雅皮士，少壮高薪职业人士)"'.TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren'sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobics(健身操)orrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.Still,despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarket(高档消费人群的)retailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto$1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany'sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReeboksexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent,ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcraze,replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored,softleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.11、OnereasonwhyReebok’smanagerialpersonneldon’tliketheirshoestobecalled"footwearforyuppies"isthat______.A、theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroupsB、newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoesC、yuppiesusuallyevokesanegativeimageD、thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices标准答案：A知识点解析：第1段提到“他们认为锐步鞋对各种各样的消费市场都有吸引力，尤其是现在，公司生产出了篮球鞋和适合18岁以下青少年穿的鞋子以及对健身操或跑步不感兴趣的老年人所穿的散步鞋”，故选A；B并不是直接原因，不是最佳选择；C和D均与文意相悖。12、Reebok’sviewthat"consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution"(Line5,Para.2)impliesthat______.A、thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingitB、thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributorsC、thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellitD、consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores标准答案：D知识点解析：第2段提到“锐步鞋的售价从27到85美元不等，将继续只会在高档次的专卖店、体育用品商店和百货公司出售，因为这种做法符合公司的观点，即消费者根据分销商的档次来判断品牌的质量”，D与此观点相符。文中的quality并不指服务质量，可排除A；B倒置因果关系；C与文中观点相悖。13、Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause______.A、itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemandB、toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofitsC、thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarketD、itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts标准答案：A知识点解析：第3段前两句提到“在过去几年中，马萨诸塞州分公司限制其分销商及其商店中鞋子的数量，部分原因是他们必须这样做。有时对锐步鞋的需求超过其供应，公司难以满足现有分销商的订单”，A正确；其余三项均与文意相悖。14、AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it______.A、doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetworkB、stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostoresC、isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproductsD、stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts标准答案：C知识点解析：第3段倒数第2句提到“供不应求的问题似乎已得到控制，但公司仍然严格挑选分销商”，C与文中观点一致，为正确选项。15、WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike’sdistributionproblems?A、Acompanyshouldnotsellitshighqualityshoesindiscountstores.B、Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.C、Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.D、Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthemarket.标准答案：D知识点解析：最后一段提到“通过产品多样化和详细的市场调查，锐步希望避免耐克几年前所遇到的分销问题。当时耐克公司错误地判断了健身操鞋的销售热，最后不得不通过折扣商店售出其数量庞大的存货”，由此可知D正确。Carmakershavelongusedsextoselltheirproducts.Recently,however,bothBMWandRenaulthavebasedtheirlatestEuropeanmarketingcampaignsaroundtheiconofmodernbiology.BMWscampaign,whichlaunchesitsnew3-seriessportssalooninBritainandIreland,showsthenewcreationandfourofitsearlierversionszigzaggingaroundalandscapemadeupofgiantDNAsequences,withabriefexplanationthatDNAisthemoleculeresponsiblefortheinheritanceofsuchfeaturesasstrength,powerandintelligence.TheRenaultoffering,whichpromotesitsexistingLagunamodel,employsevolutionarytheoryevenmoreexplicitly.Thecompany'stelevisioncommercialsintersperse(点缀)clipsofthecarwithscenesfromalecturebySteveJones,aprofessorofgeneticsatUniversityCollegeLondon.BMW'scampaignisintendedtoconveytheideaofdevelopmentalliedtoheritage.Thelatestproduct,inotherwords,shouldbeviewedasthenewandimprovedscion(后代)ofalonglineofgoodcars.Renault'smessageismoresubtle.Itisthatevolutionworksbygradualimprovementsratherthansuddenleapsandinthis,Renaultisaligningitselfwith(与……保持一致)biologicalorthodoxy.So,althoughthenewcarintheadvertisementmaylookliketheoldone,theexternalformconcealsanumberofsignificantchangestotheengine.Whilethesealterationsarealmostinvisibletotheaveragedriver,Renaulthopestheywillimprovethecar'sperformance,andultimatelyitssurvivalinthemarketplace.Whethertheyactuallydosowilldepend,inpart,onwhethermarketershavereadthepublicmoodcorrectly.For,evenifgeneticsreallydoesofferausefulmetaphorforautomobiles,employingitinadvertisingisnotwithoutitsdangers.ThatisbecauseDNA'spublicimageisambiguous.Inonecontext,peoplemayseeitasthecornerstoneofmodernmedicalprogress.Inanother,itwillbringtomindsuchcontroversialissuesasabortion,geneticallymodifiedfood-stuffs,andthesinistersubjectofeugenics(优生学).Carmakersareprobablystandingonsafergroundthanbiologists.Buteventheycanmakemistakes.Thoughitwouldnotbeobvioustothecasualobserver,someoftheDNAwhichfeaturesinBMWsadsforitsnice,newcaroncebelongedtoawoollymammoth—abeastthathasbeenextinctfor10,000years.Not,presumably,quitethemessagethatthemarketingdepartmentwastryingtoconvey.16、BothBMWandRenaultusetheiconofmodernbiologyinmarketinginordertointroducecars______.A、thatareproducedwithadvancedtechnologiesB、thataremanufacturedonDNAtechnologyC、thatareimprovedonthebasisoftheoldonesD、thathavenothingtodowiththepreciousmodels标准答案：C知识点解析：文章在第3段对汽车制造商的营销策略，即theiconofmodernbiology，进行解释。第3段前两句提到“德国宝马汽车公司的策略是通过与遗传结合传递发展的理念。即公司的最新产品可视为长长一串优秀产品经过改良的后代。”以及第3-4句中的“雷诺公司的策略更加微妙，产品的换代是一种渐进的改良，而不是突然跳跃性的改变”，由上可知，这两家的营销策略旨在说明新款汽车继承了原来产品的优秀品质，并有所改良，C正确。17、WhatisthedifferencebetweenBMW’smarketingcampaignandRenault’s?A、Renault’scampaignemploysevolutionarytheorywhileBMWsdoesn’t.B、Renault’scampaignemphasizestechnologicalevolutionwhileBMWsemphasizestechnologicalrevolution.C、BMWscampaigndisplaysimprovementontheircarslessexplicitlythanRenault’sdoes.D、BMWscampaignismuchmoreeffectivethanRenault’s.标准答案：C知识点解析：由第2段第2句中的TheRenault…employsevolutionarytheoryevenmoreexplicitly以及第3段第2句Renault’smessageismoresubtle可知C正确。A与原文表述不符；文章没有提到宝马对产品掀起技术上的变革，故B错；D文中没有提到。18、Inthethirdparagraph,by"biologicalorthodoxy",theauthormeans______.A、Renaultdoesn’tmakeanychangeinthenewcarmodelB、RenaultmakesgradualchangeinthenewcarmodelC、RenaultmakesgreatchangeinthenewcarmodelD、Renaultmakessuddenchangeinthenewcarmodel标准答案：B知识点解析：biologicalorthodoxy(生物学的正统观念)出现于第3段第4句句末，inthis指的是前面提到的bygradualimprovementsratherthansuddenleaps可以直接选出B，即雷诺公司对新推出的汽车的改良是“渐变性的”。19、Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatthesuccessofthecampaignemployingmodernbiologydependson______.A、publicunderstandingofDNAB、advancesingeneticresearchC、thewillingnessofcustomerstobuyD、thedisappearanceofgenetically-modifiedproducts标准答案：A知识点解析：第4段首句“他们能否真的做到这一点，部分取决于市场营销人员是否摸准了大众的心理”为该段主题句，下文接着讲到了人们对DNA这个意象的理解是不同的。结合这些可以看出，广告能否获得成功，取决于人们对于DNA的理解，故本题选A。20、Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat______.A、BMWsmarketershaveapoorknowledgeofbiologyB、thepubliccannotspotthemistakeinBMW’sadsC、BMWsmarketersprobablymisusethewoollymammoth’sDNAintheadsD、thepublicmostprobablywillresistthenewcarduetothemistakeintheads标准答案：C知识点解析：最后一段最后一句说“德国宝马公司在推出其漂亮新车的广告中使用了DNA，这些DNA属于毛猛犸象——一种已经灭绝一万年的野兽。大概，这不是他们营销部门想要在广告中传达的信息吧”，可见，宝马公司的营销人员很可能是在广告中误用了毛猛犸象的DNA这一意象，故选C。其他选项无原文依据。大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、词汇理解(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentrated【C1】________ontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthen【C2】________themintomoney.Marketing,ontheotherhand,【C3】________thatemphasisisplacedonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithanalyzingthe【C4】________anddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumer【C5】________isknownasthemarketingconcept.Itsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiertoproduce,themakersfirsttrytofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingit【C6】________forpurchase.Everystep—design,production,【C7】________,promotion—ismadeaccordingtoconsumerdemand.Thisconceptdoesnotmeanthatconsumersatisfactionis【C8】________toprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinessactivity—thefirmandtheconsumer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetrade【C9】________.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingcustomers.WhenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrinkinmid-1985,thenon-acceptancebya【C10】________portionofthepublicbroughtaboutaquickrestorationoftheClassicCoke.Thisisagoodexampleoftheimportanceofsatisfyingconsumers.A)approachF)distributionK)preferencesB)automaticallyG)impliesL)primarilyC)availableH)obligationM)priorD)contributionI)occursN)qualifyE)convertJ)overallO)significant1、【C1】标准答案：L知识点解析：副词辨析题。本句主谓宾完整，可判定空格处应填入一个副词。根据句意可知，早些年的销售都是依靠说服消费者来买东西，主要是重生产，所以选L项primarily。2、【C2】标准答案：E知识点解析：动词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，空格前是并列连词and，故此处需要填入动词原形，与produce并列，并且能够与into搭配。根据句意，这样的生产与销售关注的是销售者生产商品并将商品________资金的需求，convertsth.intosth.表示“将……转换成……”，所以选E项convert。3、【C3】标准答案：G知识点解析：动词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，故此处需要填入一个动词。根据下文提到的“Itsimplymeans…”可以推测出，此处也是对主语marketing进行解释，所以选G项implies。4、【C4】标准答案：K知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，此处应填入一个名词。根据空格后的demandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem(消费者的需求，以便于生产使他们满意的商品)可知，此处应该是指消费者的喜好，故选K项preferences。5、【C5】标准答案：A知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，此句缺少主语，且空格前是一个复合名词作定语。由空格后提到的themarketingconcept可知，所填词应该是对其做出的解释，所以选A项approach。6、【C6】标准答案：C知识点解析：形容词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，此处需要填入一个形容词作宾语补足语。根据空格前提到的“营销就是分析消费者的喜好和需求，然后进行生产，以满足消费者需求”可以推断出，此处是指商品可供消费者购买，应选C项available。7、【C7】标准答案：F知识点解析：名词辨析题。由空格前后可推断此处应填入一个名词。根据句意得知，所填词语应是营销的一个环节，distribution意为“分配，配送”，所以选F。8、【C8】标准答案：M知识点解析：形容词辨析题。空格位于is之后，可以判定应填入一个形容词。根据下文提到的eachmustbesatisfied(双方都要满意才行)可以看出，消费者的利益并不优先于公司利益，priorto的意思是“先于……”，所以选M。9、【C9】标准答案：I知识点解析：动词辨析题。此从句中trade后缺少谓语，因此应填入一个动词第三人称单数。由句意可推断出，此处表示在交易发生之前双方都要满意，因此选I项Occurs。10、【C10】标准答案：O知识点解析：形容词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，此处需填入一个形容词。根据空格后的aquickrestorationoftheClassicCoke可以推测，应该是有许多人反对，否则不会恢复到原来的口味，asignificantportionof意为“许多，大量”，所以选O。二、长篇阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Climatechangemaybereal,butit'sstillnoteasybeinggreenHowdoweconvinceourinnercavemantobegreener?Weasksomeoutstandingsocialscientists.A)Theroadtoclimatehellispavedwithourgoodintentions.Politiciansmaytacklepolluterswhilescientistsdobattlewithcarbonemissions.Butthemostpervasiveproblemislessobvious:ourownbehaviour.Wegetdistractedbeforewecanturndowntheheating.Webreakourpromisenottoflyafterhearingaboutaneighbour'striptoIndia.Ultimately,wecan'tbebotheredtochangeourattitude.Fortunatelyfortheplanet,socialscienceandbehaviouraleconomicsmaybeabletodothatforus.B)Despitemournfulpolarbearsandchartsshowingcarbonemissionssoaring,mostpeoplefindithardtobelievethatglobalwarmingwillaffectthempersonally.RecentpollsbythePewResearchCentreinWashington,DC,foundthat75-80percentofparticipantsregardedclimatechangeasanimportantissue.Butrespondentsrankeditlastonalistofpriorities.C)Thisinconsistencylargelystemsfromafeelingofpowerlessness."Whenwecan'tactuallyremovethesourceofourfear,wetendtoadaptpsychologicallybyadoptingarangeofdefencemechanisms,"saysTomCrompton,changestrategistfortheenvironmentalorganisationWorldWideFundforNature.D)Partofthefaultlieswithourinnercaveman.Evolutionhasprogrammedhumanstopaymostattentiontoissuesthatwillhaveanimmediateimpact."Weworrymostaboutnowbecauseifwedon'tsurviveforthenextminute,we'renotgoingtobearoundintenyears'time,"saysProfessorElkeWeberoftheCentreforResearchonEnvironmentalDecisionsatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.IftheThameswerelappingaroundBigBen,Londonerswouldfaceuptotheproblemofemissionsprettyquickly.Butinpractice,ourbraindiscountstherisks—andbenefits—associatedwithissuesthatliesomewayahead.E)MatthewRushworth,oftheDepartmentofExperimentalPsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,seesthisinhislabeveryday."Oneofthewaysinwhichallagentsseemtomakedecisionsisthattheyassignalowerweightingtooutcomesthataregoingtobefurtherawayinthefuture,"hesays."Thisisaverysensiblewayforananimaltomakedecisionsinthewildandwouldhavebeenveryhelpfulforhumansforthousandsofyears."F)Notanylonger.Bythetimewewakeuptothethreatposedbyclimatechange,itcouldwellbetoolate.Andifwe'renotgoingtomakerationaldecisionsaboutthefuture,othersmayhavetohelpustodoso.G)FewpoliticallibrariesarewithoutacopyofNudge-.ImprovingDecisionsAboutHealth,WealthandHappiness,byRichardThalerandCassSunstein.Theyarguethatgovernmentsshouldpersuadeusintomakingbetterdecisions—suchassavingmoreinourpensionplans—bychangingthedefaultoptions.ProfessorWeberbelievesthatenvironmentalpolicycanmakeuseofsimilartactics.If,forexample,buildingcodesincludedgreenconstructionguidelines,mostdeveloperswouldbetoolazytochallengethem.H)Defaultsarecertainlypartofthesolution.Butsocialscientistsaremostconcernedaboutcraftingmessagesthatexploitourgroupmentality(心态)."Weneedtounderstandwhatmotivatespeople,whatitisthatallowsthemtomakechange,"saysProfessorNeilAdger,oftheTyndallCentreforClimateChangeResearchinNorwich."Itisactuallyaboutwhattheirpeersthinkofthem,whattheirsocialnormsare,whatisseenasdesirableinsociety."Inotherwords,ourinnercavemaniscontinuallylookingoverhisshouldertoseewhattherestofthetribeareupto.I)Thepassiveattitudewehavetoclimatechangeasindividualscanbealteredbycountingusin—andmeasuringusagainst—ourpeergroup."Socialnormsareprimitiveandelemental,"saysDr.RobertCialdini,authorofInfluence-.ThePsychologyofPersuasion."Birdsflocktogether,fishschooltogether,cattleherdtogether...justperceivingnormsisenoughtocausepeopletoadjusttheirbehaviourinthedirectionofthecrowd."J)Thesenormscantakeusbeyondgoodintentions.CialdiniconductedastudyinSanDiegoinwhichcoathangersbearingmessagesaboutsavingenergywerehungonpeople'sdoors.Someofthemessagesmentionedtheenvironment,somefinancialsavings,otherssocialresponsibility.Butitwastheonesthatmentionedtheactionsofneighboursthatdrovedownpoweruse.K)Otherstudiesshowthatsimplyprovidingthefacilityforpeopletocomparetheirenergyusewiththelocalaverageisenoughtocausethemtomodifytheirbehaviour.TheConservativesplantoadoptthisstrategybymakingutilitycompaniesprinttheaveragelocalelectricityandgasusageonpeople'sbills.L)Socialsciencecanalsoteachpoliticianshowtoavoidourcollectivecapacityforself-destructivebehaviour.EnvironmentalcampaignsthattellushowmanypeopledriveSUVsunwittingly(不经意地)implythatthisbehaviouriswidespreadandthuspermissible.Cialdinirecommendssomecarefulframingofthemessage."Insteadofnormalisingtheundesirablebehaviour,themessageneed