新教材2024高中英语Unit1ScienceFictionSectionIReadingandThinking同步测试新人教版选择性必修第四册

PAGESectionⅠReadingandThinking(1)阅读理解。AAteamofengineersatHarvardUniversitycreatedthefirstroboticfly.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofitscomponentsisofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”saidRobertWood,aHarvardengineeringprofessor.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshaslotsofinterdependence(相互依靠)oftheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Whilethisfirstroboticflyislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonaday-to-daybasis.”1.Whatisthetypicalcharacteristicoftheroboticfly?A.It’sautomatic. B.It’sverysmall.C.It’scontrollable. D.It’squitepowerful.解析:细微环节理解题。依据第一段其次、三句可知,这种飞行器的设计初衷是为了能做苍蝇做的事,它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大,微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行受控的飞行任务。据此可知,该飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小。故选B。答案:B2.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheroboticflycan.

A.actasaspyplaneB.helpdofarmworkC.flyataveryhighspeedD.answermanyscientificquestions解析:推理推断题。依据第四段第一句“...sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.”可知,某一天这种飞行器可能用于搜救点、农田、战场信息的收集。据此可推知,该飞行器可以用作间谍飞机。故选A。答案:A3.WhatisWood’sideaabouttheroboticflyaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Itishighlyquestionable.B.Ithaswidepracticalapplications.C.Itgivesscientistsinterestinflyingmachines.D.Itpointstoanewdirectioninstudyingbiology.解析:细微环节理解题。依据最终一段其次句“Yet,thepower...couldhavemuchbroaderapplications.”并结合伍德所说的话可知,伍德认为这种飞行器运用范围很广泛。故选B。答案:B4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Harvard’sStudyintheFieldofInsectsB.BreakthroughinEngineeringScienceC.AnInterestingInvention—RoboticFlyD.RoboticFly—CopyofRealLifeInsect解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句。结合全文内容可知,本文主要介绍了哈佛高校的工程师团队研制的一款机器苍蝇飞行器,介绍了其形态、大小、结构及前景等。故选D。答案:DBInthefuture,whenrobotscanbeusedbothinhomesandinotherareas,theycouldimprovethelivingstandardsofpeople.Manypeopleconsumetheirenergybydoingtheirday-to-daytaskslikecooking,cleaningafterwork,etc.Whenrobotscancompletesuchjobs,peoplecanspendmoretimewiththeirfamiliesandfriends.Expertssaythatmanymajorproblemsinthemodernworldarecausedbymiscommunication.Whenpeoplehavemoretime,theycantalkfreelytosolvesuchissuesandeventuallycreateahappysociety.Robotscanbeusedforcertainjobstoavoidaccidentscausedbycarelessbehaviorofsomepeople.Whenrobotsareusedforsuchwork,itdoesnotriskanyhumanlifeattheworkplace.Humanresourcescanbeefficientlyusedbyperformingtaskswhichdemandhumanskillslikecriticalthinkingandproblem-solving.Robotscanbeusedforjobslikemovingandliftingheavythings.Whilesomepeopletalkabouthowrobotscanbeusefultohumans,othersvoicetheirconcerns.Whenrobotsbecomecheapertoproduce,employersmayprefertousemorerobotsthanhumans.Asthetechnologyconstantlyimprovestheabilitiesofrobots,itcouldweakenthevalueofhumans.Manypeoplemayrelyonrobotsheavily.Somemayevendevelopthehabitofusingrobotsfortasksthattheycaneasilydo.Thiscouldcreatealazysociety.Asanageingsociety,Japanseesitasamusttobuildrobotsthatcantakecareofelderlypeopleattheirhomes,becausewithoutthem,thenation’shealthcaresystemcan’tcope.Therewillsimplybetoomanyelderlypeopletocareforasthenationfacesadecreasingbirthrate,anageingpopulation,andthelooseningoffamilyties.However,manyofJapan’selderlypeoplewouldpreferhumanhelpersratherthanrobots.Aboveall,Japanneedstomakeitsdreamofdomesticrobotscometruebecauseitsimmigrationpolicyisanti-immigration.5.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwillhappenwhenrobotscanbeusedinhomes?A.Peoplewillspendmoretimeontheirwork.B.People’slivingstandardswillbeimproved.C.Therewouldbemoremisunderstandingsbetweenhumans.D.Peoplemaycommunicatemorewithrobotsthanwithhumanbeings.解析:细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“Inthefuture,whenrobotscanbeusedbothinhomesandinotherareas,theycouldimprovethelivingstandardsofpeople.”可知,当机器人可以在家里运用时,人们的生活水平将会提高。故选B。答案:B6.Whichofthefollowingarerobotsbetteratcomparedwithhumans?A.Problemsolving.B.Criticalthinking.C.Workingsafely.D.Communicatingwithothers.解析:细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Robotscanbeusedforcertainjobstoavoidaccidentscausedbycarelessbehaviorofsomepeople.”可知,机器人可以用于某些工作,以避开人类的一些马虎行为造成的事故。由此可知,与人类相比,机器人在平安工作方面做得更好。故选C。答案:C7.Whatdosomepeopleworrywhenmorerobotsarebeingused?A.Robotswillbebeyondourcontrol.B.Peoplewillbeunwillingtoworkhard.C.Itwillbehardertoimprovetheabilitiesofrobots.D.Humanresourceswon’tbeneededattheworkplace.解析:推理推断题。依据倒数其次段中的“Manypeoplemayrelyonrobotsheavily.Somemayevendevelopthehabitofusingrobotsfortasksthattheycaneasilydo.Thiscouldcreatealazysociety.”可知,一些人担忧随着越来越多的机器人被运用,人们将不情愿努力工作。故选B。答案:B8.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Japanwilltrytodevelopdomesticrobots.B.MostJapanesecitizensareagainstdomesticrobots.C.TherobotsarewellreceivedbyelderlypeopleinJapan.D.TheJapanesegovernmentencouragesforeignerstomovetoJapan.解析:推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Aboveall,Japanneedstomakeitsdreamofdomesticrobotscometruebecauseitsimmigrationpolicyisanti-immigration.”可知,最重要的是,因为日本的移民政策是反移民的,所以日本须要实现在家庭中运用机器人的幻想。由此可推知,日本将努力开发家用机器人。故选A。答案:ACInthestoryofTheCrowandthePitcherfromAesop’sFables,athirstycrow(乌鸦)dropsstonesintoanarrowjartoraisethelowlevelofwaterinsidesohecantakeadrink.Nowscientistshaveevidencetobackupthatstory.Crowsactuallydounderstandhowtomakewaterdisplacement(移位)worktotheiradvantage,experimentsshow.Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.Researchers,ledbySarahJelbertattheUniversityofAucklandinNewZealand,presentedsixcrowswithtubesfilledwithwater.Insidethetubes,awormorpieceofmeatonapieceofwoodwasfloating,justoutofreachofthecrows.Infrontofthetubes,theresearchersarrangedseveralrubbererasersthatwouldsink,andsomeplasticobjectsthatwouldfloat.Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.However,thebirdshandledawkwardlyinexperimentsinwhichtheycouldchoosetodropobjectsineitherawidetubeoranarrowonetogetasnack,theresearcherssaid.Droppingobjectsintothenarrowtubewouldliftthewaterlevelbyagreateramountandputthetreatwithinreachafterjusttwodrops;whileittookaroundsevendropstoraisethesnacktothesamelevelinthewidetube.Thecrowsobviouslydidn’trealisethis,andmostofthemwentforthewidetubefirst.

Previousstudiesshowedthatchimpsandhumanchildrencansolvesimilartasks.Ina2011study,chimpsandkidsfoundoutthattheycouldputwaterintoatubetoreachapeanutthatwasfloatinginasmallamountofwateratthebottom.9.HowdidthecrowsgetthesnackinSarah’sexperiment?A.Bybreakingthetube.B.Bydroppinginerasers.C.Bystandingonthewood.D.Byremovingthewood.解析:细微环节理解题。依据第三段最终一句“Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.”可知,乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管子里,使食物浮起,然后吃到食物。故选B。答案:B10.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thebirdshandledawkwardly”inparagraph4?A.Theywereunabletotelldifferentshapes.B.Theydroppedobjectsonlyintonarrowtubes.C.Theywerenotawareofthesnackatfirstsight.D.Theymostlyavoidedtheeasierwaytogetthesnack.解析:推理推断题。从第四段可知,试验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时,虽然细管比粗管须要更少的水和时间就可以把食物浮起来,但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边,而没有选择更简洁浮起食物的细管。由此可知,这句话的言外之意是“这些鸟儿没有选择更简洁的方式得到零食”。故选D。答案:D11.Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A.StoriesofAesop’sFables.B.Thedevelopmentofcrows.C.Crows’intelligence.D.Human-animalcommunication.解析:主旨大意题。依据其次段最终一句“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.”以及后面的几个试验可知,整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来绽开的。故选C。答案:C12.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Crowsarealmostascleverasfirst-gradersinsomerespects.B.Crowsunderstandwaterdisplacementcompletely.C.Chimpsandchildrenaremuchsmarterthancrows.D.ThestoryofTheCrowandthePitcherlacksevidence.解析:推理推断题。依据其次段最终一句“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.”可知,乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级小学生一样聪慧,所以选项A正确。依据第四段的试验可知,乌鸦并不能很好地理解排水量问题,所以选项B错误。依据最终一段的试验可知,黑猩猩和儿童跟乌鸦一样可以解决类似的问题,这不能说明他们比乌鸦聪慧,所以选项C错误。依据其次段第一句“Nowscientistshaveevidencetobackupthatstory.”可知,科学家们已经有关于这则寓言的证据了,所以选项D错误。故选A。答案:AReadingandThinking(2)[基础测评]Ⅰ.单句语法填空。1.Theparentsfeltashamedoftheirsonwhenhe(dismiss)bytheboss.

2.Thelawyerclaimedthattheaccused(被告)wasnot(guilt).

3.Allnightlonghelayawake,(think)oftheproblem.

4.Hetriedtomakehisideas(know).

5.Theyusuallyhavethemedicine(test)outbeforeputtingintothemarketalloverthecountry.

6.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe(be)ill,andherparentssuggestedshe(have)amedicalexamination.

7.Thetwo(saleswoman)werebusilytryingtokeepupwiththedemand.

8.Let’sappointatime(meet)again.

9.Angryresidentshavedeclaredwartheownerofthefactory.

10.Somepeoplesayitisaveryeasythingtogetupacoldmorning.

答案:1.wasdismissed2.guilty3.thinking4.known5.tested6.was(should)have7.saleswomen8.tomeet9.on10.onⅡ.用适当的介/副词填空。1.Youmustworkhowmuchallthesethingswillcost.

2.Hisworkistotestnewdesignsofcarsbeforetheyareputonthemarket.

3.ThisisthefirstplaceinallofChinatoexperimentthismethod.

4.Whenwegottotheborder,theguardsmadeusturnandgoback.

5.Helooksmoreabusinessmanthanateenidol.

6.Ifyoukeeponcollecting,timeyou’llhaveawealthofdata.

7.Thereisnoneedtoblamehimalldaylong.He’sachildall.

8.IamnotfreethisafternoonbecauseIhaveanappointmentmydentist.

9.Severalofthemembershavecomeupsuggestionsoftheirown.

10.comparison,theschemeseemssuperiortotheonereportedinthispaper.

答案:1.out2.out3.with4.around5.like6.in7.after8.with9.with10.InⅢ.语法填空。ThecompanyforwhichLarryworkedwastohaveanewly-maderobot1.(call)TonywhichwasexperimentedwithbyhiswifeClaireathome.AtthefirstsightofTony,Clairefelt2.(alarm).Shethought3.wasridiculousthatarobotshouldlooksomuchlikeahuman4.hissmoothhair,deepvoice,tallandhandsomebody.Onthesecondmorning,Tonywantedtohelphertodress,whichmadeClaire5.(embarrass)andsherefusedhim.ButlatershewasgladthatTonycouldmakeherhome6.(elegance),giveheranewhaircutandimprovehermakeup.7.(decorate)herhome,healsowrotealistof8.(item)forhertobuy.AndfinallyTonyhelpedClairetofinishallthework.Tonysuggestedthatshe9.(invite)GladysandherfriendstothehousethenightbeforehewastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn.10.wasunbelievablewasthatTonydidn’twanttoleaveClaireintheend!

答案:1.called2.alarmed3.it4.with5.embarrassed6.elegant7.Todecorate8.items9.(should)invite10.What[提升测评]Ⅳ.阅读理解。Robotsperformingtasksaccordingtoapredeterminedsetofinstructionsarenothingnew.Butrobotscapableoflearninghowtodosomethingbywatchingvideosareacompletelydifferentthing.Ifyouhavepostedavideoofyourfavouriterecipeonapopularwebsite,chancesarethatitwillbetriedbyarobot.YiannisAloimonos,wholeadsateamthatistryingtoteacharobothowtoreproducesimpletasksbywatchingvideos,said,“ThereexistsahugeamountofvideoinformationontheInternetthatwecanuse.”Sofar,therobotnamedJuliacanpouringredients,adddressingandmixasimplesalad.Itlearnsbybreakingeachtaskintobasicparts,suchasgraspingaspoon,bringingittothebowl,stirringthesaladandobservingtheresults.AsJuliacansee,hearandrememberthingsandthencombinethosepartstoperformcertaintasks,Yiannissaidtheprojectcancombineallthoseabilities.Butwhyteacharobothowtounderstandavideowhenitcaneasilyfollowafixedprogramme?Yiannissaid,“Youhaveasystemthatisdonejustforthisparticulartask.Andso,itcan’tgeneralise(推广).Youcannottakeitandputitintoadifferentenvironment.Itisnotflexible.”Yiannissaidoneoftheproblemstheresearchersaretryingtosolveishowtomaketherobotunderstandandusewhatitlearnsduringtheperformanceofacertaintask,theso-calledfeedback(反馈).Anotherproblemwillbetheintroductionoflanguage.“Ibelieveitwilltakequitesometimebeforetherobotsareabletounderstandmetaphorical(比方性的)language,”headded.Butwedon’tneedthatinordertocreateanewworldinwhichtherobotswillbeworkingforus.1.WhyistheexampleofRobotJuliamentioned?A.Toproveitisawiserobotcook.B.Toproverobotscanunderstandavideo.C.Toprovetherearealotofvideosonline.D.Toprovethesaladmadebyitistasty.解析:推理推断题。由第四段可知,这款机器人可以通过看视频做一些简洁的饭菜,说明它能看懂视频的内容。故选B。答案:B2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Togetfeedbackonacertaintask.B.Tosolveaproblemofalanguage.C.Tousewhatitlearnsindoingatask.D.Tounderstandmetaphoricallanguage.解析:代词指代题。由最终一段画线词前面的“Ibelieveitwilltakequitesometimebeforetherobotsareabletounderstandmetaphoricallanguage”可知,这里的that指的是前面提到的“tounderstandmetaphoricallanguage”。故选D。答案:D3.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Robotscookforhumansbythemselves.B.Robotslearntocookbywatchingvideos.C.Robotsdothingswithoutfixedprogrammes.D.Robotsarefondofwatchingcookingvideos.解析:主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了现在探讨人员正在开发可以通过看视频自己学习做事的机器人的状况。故选B。答案:BⅤ.完形填空。Atthedoctor’soffice,firstIlogontoacomputertoannouncemypresence.ThenIwaituntilaroboticnurse1meintotheexaminationroom.Soon,instepsthedoctor,whoisalsoarobot.Herecordsmy2,doesafewcalculationsandthen3outaprescription(处方).Havingswiped(刷)thecreditcardatamachineonthewayout,Ireturnhomewithouthavingcomeacrossanotherhumanbeing.Thissceneismyhorribleimaginationofthefuture,whichhasn’tcometopass—4notyetnow.

Ireallydolikemanyaspectsof5.I’mabigfanofairconditionersinsummerandheatinwinter.ButIdon’twantmachinesto6.WhenIcallmydentist’sofficeandactuallygetahumanbeingontheline,Iampleased.WhenIcalltheairportandgetthelady-computerwho7askingmetoreportmyself,Iwanttoscream.WhenIseetheslowoccupationofself-servicecheck-outstationsatthesupermarket,Ifeellikeshouting,“Whenit8cashiers,makeminehumans,please!”

Afterall,ahumancashiermight9abagofflourleakingandgetyouareplacement.Real-lifecashiersmayhavea10wordforanelderlypersonstrugglingtopaythebill.Evenmorethanthat,theyoftentakeaninterestinparticularlycutechildren,whichcan11ayoungmother’sday.Idon’twanttogobacktotheStoneAge,butI’malso12aboutacompletelycomputerizedworld,whereface-to-facecommunicationisreplacedbyswipingcreditcardsandfeedingnumbers.Self-servicecheck-outstationscanbeefficient.Buttheylacka(n)13sovitaltoeverydaylife.Itissomethingthaturgesustoofferothersasmileorahug,whichmaybe14whattheyneedatthatmoment.Callitthespirit,thesoulortheheart.Itissomethingthatno15willeverhave.

1.A.directsB.wheelsC.followsD.pushes解析:direct指导,引导;wheel用车推;follow跟随;push推。此处描写作者就诊的过程,首先作者在电脑上登录,然后等到一名机器人护士把他领进检查室。故选A。答案:A2.A.identity B.characterC.appearance D.symptom解析:identity身份;character性格;appearance相貌;symptom症状。依据语境可知,作者是来看病的,所以机器人医生记录的应当是作者的症状。故选D。答案:D3.A.stands B.printsC.finds D.calls解析:standout突出,脱颖而出;printout打印出;findout发觉,查明;callout召集,大声叫喊。机器人在模拟真人医生看病,所以记录完症状,就会打印出一张处方。故选B。答案:B4.A.inshort B.inparticularC.beyonddoubt D.atleast解析:inshort简而言之;inparticular尤其是;beyonddoubt毫无疑问;atleast至少。这一幕是作者对将来可怕的想象,但至少现在还没有实现。故选D。答案:D5.A.tradition B.civilizationC.technology D.culture解析:tradition传统;civilization文明;technology技术;culture文化