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必修三Unit2MoralsandVirtues单元培优综合测试卷第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A(2024·青海西宁·三模)It’smunityDayagain!TheeventthatMapleEstateresidentsareeagerlylookingforwardtoisjustaroundthecorner!Asusual,theMapleResidents’mitteehasplannedaprogrammethatisdesignedtopromotemunityspirit.MapleEstatehasbeencelebratingmunityDayeverymonthformorethanayear.Bynow,wehopeallourresidentsunderstandtheimportanceofformingstrongbondswithourneighbours.Ifyouhavejustmovedtoourlovelyestateandhavenothadtheopportunitytoknowyourneighbours,youcandosobyjoiningatmunityDay!AugustHighlight:MapleEstateChefsCallallresidentswhoarekeentopracticeyourcookingskillsandletyourneighbourssampleyourcooking!Youwillbethestarsoftheupingevent!Visitmaplerc.sgformoreinformationandtoregisterforthisactivity.Kitchenequipmentandbasicingredientswillbeprovided.Youwillreceivea$50shoppingvoucherthatyoucanusetopurchaseotheringredientsfromMapleMartthedaybeforetheevent.Remembertoregisterbefore21July,2024!Wearesureeveryonewillenjoythedeliciousdishes!Time:From10a.m.to6p.m,6Aug.,2024Place:MaplemunityClubEntry:FlashyourMapleResidentCard“MywifeandImovedtoMapleEstatewhenwegotmarried.Forafewmonths,wespentallourfreetimeafterworkdoingupourhouse.Eventhoughweknewthatourneighbourswerefriendlyandwouldsometimesinviteusfortheirgatherings,wewereoccupiedwithgettingthingsready.However,itwasn’tlongbeforewegrewcuriousaboutthemunityDaycelebrations.Afterwestartedattendingthemregularly,wemetmanyneighbours.Thefirsttimeweinvitedsomeofthemover,weplayedgamesthathelpedustogettoknowoneanotherbetter!”—Mr.Wang,aMapleEstateresidentsince20221.WhatdothemunityDayeventsaimtodo?A.Toteachhowtocookmeals. B.Todevelopmunityspirit.C.Tomeetdiverseneedsofneighbours. D.Tomakethemunitycleaner.2.WhatdoyouhavetodoifyouwanttotakepartintheMapleEstateChefs?A.Tosignupbefore21July,2024. B.Toprovidebasicingredients.C.Touseyourownkitchenequipment. D.Topayaregistrationfeeof$50.3.Mr.andMrs.Wangdidn’tsocializewiththeirneighboursmuchatfirstbecause______.A.theyspentalltheirtimeatworkB.theyweren’tinvitedforthegatheringsC.theywerebusybeautifyingtheirhomeD.theylackedinformationaboutthemunityB(2024·湖南长沙·三模)In2009,KevinPearcewasattheheightofhisprofessionalsnowboardingcareerandboundfortheWinterOlympics.Butinaninstant,itcametoanend.Duringtraining,hestruckhisheadontheedgeofapipe,resultinginatraumatic(创伤的)braininjury.Itchangedthecourseofthethen22yearold’slife.Hehadtorelearnhowtowalkandtalkandessentiallystartover.HisolderbrotherAdamquithisjobandmovedacrossthecountrytohelphimthroughrehab.Heeventuallystarteddoingyoga,andhisfamilysawhowittransformedhimandgavehimasenseofhope:“ItwasthefirsttimeIremembersoclearlyingoutofaclasswithhimandjustseeinginhisfacethisnewexpression,thisnewperson.”AdamPearcesaid,“Wewerelike,‘Weneedtofigureoutwhyandhowthatjusthappened.’”Wantingtobringhopeandhealingtoothersthroughyogaandmeditation(冥想).AdainandKevincofoundedtheLoveYourBrainFoundationin2014.ThenonprofitoffersweeklongmeditationsandmunitybasedyogaclassesacrosstheUnitedStatesforpeoplewhoarelivingwithlongtermbrainrelateddisabilities.“Ithinkpeoplefeelisolatedafterbraininjurybecausetheydon’tfeelable,andwhenyoudon’tfeelable,yougenerallyretreatbackinside.”Adamsaid,“Attheseretreats,peoplearegiventhespacetoleanintothosedeepchallengesandexpressthemandtalkaboutthem.”Ultimately,theorganizationaimstocreateasafespaceandsupportivemunitywherepeoplewithbrainrelateddisabilitiescanhealtogether.“Connectionhappensquicklybecausethere’ssuchasharedmonunderstandingamongthegroup.”Adamsaid.“Oncesomeoneseessomeonebevulnerable,itinstantlyallowsthenextperson(tobe).Bytheend,peoplestarttoseevulnerabilityasasuperpower.”4.WhatpreventedKevinfromcareerdevelopment?A.Aseverebraincancer. B.Anewtrainingroutine.C.Adevastatingaccident. D.Asnowboardingtest..5.WhydidKevinstartdoingyoga?A.Topickupsnowboarding. B.Toregainrespect.C.Torecoverfrombraininjury. D.Tolearnhowtomeditate.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheLoveYourBrainFoundation?A.Costly. B.Ambitious. C.Diverse. D.Healing.7.Whatsectionofthewebsitemightthetextbefound?A.Natureanduniverse. B.Socialinnovations.C.Technologicaldiscoveries. D.Themagicalworld.C(2024·广东广州·三模)InSwitzerland,anambitiousproposalcouldseetheconstructionofanexpansiveundergroundnetworkthroughwhichselfdrivingpods(吊舱)wouldtransportgoodsacrossthecountry.Theproject,calledCargoSousTerrain(CST),isintendedtoreducetherelianceontrucksformovingcargo.Globaldemandforfreight(货物)transportationisgrowing,justasmuchoftheworldisseeingashortageoftruckdrivers.Meanwhile,higherfuelpriceshavemaderoadtransportationmoreexpensive,whiletransportingfreightbyroadaccountsforaround6%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.Ifbuilt,thenetworkwouldstretchroughly500kilometersfromGenevainthewestofSwitzerlandtoSt.Galleninthenortheast,andbepletedaround2045.Thenetworkoftunnelswillbe40to80metersbelowgroundandtheautonomouspodswilldrivealongthreelanesataround30kilometersperhour.Andthecargowillbeloadedandunloadedatdesignatedhubs(枢纽)employingliftstotakegoodstoandfromthesurface.TheprojectwasapprovedbytheSwissgovernmentin2021.Althoughthere’salongwaytogobeforeconstructioncanbegin,earlierin2023CSTbeganitspreliminaryworkinthefield—exploratorydrillingalongtheHärkingenNiederbipproute.ThebiggestchallengeforCSTwillbetheexpense.CSTestimatesthatitwillcostaround30billionSwissFrancs($34billion)fortheentirenetwork.Theprojectwillbeentirelyprivatelyfunded,withinvestorsincludingCreditSuisse,Coop,andSiemens.Althoughahugeamountoffundingstillneedstobefound,muchofthetechnologyfortheautomationandoperationofthenetworkalreadyexists.Anotherkeychallengeisworkingouthowtotransportfreightabovegroundfromthetunnelstostoresincities—withoutaddingtoroadtraffic.Despiteallthehurdles,PatrikAellig,headofmunicationforCST,remainsoptimistic.CSTis“attheforefront”ofundergroundfreighttransport.8.WhatmainlyledtotheprojectCST?A.Expensivetruckdrivers. B.Seriousshortageoffuel.C.Environmentalconcern. D.Heavyfreighttransportation.9.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A.Topresentthewaythenetworkwillwork. B.Toprovideablueprintofthenetwork.C.Toprovetheefficiencyofthenetwork. D.Toshowtheadvancementofthenetwork.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preliminary”meaninparagraph4?A.Innovative. B.Significant. C.Preparatory. D.Constructive.11.WhatisagreatchallengeforCST?A.Absenceoffund. B.Lackoftechnology.C.Lastmiledelivery. D.Transportsafety.D(2024·河南信阳·模拟预测)Researchersaretrainingrobotstoperformanevergrowingnumberoftasksthroughtrialanderrorreinforcement(强化)learning,whichisoftenlaboriousandtimeconsuming.Tohelpout,humansarenowemployinglargelanguagemodel(LLM)AI.AteamatNVIDIAResearchdirectedanAIprotocol(协议)poweredbyOpenAI’sGPT4toteachasimulation(模拟)ofarobotichandnearly30plextasks,includingthrowingaball,pushingblocks,pressingswitches,andsomeotherseriouslyimpressiveabilities.NVIDIA’snew“AIagent”EurekausesGPT4byaskingthelargelanguagemodeltowriteitsownrewardbasedreinforcementlearningsoftwarecode.Accordingtothepany,Eurekadoesn’tneedplicatedremindersorevenprewrittenpatterns;instead,itsimplybeginsexperimentingwithaprogram,andthenfollowsanyexternalhumanfeedback.Inthepany’sannouncement,Linxi“Jim”Fan,aseniorresearchscientistatNVIDIA,describedEurekaasauniquebinationofLLMsandsimulationprogramming.“WebelievethatEurekawillenablerobotstocontrolitemsflexiblyandprovideanewwaytoproducephysicallyrealisticanimationsforartists,”Fanadded.Aftertestingitstrainingprotocolwithinanadvancedsimulationprogram,EurekathenanalyzesitscollecteddataanddirectstheLLMtofurtherimproveuponitsdesign.Theresultisaprotocolcapableofsuccessfullynumberingavarietyofrobotichanddesignstooperatescissors,turnpensandopencupboardswithinaphysicsaccuratesimulatedenvironment.Eureka’salternativestohumanwrittentrialanderrorlearningprogramsaren’tjusteffective—inmostcases,they’reactuallybetterthanthoseauthoredbyhumans.Intheteam’sopensourceresearchpaperfindings,Eurekadesignedrewardprogramsoutperformedhumans’codeinover80percentofthetasks—amountingtoanaverageperformanceimprovementofover50percentintheroboticsimulations.“Reinforcementlearninghascontributedtoimpressivewinsoverthelastdecade,yetmanychallengesstillexist,suchasrewarddesign,whichremainsatrialanderrorprocess,”saidAnimaAnandkumar,anAIresearcher.“Eurekaisthefirststeptowarddevelopingnewalgorithms(算法)thatintegrategenerativeandreinforcementlearningmethodstosolvehardtasks.”12.WhyisAIusedforthetraining?A.Tosimplifyrobots’tasks. B.ToadvertiseOpenAI’sGPT4.C.Tospeedupthetrainingprocess. D.Torecognizeartists’roleinartcreation.13.WhatdoesEurekaneedtodointhetraining?A.Designrewardprograms. B.Copyprewrittenpatterns.C.Getplicatedreminders. D.Avoidhumanintervention.14.HowdoesAnimaAnandkumarfindEureka?A.Itisstillpoorattherewarddesign. B.Itshouldlearnfromhardtasks.C.Ithasfewchallengestosolve. D.Itisofpioneeringsignificance.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Trialanderrorlearningprogramsarepromising.B.Robotscanfinishplextasksthroughlearning.C.Reinforcementlearningimprovesroboticsimulations.D.AIcanbetterteachasimulatedrobotichandtoperformtasks.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2024·辽宁·模拟预测)It’snormalforteenagerstofeelnervous,butifnervousnesspreventsyoufromspeakingupinclassormakingfriends,youmayhaveamonconditionknownassocialanxietydisorder.Toovereit,youneedtotakesomemeasures.Practicedeepbreathingtoeaseanxiety.Ifanxietyhitsbeforeapresentationorrightbeforethebellringstochange,takeafewdeepbreathstocalmdown.16Trytomakeeyecontactandsmileatpeople.Makingcasualconversationwithotherkidsatschoolmayseemtoodifficult.17Brieflymakingeyecontactandflashingasmilehelpsyouseemcool,sotheymayeupandtalktoyou.Channelyouranxietyintoacreativeactivity.18Theseactivitiesnotonlybringaboutpositiveselfworth,butthey’llalsotemporarilytakeyouawayfromworries.What’smore,creativeactivitiesalsoallowyoutoreleaseanxietyandturnitintosomethingspecial,likeasongorapainting.19Ifyouhavefriendsorsiblings(兄弟姐妹)yourage,considertalkingtothemaboutsocialanxiety.Sharesomeofyourfearsandaskthemforsupport.Forexample,youmightaskyoursiblingifit’sokaytositwiththematlunchsoyou’renoteatingalone.Practiceexposingyourselftofearsomesituationsgradually.20Makeaplantoexposeyourselftothesesituations,startingwiththosecausingtheleastanxiety.Forexample,youmightstartexposingyourselftoeatinginmonareasatschool.A.Signupforaband,drama,orart.B.Talktotrustedonesandaskfortheirhelp.C.Thus,avoidfacetofacemunicationatfirst.D.Youcan’texpecttobefreeofanxietyovernight.E.Youcanstartbytryingtopresentyourselfasapproachable.F.Sitdownwithatrustedpersonandlistthesituationsthatcauseanxiety.G.Thisisahandytoolyoucanalwaysusetogetahandleonyouranxiety.第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。(2024·湖北襄阳·三模)Iwas68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastandupedianin2003.I'dneversetfootin21before.I'vealwaysbeena(n)22—I'veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician—butallthatcametoanendafter9/11.IliveinNewYork,andwewatchedthe23towersfallfrommyapartmentbuilding.Forayearafterwards,nobodywantedtogooutorbe24.ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkabout.edy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittle25Icoulddoit.Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine,andfinally26thecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.Ihadnoideawhattheaudiencewould27ofme.InNewYork,ediansare28youngmenwithbeards.It'shardenoughto29throughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother.AsIsteppedonstagethatfirsttime,peoplelaughednervously.Theywereclearly30toseeme.Iintroducedmyself,statedmyageandtriedmyfirstjoke.Therewas31ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.Iwas32.Nowmysetsdiffer.Imightbeonstagefor10minutesinfrontofadozenpeople,ormyonewomanshowisafullhourinfrontofacrowdof100.Afterashow,peopleyoungandoldeuptome,sayingwhata(n)33Iam,Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasmewhenthey34myage,I'mpleasedIcanshowthatasanolderpersonyoudon'tneedtotakea35seatinlife.21.A.edy B.tragedy C.drama D.mime22.A.audience B.performer C.worker D.producer23.A.modern B.beautiful C.grand D.picturesque24.A.entertained B.seen C.active D.public25.A.exercise B.practice C.training D.meditation26.A.heldon B.gottogether C.tookup D.pluckedup27.A.make B.bee C.approve D.allow28.A.exclusively B.typically C.rarely D.occasionally29.A.pull B.see C.get D.break30.A.amused B.expected C.surprised D.indifferent31.A.silence B.hesitation C.disbelief D.applause32.A.bored B.addicted C.disinterested D.unexpected33.A.reminder B.motivatione C.challenge D.inspiration34.A.reach B.arrive C.approach D.surpass35.A.dominant B.leading C.back D.passive第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)(2024·山东济南·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Larou,orpreservedmeat,isawinterseasonspecialtyinChina.Theyarecustomarilymadeduringthelastlunarmonthonthe36(tradition)Chinesecalendarwhenthetemperatureiscool37notfreezingtodryandpreservethesestaples.Larou,generallyreferstoporkproductswhileothercuredmeat,lawei,ismadeacrossChina38(depend)onlocalavailability,usinggoose,duck,rabbit,andevenseafood.Thepreservedmeat39(consider)aformofculturalheritageinmanyplaces.Similartobacon,theChinesepreservedmeatismadewithlargequantitiesofsalt,someof40aresmokedoverwithfire41(achieve)moreflavor.TherearemanykindsofpreservedmeatinChinawith42(incredible)diverseingredientsandrecipes,bringingawiderangeofflavorsfromsweettohot.Eachregionhasitsownseasoningandflavorprofile.TheCantonese43(vary)issweet,flavoredwithsugar,ricewine,andsoysauce.InSichuan,ittendstobehotter,seasonedwithchilipepperandSichuanpepperpowder.Bothofthemaregreatchoices44ingredientsfordisheslikefriedriceandvegetablestirfry.CuredpoultryproductsaremonlyfoundinSouthChina.Theyareslaughtered,butchered,andrubbedwithalcoholbeforesalting,which45(dry)outthemeatandpreventsbacteriagrowingonit.第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)(2024·广东广州·模拟预测)英国一所友好学校的师生将到你校访问。你将作为学生代表在欢迎晚会上致辞,并赠送学生们自制的文创礼物。请你用英语写一篇欢迎辞,包括以下内容:1.表示欢迎;2.介绍礼物。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Goodevening,dearfriends!…_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分)(2024·广东广州·模拟预测)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。AnInsignificantTaskThedaywhenthejobswerehandedoutwasoneofthemostexcitingforallthechildrenintheclass.Ittookplaceduringthefirstweekoftheterm.Onthatday,everyboyandgirlwasgivenajobforwhichtheywouldberesponsiblefortherestofthatschoolyear.Aswitheverything,somejobsweremoreinterestingthanothers,andthechildrenwereeagertobegivenoneofthebestones.Whengivingthemout,theteachertookintoaccountwhichpupilshadbeenmostresponsibleduringthepreviousyear,andthosechildrenweretheoneswhomostlookedforwardtothisday.Amongthem,Ritastoodout.Shewasakindandquietgirl.Duringthepreviousyearshehadcarriedouttheteacher’sinstructionsperfectly.AllthechildrenknewRitawasthefavouritetob

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