专题21 代词四大类八个要点（讲案）解析版

1/11高考一轮复习知识清单专题21代词四大类七要点（讲案）解析版（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+原创语填）目录一、代词用法快问快答P1二、代词考点思维导图P2三、代词用法考点清单P2考点清单一、it的用法P2考点清单二、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词用法P4考点清单三、指示代词用法P5考点清单四、不定代词用法P6四、代词用法分类训练P8分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题）P8分类训练（二）单句改错（高考真题）P9分类训练（三）单句填空（模拟试题）P10分类训练（四）语法填空（外刊原创）P10创纪录的英国学生暑期来访中国P10一、代词用法快问快答Q1：代词有哪些种类？A1：代词是英语常见词类，种类丰富，包含人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、关系代词、连接代词等。Q2：使用代词需要注意什么？A2：首先需要注意代词的基本用法和使用场合要求，其次要注意积累代词固定搭配。Q3：如何才能学好代词？A3：一要构建好代词的知识网络，二要了解代词的基本用法，三要学以致用，查漏补缺。Q4：学好代词有什么意义？A4：一能提高使用语言的准确性，二能在写作中尝试使用高级句式进一步提升句子表达力。二、代词用法思维导图三、代词用法考点清单考点清单一、it的用法要点精讲1：it六种典型用法it典型场合典型示例替代it：it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。Learningisabitterroot,butitbearssweetfruit.学习根苦果甜。Iboughtachair.Itismadeofwood.我买了一把椅子。它是木头做的。Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.这个婴儿饿得啼哭。代词it:it指时间、距离、天气等。It's112milesfromLondontoBirmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。Whattimeisit?It’stwo-thirty.几点了？现在是两点半。形式it:it作形式主语、宾语，不定式、动名词或从句作真正主语Hefounditexcitingridingtherollercoaster.他觉得坐过山车很刺激。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。It'sapitythatyouhavetogososoon.很遗憾你这么快就得走了。强调it:it用在强调句it's…who/that…中强调主语，宾语或状语Itwashisparentsthatheturnedtoforadvice.他向父母寻求建议。ItwastwoyearsagothatIbegantolearndrawing.

正是在两年前我开始学习绘画。无实义it:it仅构成句型，无实义IoweittoyouthatIfinishedmyworkintime.我按时完成工作得感谢你。I'llseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime.我会确保一切按时准备好。习语it:it用于一些习惯搭配中Believeitornot,Tomgotmarriedlastweek.信不信由你汤姆上周结婚了。Wemadeittothesummitofthemountain.我们成功的登上了山顶。要点精讲2：it作形式主语/宾语的高频句型场合示例it作形式主语①Itisapity/shamethat...真可惜……②Itisnowonderthat...难怪……③Itseems/appearsthat...似乎/看来……④Itlooks/seemsasif/asthough...看起来好像……⑤Ithappensthat...碰巧……⑥Itoccursto/strikes/hitssbthat...某人突然想起……⑦Itissaid/reportedthat...据说/据报道……⑧Itiscertainthat...……是一定的⑨Itisnouse/gooddoing...做……没有用/好处⑩Ittakessbsometimetodo...做……花费某人若干时间it作形式宾语①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋it＋adj./n.＋for/ofsbtodo/that…从句②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋it＋nouse/awasteoftime＋doing...即时训练一：结合语境用适当的词填空。1.(全国2012II)Sarahmadetotheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.2.(陕西2012)Nomatterwhereheis,hemakes_____aruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.3.ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver______MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.4.I’dappreciate_________ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.5.Willyouseeto_____thatmybirdsarewelllookedafterwhileIamaway？6.___________waswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors．7.Susanmade_________cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself．8.____isimpossibleforustofinishthedesignbeforeNationalDay.9._____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.10.________isnowonderthathefailedtheexam.即时训练二：用含it句型翻译下列各句。11.____________________(我突然想到)Ihadleftmykeyathome.12.____________________(真可惜)hemissedthefirstflight.13.____________________(争吵没有用)withhim;hewillneverlisten.14.I____________________(清楚表明)hehadnothingtodowiththematter.15.____________________(在午夜)thatIgotbackhomeyesterday.【即时训练一答案】1.it2.it3.that4.it5.it6.It7.it8.It9.It10.It【即时训练二答案】11.Itoccurredtomethat12.Itisapitythat13.Itisnousearguing14.madeitclearthat15.Itwasatmidnight考点清单二、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词用法要点精讲1：类别人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性功能主语宾语、表语定语主语、表语、宾语宾语、表语、同位语第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselvesYou,heandIareindifferentclasses.你、他和我都在不同班级。Givemeachallenge,andIwillmeetitwithjoy.让我迎接挑战，我会欣然接受。Heinvitedsomefriendsofhistohisparty.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。Thechildlookedathimselfinthemirrorwithinterest.那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。要点精讲2：反身代词①基本用法反身代词eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(作宾语\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(动宾：TomtaughthimselfChinese.,汤姆自学了汉语。,介宾：Youcan’tleavethebabybyhimself.,你不能留下孩子一个人。)),作表语：Sheisnotquiteherselftoday.,她今天不在状态。,作同位语：Imyselfcanrepairthebike.,我自己能修那辆自行车。))②常见搭配场合示例与介词搭配byoneself独自地foroneself替自己；为自己ofoneself自动地inoneself本质上；本身与动词搭配applyoneselfto专心致志于behaveoneself举止得体；行为检点dressoneself打扮；自己穿衣devoteoneselfto致力于；献身于helponeselfto随便吃/用enjoyoneself玩得开心seatoneself就座；入席makeyourselfathome别客气teachoneself自学即时训练一：在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Jim’snameisontheumbrella.Itmustbelongto________(he).2.Wemustkeepreminding_________(we)thatitiseasiertogetintosomethingthanitistogetoutofit.3.Ourneighborsgave_____(we)ababybirdyesterdaythathurt______(it)whenitfellfromitsnest.4.Catherineboughtapostcardoftheplaceshewasvisiting,addressed_________to________(she)andthenposteditatthenearbypostoffice.5.Treat_________toaglassofwinetohelpyourelaxattheendoftheday.即时训练二：完成句子。6.It'stimesomebodytaughtyouhowto______________(表现得体).7.______________(随便吃)someshrimp.It'sfresh.8.Won'tyoutakeaseatand______________(别客气)?9.Youtakeeverythingtooseriously!Relaxand______________(玩得开心).10.Afterhehasretired,hewill______________(致力于)gardening.【即时训练一答案】1.him2.ourselves3.us,itself4.it,herself5.yourself【即时训练二答案】6.behaveyourself7.Helpyourselfto8.makeyourselfathome9.enjoyyourself10.devotehimselfto考点清单三、指示代词用法要点精讲：典型用法典型示例it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物--Where'syourcar?--It'sinthegarage.--你的汽车在哪儿？--在车库里。Startanewfileandputthisletterinit.建立一个新档案，把这封信放进去。that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatone.中国人口比日本多。TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofHainan.北京的天气比海南冷。those特指上文提到的复数名词ThehousesinZhengzhouarecheaperthanthoseinBeijing.郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。one泛指上文提到的可数名词，前有定语Ilostmyoldcamera;thisisanewone.我的旧相机丢了，这是一个新的。I'dlikeanapple.Areyouhavingone,too?我想买吃苹果，你也要吗？ones代替泛指的复数名词Greenapplesoftentastebetterthanredones.青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。theone特指上文提到的单数名词Thisschoolistheonewevisitedlastweek.这是我上周参观的那个学校。Ourhouseistheonenexttotheschool.我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。theones特指上文提到的复数名词Don’tbuytheexpensiveapples;buythecheaperones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。such倒装句，考虑就近一致Suchistheresultofthecontest.这就是竞赛的结果。即时训练：在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1.(全国2012II)Sarahmade______totheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.2.(浙江2012)StudyingWendy'smenu,Ifoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilarto______ofMcDonald's.3.(福建2011)Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholidays.Youcanchoose______basedonyourowninterests.4.(辽宁2009)______isthepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous.5.(山东2010)Helpingothersisahabit,_______youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.6.(重庆2011)--Sillyme!Iforgetwhatmyluggagelookslike.--Whatdoyouthinkof______overthere?7.Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilarto_______describedinthismagazine.8.MrZhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_________whohadalreadytakenthem.9.Mypenismissing.Istillhaven’tfound_________.Iwanttobuyanew_______.10.TheinformationontheInternetgetsaroundmuchmorerapidlythan________inthenewspaper.【即时训练答案】1.it2.those3.one4.Such5.one6.that7.those/theones8.those9.it,one10.that考点清单四、不定代词用法要点精讲1：each,both,all等不定代词用法典型用法典型示例each指两者或两者以上中每个Theyeachhavetheirownemailaddress.

他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。both表示“两者都”Bothhismotherandhisfatherwillbethere.

他父母二人都要去那里。all指“(三者或三者以上)全部”Allfivemenarehardworkers.

五个人全都工作努力。either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”Youcanparkoneithersideofthestreet.

这条街两边都可停车。neither表示“两者都不”Neitherofmyparentsspeaksaforeignlanguage.

我的父母都不会说外语。none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点”Wehavethreesonsbutnoneofthemlivenearby.

我们有三个儿子，但他们都不住在附近。nothing表示“没有任何东西”Thedoctorsaidtherewasnothingwrongwithme.

医生说我什么毛病也没有。another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一”Heavyrains

continued

another

three

days.

大雨持续了三天。Wouldyoulikeanotherdrink?还想喝一杯吗？other泛指“其余的”，只作定语Arethereanyotherquestions?

还有其他问题没有？others“另一些”Don't

expect

others

to

read

yourmind.

不要期望别人能看出你的心思。theother特指两者之中的另一个Heraisedonearmandthentheother.

他先举起一只手，然后举起另一只。theothers“剩余的一些”I

walked

back

while

the

others

rode

inthecar.

别人都乘车，而我是走回来的。即时训练一：结合语境用both,all,either,neither,none,nothing填空。1.Mybrotherwouldliketobuyagoodwatchbut_______wasavailablefromthatshop.(江西2012) 2.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?_______,thankyou.I'vejusthadsomewater.(辽宁2011)3.Ofallthebooksonthedesk,__________isofanyuseforourstudy.(四川2006)4.Theyproducedtworeports,______ofwhichcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.(上海2011春)5.Youmaydropinorjustgivemeacall._______willdo.(安徽2006)6.Bothteamswereinhardtraining;__________waswillingtolosethegame.7.Imadeacalltomyparentsyesterday.Tomydisappointment,_______ofthemansweredit.8.On_________side/On_______sidesoftheroadweregreenfieldsandsomefarmhouse.9.–Howdoyoufindyourclassmates?–Mostofthemarekind,but______issogoodtomeasBruce.10.Hehadlosthistemperandhishealthinthewarandneverfound_______ofthemagain．即时训练二：结合语境用something,anything,nothing,everything填空。11.(全国2017)Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith_________.12.(全国2011II)Igotthisbicyclefor_________:Myfriendgaveittomewhensheboughtanewone.13.(四川2011)Thereis_________inhiswords.Weshouldhaveatry.14.(湖南2011)Iknowthat_________wouldeverdiscouragehim;hewouldnevergiveupwantingtobeadirector.15.Shecouldn'tseeorhear_________atall.即时训练三：结合语境用other,others,another,theother,theothers填空。16.(重庆2013)Recyclingisonewaytoprotecttheenvironment;reusingis________.17.(全国2010I)I'llspendhalfofmyholidaypracticingEnglishand_________halflearningdrawing.18.(四川2008)Themanagerbelievespriceswillnotriseby__________fourpercent.19.(上海2006春)Bothsideshaveaccused_________ofbreakingthecontract.20.Itisverynecessarythatchildrenshouldbetaughthowtogetalongwith_________.21.Jackishard-workingandintelligent.In_________words,Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.22.ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,and______animals.23.Therearefivelanguagelabshere.Oneisonthesecondfloorand_________areinthethirdfloor.24.Towarmhimself,thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainst_______.25.Idon'tknowanyFrenchpeople_________thanyou.【即时训练一答案】1.none2.Neither3.none4.neither5.Either6.neither7.neither8.either/each,both9.none10.none【即时训练二答案】11.everything12.nothing13.something14.nothing15.anything【即时训练三答案】1.another2.theother3.another4.theother5.others6.other7.other8.theothers9.theother10.other要点精讲2：典型用法典型示例few修饰可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有”Thelastfewwintershavebeenverycold过去几个冬天都很冷。afew修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“几个；一些”Ihaveafewfriends,butmyyoungersisterhasveryfew.我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。little修饰不可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有”Thereislittletimeleft.几乎没剩下什么时间了。alittle修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“一点”ShecanspeakalittleFrench,butsheknowslittleEnglish.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。many修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“许多”Wedon'thaveverymanycopiesleft.我们所剩的册数不多。much修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“许多”Idon'thavemuchmoneywithme.我没带多少钱。即时训练四：结合语境用上述单词或词组的适当形式填空。1.Itrytovisitmyparents

every________weeks.

2.Hewasadvisedtosmoke________cigarettesanddrink________beer.

3.Butafterthephonecall,thejournalistpromisedtoask

________

friendstoteachhim.

4.Newdrivershave

twiceas________many

accidentsasexperienceddrivers.5.Teenagerswho

are

addicted

to

the

Internetare

________

likely

to

sufferfrom

depression.即时训练四答案：1.few2.fewer,less3.a

few4.more四、代词用法分类训练分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题）1.(2024九省联考卷)However,hebelievesthatthepracticewithfountainpenshelpsstudentstofocus,towritefaster,andtheycanfeelproudof(they).2.（2024全国甲卷）Thisarea,with66(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreservedforallpeopleofthenationtoenjoy-asanationalpark.3.（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthemtobeliftedoutofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof42(they)contents.4.（2022全国乙卷）TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening____________(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.5.（2022北京卷）Sincepeoplecan’talwayseatoutorcookfor__________(they),theygettakeoutororderdelivery.6.(2021浙江6月卷)Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionof____________(she),everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.7.(2021新高考I卷)Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”,anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin____________(I).8.(2020·新高考卷)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine__________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.9.(2019北京卷)Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto________(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.10.(2018全国III)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind________(they)alive.11.（2018浙江卷）ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap_________canbetoeatout.12.(2017浙江卷)Pahlssonscreamedsoloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“ShethoughtIhadhurt___________(I),”saysPahlsson.【参考答案】1.themselves2.its3.their4.its5.themselves6.herself7.mine8.themselves9.myself10.them11.it2.myself分类训练（二）单句改错（高考真题）1.（2023全国甲卷）Inthatclass,MissZhao,ourbiologyteacher,showedweinsectsonstamps.答案：we改为us。解析：考查代词。句意：在那节课上，我们的生物老师赵老师给我们看了邮票上的昆虫。作动词show的宾语，应用宾格us。故we改为us。2.（2023全国乙卷）LastFridaymymomdecidedtocolorhishair.答案：his改为her。解析：考查代词。句意：上周五，我妈妈决定染头发。此处指“我妈妈染她的头发”，应用代词her。故his改为her。3.（2022全国甲卷）MyfatheroftentookmetohishospitalwhenIwasoffmyschool.答案：去掉my。解析：考查短语。句意：当我不上学时，我的爸爸经常带我去他的医院。offschool为固定短语，表示“不在上学时”，school前面不加任何限定词。故去掉my。4.（2022全国甲卷）Withtheeffortsmadebyallsides,we(myfatherandI)begantounderstandeachotherbetter.答案：all改为both。解析：考查限定词。句意：在两方的努力下，我们开始更好地理解对方。结合语境可知，此处表示作者和父亲双方，用both修饰sides，表示两方，all用于三者及以上。故将all改为both。5.（2022全国乙卷）Whenyourideabicycle,youdon’tusepetrol.Sotheyarenotproducingcarbondioxideandnotcausingairpollution.答案：they改为you。解析：考查代词。句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you可知，这里假设“你”骑自行车，前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为you。6.（2021全国乙卷）Somewillturntotheirparentsorteachersforhelp.Onlyalittlechoosetodealwiththeproblemsontheirown.答案：little改为few;our改为their。解析：句意：只有一些人选择自己解决问题。结合上文“Manystudentssay...”及“Somewillturn...”可知，此处指一些学生。student为可数名词，应用afew代指。alittle通常代指不可数名词。故little改为few。短语onone’sown，意为“独自”，结合句意可知，此处指学生们独自完成，所以要用代词their。故our改为their。7.（2020全国I卷）“Notthatway,”mymomtriedtostopusbutfailed.Shewasright.Itdidn’tturnoutasIhadwished.答案：us改为me。解析：句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me。8.（2020全国I卷）BestofluckwithyourslearningkungfuinChina.Seeyousoon.答案：yours改为your。解析：bestluckofyou译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。/句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。9.（2019全国I卷）Fromnowon,Istartedtoplaymyfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.Iamagoodplayernow.答案：my去掉。解析：考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“playfootball”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。10.（2019全国III卷）Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.答案：yourselves改为themselves。解析：考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把yourselves改为themselves。分类训练（三）单句填空（模拟试题）1.ThecostofrentingahouseincentralXi’anishigherthan________inanyotherareaofthecity.2.Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems—infactfarmoreserious_______thanmobilephonesdo.3.Youaretheteamstar!Workingwith_____________isreallyyourcupoftea.4.BicyclesmadeinShanghaiarebetterthan_________madeinBeijing.5.Iwanttobuyapairofsportsshoes,_________ataproperprice,butofgoodquality.6.Wow!You’vegotsomanyclothes.But_________ofthemareinfashionnow．7.—Howmanystudentsareintheclassroom?_________.8.ToknowmoreabouttheBritishMuseum,youcanusetheInternetorgotothelibrary,or_______.9.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_____difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.10.Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwas_____ofpublichealth.【答案】1.that2.ones