新课标人教版高中英语必修五教案2

Unit1Greatscientists

Teachingaims

1.Tohelpstudentslearntodescribepeople

2.TohelpstudentslearntoreadanarrationaboutJohnSnow

3.Tohelpstudentsbetterunderstand“Greatscientists”

4.Tohelpstudentslearntousesomeimportantwordsandexpressions

5.Tohelpstudentsidentifyexamplesof"ThePastParticiple(1)asthePredicative&

theattribute^^

Period1Warmingupandreading

TeachingProcedures

I.Warmingup

StepILeadin

Talkaboutscientist.

T:Hi,morning,class.Nicetoseeyouonthisspecialday,thedaywhenyoubecomea

seniortwograder.IamhappytobewithyouhelpingyouwithyourEnglish.Todayweare

toreadaboutacertainscientist.Butfirstlet'sdefinetheword“scientist”.Whatisa

scientist?

Ascientistisapersonwhoworksinscience,tryingtounderstandhowtheuniverseor

otherthingswork.

Scientistscanworkindifferentareasofscience.Herearesomeexamples:Thosethat

studyphysicsarephysicists.Thosethatstudychemistryarechemists.Thosethatstudy

biologyarebiologists.

StepII

Askthestudentstotrythequizandfindoutwhoknowsthemost.

T:Therearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Canyou

namesomeofthem?Whatkindofroledotheyplayinthefieldofscience?Dothese

achievementshaveanythingincommon?Matchtheinventionswiththeirinventorsbelow

beforeyouanswerallthesequestions.

1.Archimedes,AncientGreek(287-212BC),amathematician.

2.CharlesDarwin,Britain(1808-1882).ThenameofthebookisOriginofSpecies.

3.ThomasNewcomen,British(1663-1729),aninventorofsteamengine.

4.GregorMendel,Czech,abotanistandgeneticist.

5.MarieCurie,PolishandFrench,achemistandphysicist.

6.ThomasEdison,American,aninventor.

7.LeonardodaVinci,Italian,anartist.

8.SirHumphryDavy,British,aninventorandchemist.

9.ZhangHeng,ancientChina,aninventor.

1().StepperHawking,British,aphysicist.

ILPre-reading

StepI

Getthestudentstodiscussthequestionsonpage1withtheirpartners.Thenaskthe

studentstoreporttheirwork.Encouragethestudentstoexpresstheirdifferentopinions.

1.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?

Infectiousdiseasescaebespreadtootherpeople.Theyhaveanunknowncauseand

needpublichealthcaretosolvethem.Peoplemaybeexposedtoinfectiousdisease,somay

animals,suchasbirdflu,AIDS,SARSareinfectiousdiseases.Infectiousdiseasesare

difficulttocure.

2.Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?

CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVibriocholera。.Itinffectspeople's

intestines（肠）,causingdiarrheaandlegcramps（抽筋）.Themostcommoncauseofcholera

isbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminated^亏染）withthe

bacteria.Choleracanbemild（不严重的）orevenwithoutimmediatesymptoms（症）犬），buta

severecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment.

3.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?

Anybodymightcomeoutwithanewidea.Buthowdoweproveitinscientific

research?Therearesevenstagesinexamininganewideainscientificresearch.Andthey

canbeputinthefollowingorder.Whatorderwouldyouputthesevenin?Justguess.

Findaproblem一Makeupaquestion一Thinkofamethod—>Collectresults—>

Analysetheresults—>Drawaconclusion一Repeatifnecessary

IILReading

StepIPre-reading

1.DoyouknowJohnSnow?

JohnSnowisawell-knowndoctorinthe19thcenturyinLondonandhedefeated"King

Cholera”.

2.Doyouknowwhatkindofdiseaseischolera?

Itisakindofterriblediseasecausedbydrinkingdirtywateranditcausedalotofdeaths

intheoldtimesanditwasverydifficulttodefeat.

LefsgettoknowhowDr.JohnSnowdefeated“KingCholera”in1854inLondonin

thisreadingpassage:

StepIISkimming

Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.

1.Whodefeats“KingCholera46?（JohnSnow）

2.Whathappenedin1854?（CholeraoutbreakhitLondon.）

3.Howmanypeoplediedin10days?(500)

4.WhyistherenodeathatNo.20and21BroadStreetaswellasatNo.8and9

CambridgeStreet?

(ThesefamilieshadnotdrunkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.)

(Optional)

Skimthepassageandfindtheinformationtocompletetheformbelow.

WhoWhenWhatHowResult

John1854helpingExaminingthesourceof“KingCholera^^

Snowordinaryallwatersuppliesanddefeated

peoplefindingnewmethodsof

exposedtodealingwithpolluted

cholerawaster

StepIIIScanning

Readthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened.

2JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.

[AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.

4JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.

7Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.

3JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.

8KingCholerawasdefeated.

5Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.

6Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.

StepIVMainideaandcorrectstage

Readthepassageandputthecorrectstagesintothereadingaboutresearchintoa

disease.

JohnSnowDefeats"KingCholera”

ParagrapStagesGeneralideas

h

Findaproblem:Thecausesofcholera

1

Whatcausethecholera?

Makeupaquestion:Thecorrectorpossibletheory

2

Whichisright?

Thinkofamethod:Collectdataonwherepeoplewereillanddied

3

Testtwotheoryandwheretheygottheirwater

Collectresults:Plotinformationonamaptofindoutwhere

4

Markthedeathpeoplediedordidnotdie

Analyzetheresults:Lookintothewatertoseeifthatisthecause

5

Findtheresourceofthewateroftheillness

FindsupportingevidenceFindotherevidencestoconfirmhis

6

conclusion

DrawaconclusionThepolluteddirtysourceofdrinkingwater

7wastoblamefbrthecauseoftheLondon

cholera

StepVGroupdiscussion

Answerthequestions(Finishexercise2onPage3)

1.JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?

(JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearly

relatedtocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothe

pollutedwater.)

2.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap?

(No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythose

householdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentified

thosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidence

clearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.)

3.Choleraisa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholera

today?

(Twodiseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARSandAIDSbecausetheyareboth

serious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.)

StepVIUsingthestagesforscientificresearchandwriteasummary.

Period2&3Languagefocus

StepIWarmingup

1.characteristic

①n.aqualityorfeatureofsth.orsomeonethatistypicalofthemandeasyto

recongnize.特征；特性

WhatcharacteristicsdistinguishtheAmericansfromtheCanadians.

②a.verytypicalofaparticularthingorofsomeone'scharacer典型性的，

Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhim.

WindydaysarecharacteristicofMarch.

［辨析］characteristic与character

characteristic是可数名词，意为“与众不同的特征“

character表示（个人、集体、民族特有的）“性格、品质”，还意为“人物；文字”

Whatyouknowabouthimisn'thisrealcharacter.

2.putforward:tostateanideaoropinion,ortosuggestaplanorperson,forotherpeopleto

consider提出

Heputforwardanewtheory.

Theforeignershaveputforwardaproposalforajointventure.

AninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospherearoundMarshasbeenput

forward.

☆puton穿上;戴上;增加putout熄灭（灯）甘卜灭（火）putupwith…忍受

putdown写下来;放下；putoff耽误；延期putup建立；建

造，

putup举起，搭建，粘贴

3.analyze:toexamineorthinkaboutsomethingcarefullyinordertounderstanditvt.分

析结果、检讨、细察

Acomputeranalysesthephotographssentbythesatellite.

TheearthquakeexperttriedtoanalyzethecauseoftheearthquakeoccurredonMay

12,2008.

Lefsanalyzetheproblemandseewhatwentwrong.

Heanalyzedthefoodandfoundthatitcontainedpoison.

Wemusttrytoanalyzethecausesofthestrike.

☆analysisn.分析，解析，分解

4.conclude:decidethatsth.istrueafterconsideringaltheinformationyouhave得出

结论；推论出toendsth.suchasameetingorspeechbydoingorsayingonefinalthing

vt.&vi结束,终止；

Weconcludedthemeetingat8o'clockwithaprayer.

Fromhisappearancewemaysafelyconcludethatheisaheavysmoker.

Whatdoyouconcludefromthesefacts?

Weconcludetogoout/thatwewouldgoout.

conclusionn.结论

arriveataconclusion;cometoaconclusion;drawaconclusion;reachaconclusion

Whatconclusiondidyoucometo/reach/draw/arriveat?

Fromthesefactswecandrawsomeconclusionsabouthowthepyramidswerebuilt.

Step2Reading

1.defeat

①vt.towinavictoryoversomeoneinawar,competition,gameetc.打败，战月生，使

受挫

I'vetriedtosolvetheproblem,butitdefeatsme!

Ourteamdefeatedtheirsinthegame.

②n.失败，输failuretowinorsucceed

Thismeansadmittingdefeat.

Theyhavegotsixvictoriesandtwodefeats.

［辨析］win,beat与defeat

①win“赢得”赛事、战事、某物；后接人时，意为“争取赢得…的好感或支持；说

服”

②beat“战胜”“击败”比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换

Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.

Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.

Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheother

teams.

Icaneasilybeat/defeathimatgolf.

Heistraininghardtowintheraceandrealizehisdreamofbecomingachampionatthe

2008OlympicGames.

2.expert

①n.someonewhohasaspecialskillorspecialknowledgeofasubject专家，能手

anexpertinpsychologyanagriculturalexpert

②a.havingspecialskillorspecialknowledgeofasubject熟练的，有专门技

术的

anexpertrideranexpertjob需专门知识的工作

Heisexpertin/atcooking.

3.attendvt.&vi参加，注意，照料

①bepresentat参力口attendaceremony/lecture/amovie/school/class/ameeting

Ishallbeattendingthemeeting.

Pleaseletmeknowifyouareunabletoattendtheconference.

②attendto(on):tolookafter,carefor,serve伺候,照顾，看护

Thequeenhadagooddoctorattendingonher.

DrSmithattendedherinhospital.治疗

Areyoubeingattendedto?接待

Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.

③attendto处理，注意倾听attendtothematter

Anurseattendstohisneeds.

Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?

Imaybelate-Ihavegotoneortwothingstoattendto.

Excuseme,butIhaveanurgentmattertoattendto.

［辨析］attend,join,joinin与takepartin

①attend指参加会议、上课、上学、听报告等

②join指加入某组织、团体，成为其中一员

③joinin指加入某种活动；表示与某人一起做某事joinsb.insth.

④takepartin指参加正式的、有组织的活动，切在活动中起积极作用

Only2peopleattendedthemeeting.

HejoinedtheCommunistYouthLeaguein2007.

Willyoujoinusinthegame?

Weoftentalepartintheafter-classactivities.

4.expose:toshowsth.thatisusuallycovered暴露

exposesth.tothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下

Ithreatenedtoexposehim(tothepolice).我威胁要(向警察)揭发他.

Heexposedhisskintothesun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.

Theoldmanwasleftexposedtowindandrain.

Whenhesmiledheexposedasetofperfectwhiteteeth.

5.curevt.&n.tomakesomeonewhoisillwellagian治疗，痊愈

WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.

①curesbofadisease

Whenyouhaveapaininyourshoulders,youwillgotoseeadoctor.Thedoctorwill

cureyou.

Theonlywaytocurebackacheistorest.

Hewillcurethepaininyourshoulders

WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.

Theillnesscannotbecuredeasily.

Althoughtheboywasbeyondcure,hisparentstriedtocurehimofbadhabits.

②acureforadisease

Aspirinissaidtobeawonderfulcureforthepain.

Thereisstillnocureforthecommoncold.

Isthereacertaincureforcanceryet?

③acureforsth.:toremoveaproblem,orimproveabadsituation解决问题，改善困境

Thepricesaregoingupeveryday,butthereisnocureforrisingprices.

［辨析］cure与treat

①cure主要指痊愈，强调的是结果

②treat强调治疗过程，指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治疗病人或疾病，不强调

结果。

Theycuredmeofmyinfluenza.

Theytreatedmewithanewdrug.

6.controlvt.&n.

①vt.：tohavepowerover,rule,direct控制，支配，管理

Hecannotcontrolhisfeelings/anger.

YouaretryingtocontrolmeasthoughIwereyourslave.

Thegovernmenttriesitsbesttocontrolprices.

②beunderthecontrolof...;beincontrolof;

take/gaincontrolof;get/beoutofcontrol;losecontrolof;beyondcontrol

Georgetook/gainedcontrolofthebusinessafterhisfatherdied.

Thecarwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothepole.

theheadincontrolofthecountry

Thedriverlostcontrolofhiscaranditknockedintoatree.

Mr.Brownisincontroloftheshop./TheshopisinthecontrolofMr.Brown.

ThismoneyisundercontrolofMrBrown.

Who'sincontroloftheproject?

Thefirehasbeenbroughtundercontrol.

7.suggestv.建议；暗示；表明

①suggest+doing/sth./that-clause

Maysuggestedapicnicattheweekend.

Whatdidyousuggesttotheheadmaster?

Isuggestedleavingearlyfbrtheairport.

Shesuggestedthatherfather(should)giveupsmoking.

他建议我们参观长城。

HesuggestedtousavisittotheGreatWall.

HesuggestedusvisitingtheGreatWall.

Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreatWall.

②suggest(暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。

Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.

Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.

Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasseriouslyill.

Hisworksuggeststhatheisacarefulman.

8.absorb

①totakesth.inespeciallygradually吸收

Plantsabsorbcarbondioxide.

Incoldclimates,housesneedtohavewallsthatwillabsorbheat.

Paperthatabsorbsinkiscalledblottingpaper(吸墨纸).

Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsown

organization.

②tounderstandfactsorideascompletelyandrememberthem

It'shardtoabsorbsomuchinfbnnation.

☆beabsorbedin=concentrateon专心1

HeisabsorbedintheresearchofChinesehistoryrecently.

Thewriterwassoabsorbedinhiswritingthatheforgottoflicktheashesfromhiscigar.

IwassoabsorbedinabookthatIdidn'thearyoucall.

☆absorbone'sattention

Chinesehistoryabsorbshisattentionrecently.

9.suspect:tothinkthatsomethingisprobablytrueorlikely,especiallysomethingbad

①vt.怀疑，猜疑n,嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人adj.可疑的，靠不住的

suspectsb.ofdoingsth.怀疑某人做…

Shesuspectedhimoftakinghermoney.

②以为，猜想

Wesuspectedthathehadfinisheddoinghishomework.

10.severea.

①soserious,sobad严厉的，苛刻的，严格的

Comeon!Don'tbesoseverewiththechildren.

Hisreportcontainsseverecriticismofthecompany'sactions.

Hisseverelooksfrightenedme.

②veryharmfulorpainful,seriousoruncomfortable（疼痛）居U烈，的严重的，

Iwascaughtinaseverestormlastnightandcouldn'tgobackhomeintime.

Hehassuchasevereillnessthathehasbeeninhospital.

Isufferedasevereattackoftoothache.

Hehadaseverepainintheleg.

11.foresee:toknowthatsth.isgoingtohappenbeforeitactuallyhappensvt.预见，

预料

Themethodwasusedinwaysthatcouldn'thavebeenforeseenbyitsinventors.

Fewanalystsforesawthatoilricewouldrisesosteeply.

Noonecouldhaveforeseenthingswouldturnatthisway.

It'simpossibletoforeseehowlifewillworkout.

12.blamev.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备

①blamesb./sth.forsth.:tosayorthinkthatsb.orsth.isresponsibleforsth.bad

因…而指责

It'snotfairtoblameme.Ifsnotmyfault.

Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.

ManychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.

②blamesth.onsb./sth.把..归咎于：beresponsibleforsth.bad

Thepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack'scarelessdriving.

③(be)toblame应受责备(主动表被动)；承担责任

Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.

Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident?

EitherheorIamtoblame.

Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone

toblame.

Whoistoblameforthefire?

④taketheblame承担责任tosaythatsth.isyourfault

Heisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.

⑤puttheblameon怪在...身上

It'snouseblamingourdefeatonhim.

13.lookinto调查，了解，研究，浏览，向…里看

We'lllookintothecaseassoonaspossible.

Butnowtheauthorityislookingintothecostofmodifyingallofitswindows.

Thebuildingaroundthecornercaughtfirelastnight.Thepolicearenowlookinginto

thematter.

lookaround;lookafter,lookdownupon;lookfor;lookforwardto;looklike;lookover

浏览，过目一遍;lookout;lookthrough浏览，检查;lookon;lookupto;

14.handlevt.todealwith买卖，操作n.把手，把柄

ThechildrenaresonaughtythatIcan'thandlethem.处理

Thisshophandlespaperandstationery.买卖

Wedon^handlethatsortofbook.买卖

Howshallwehandletheproblem.处理

Canyouhandlethesituationatpresent?处理

Ithasafreehandle.活把手

Helearnthowtohandletheaxe.操作

15.link

①v.连接，联系

Thetwotownsarelinkedbyarailway.

Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.

Televisionstationsaroundtheworldarelinkedbysatellites.

Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.

②n.

Researchershavedetectedalinkbetweensmokingandheartdisease.

Istherealinkbetweensmokingandlungdisease?

Alotoflinksfittedtogetherformachain.

linkup(with)连接,结合;link...with/to把…与相连接

16.announce

①tomakeknownpublicly;togiveinformationusingaloudspeaker,esp.atanairport

orrailwaystation;tointroduceaprogramonTVorradio

ThenewswasannouncedbyRadioBeijing.

Everyonewassilentasheannouncedthewinnerofthecompetition.

Thecaptainannouncedthattheplanewasgoingtoland.

Thegovernmentannouncedthattheywouldbuildanewhighwaytothemountain.

Thearmyannouncedacease-fire.

Theannouncerannouncesthreeprogramsaweek.

IthasbeenannouncedthatMr.AandMissBwillbemarriednextweek.

②announcement

trainapproachannouncement

Hewaitedfortheannouncementoftheresultofthecompetition.

☆makeanannouncement

17.instruct:toteach;toorder

—Whoinstructsyourclassinhistory?—MrBlack.Heisourinstructor.

Sheinstructedmeintheuseofthistelephone.

Fvebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.

Thedoctorinstructedmetostayinbed.

Theoldworkersinstructusnotonlyinwordsbutdeeds.

☆instruction:detaileddirectionsonprocedure;anorder;teaching

ThebossgavemesomanyinstructionsatonetimethatIgotmuddledup.

Weforgottoreadtheinstructions,(aninstructionbook)

UnderBerry'sinstruction,Islowlymasteredtheartofglassblowing.

Hegaveustheinstructionstofinishtheworkassoonaspossible.

Alwaysreadtheinstructionsonthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountof

medicine.

Period4Learningaboutlanguage(Grammar)

Teachingaims

Tohelpstudentslearntouseusefulwordsandexpressions

TohelpstudentslearntouseThePastParticiple(1)asthePredicative&attribute

TeachingProcedures

1.Makingalist

Makeisawordwhichissoactivethatitformsnumerousphrases.Nowmakealistof

phraseslike"makealist,makemistakes^^.

Collocationsofmake...

makeaguess,makeahaircut,makehaste,makeholiday,makeinquires,makeajoke,

makeajourney,makealanding,makealeap,makealiving,makeamistake,makea

motion,makeanoise,makeanote,makeanobjection,makeanoffer,makepeace,make

preparation,makeprogress,makeaprogress,makeapromise,makeaproposal,makea

recovery,makearemark,makeareply,makeareport,makearequest,makearesolution,

makeaspeech,maketrouble,makeaturn,makewar

2.Readingandfinding

ReadagainthetextJOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA,,andfindoutallthe

exampleswherethepastparticipleisused.

Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied,(usedasattribute)

Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.(usedas

predicative)

3.Doingexercises

Turntopage4andcompleteinpairsExercises1,2and3.Thencheckyouranswersagainst

yourpartners5.

4.Learningaboutthemakingandusesofpastparticiple

Toformthepastparticipleofaverb,addtheending-edtothebaseform.(Butnotethat

manycommonverbshaveirregularpastparticipleforms.)

Thepastparticipleisusedinthefollowingcircumstances

<>Aftertheauxiliaryhaveintheperfecttense

Hastheradiobeenfixedyet?

OAfteraformoftheauxiliarybeinthepassivevoice

TheradiowasfixedonMonday.

OAftertheverbshaveandgetwithacausativemeaning

Wehadtheradiofixedlastweek.

OAsapassiveparticipialadjective

Therecentlyfixedradioisbrokenagain.

过去分词作定语

1单个的过去分词作定语一般放在twomarriedwomen

所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语afoundumbrella

作定语一般要后置。ausedstamp

fallenleaves

anovelwrittenbyJim

thelettersenttoourboss

2过去分词具有被动或完成的含义。WhafsthelanguagespokeninGermany?

Theydecidedtorebuildthedamagedbridge.

3过去分词作定语常可扩展为一个Heisfondofthefoodcooked(=whichhadbeen

定语从句。cooked)byyourmother.

Thereportisthebestofitskindeverwritten(=thathas

everbeenwritten).

4有时通过一个形容词或数词加另athree-leggeddeskaone-eyeddog

一名词的ed形式构成复合形容anhonest-facedmanawarm-heartedlady

词。

Explaintheusageofthepastparticiplesaspredicativeandattribute.

1.过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。用作表语的过去分词大多来自及物动词；不

及物动词的过去分词能作表语的只限于少数表示位置转移的动词，如go,come,

assemble等，它们用在连系动词之后，表示完成意义，无被动意义。例如：

Themanlookedquitedisappointed.

Heisgreatlydiscouragedbyherrefusal.

Hishairisnearlyallgone.

已经形容词化了的过去分词大多可作表语，常见的有accomplished,amazed,amused,

astonished,broken,closed,completed,complicated,confused,crowded,devoted,

disappointed,discouraged,drunk,excited,frightened,hurt,interested,lost,satisfied,

surprised,worried等。

2.过去分词作定语

a）用作前置定语的过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动意义和完成意义。例如：

Welikeskatinginthefrozenlakeinthewinter.

=Welikeskatinginthelakewhichhasbeenfrozeninthewinter.

Howmanyfinishedproductshaveyougotuptonow?

=Howmanyproductsthathavebeenfinishedhaveyougotuptonow?

来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置定语，能作这样用的仅限以下几个词，

这时仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义。例如：

aretiredworker=aworkerwhohasretired

anescapedprisoner=aprisonerwhohasescaped

afaded/witheredflower=aflowerthathasfaded/withered

fallenleaves=leavesthathavefallen

therisensun=thesunthathasjustrisen

areturnedstudent=astudentwhohasreturned

vanishedtreasure=treasurethathasvanished

b）用作后置定语的过去分词通常也来自及物动词，表示被动意义和完成意义。这时过

去分词相当于一个定语从句。例如：

Thingsseenarebetterthanthingsheard.

=Thingswhichareseenarebetterthanthingswhichareheard.

Thelobsterbroiledovercharcoalwasdelicious.

二Thelobsterwhichwasbroiledovercharcoalwasdelicious.

Practice:

将下列句子译成英语。

1.他看上去又累又沮丧.

2.我们一得到补充资金，就继续我们的实验。

3.我们可以看到被阳光照亮的月球的一部分.

4.经过一个激动和无眠的夜晚之后，第二天我强迫自己在海滨走了很久.

5.早在1649年，俄亥俄州就决定在每一个城镇建立免费的、由税收支持的学校。

6.彼得对这一切似乎很惊奇。

Sampleanswers:

1.Helookedtiredanddepressed.

2.Wewillgoonwithourexperimentassoonaswegettheaddedfund.

3.Wecanseethepartofthemoonlightedbysunlight.4.Afteranightspentin

excitementandsleepless-ness,Iforcedmyselftotakealongwalkalongthebeachthe

nextday.

5.Asearlyasin1649,Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax-supportedschoolsmustbe

establishedineverytown.

6.Peterwasveryamazedatallthis.

5.Languagepoints

1.cometoanend结束，终结，终止

Themeetinghascometoanend.

bringtoanend;drawtoanend;putanendtosth.

Fmdeterminedtoputanendtoalltheserumours.

3.constructionn.建造，建设，构筑

Theconstructionofthedamtookseveralyears.

Thenewbridgeisstillunderconstruction.

underconstruction/repair/discussion在建设中

4.contributevt.&vi捐献,贡献，捐助

Everyoneshouldcontributewhathershecanafford.

contributeto有助于，促成

contributesth.to把…捐赠给…，给…投稿,为…贡献

makeacontributionto为…做贡献

Allthiscontributedtooursuccess.

HecontributedfivemilliondollarstotheRedCross.

Hecontributedsomearticlestothenewspaper.

Freshairandexercisecancontributetogoodhealth.

5.apartfrom除...之外(还有)

Iateeverythingapartfromthesoup.(except)