必修三Unit2MoralsandVirtues单元培优综合测试卷（原卷版）

必修三Unit2MoralsandVirtues单元培优综合测试卷第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2024·青海西宁·三模）It’smunityDayagain!TheeventthatMapleEstateresidentsareeagerlylookingforwardtoisjustaroundthecorner!Asusual,theMapleResidents’mitteehasplannedaprogrammethatisdesignedtopromotemunityspirit.MapleEstatehasbeencelebratingmunityDayeverymonthformorethanayear.Bynow,wehopeallourresidentsunderstandtheimportanceofformingstrongbondswithourneighbours.Ifyouhavejustmovedtoourlovelyestateandhavenothadtheopportunitytoknowyourneighbours,youcandosobyjoiningatmunityDay!AugustHighlight:MapleEstateChefsCallallresidentswhoarekeentopracticeyourcookingskillsandletyourneighbourssampleyourcooking!Youwillbethestarsoftheupingevent!Visitmaplerc.sgformoreinformationandtoregisterforthisactivity.Kitchenequipmentandbasicingredientswillbeprovided.Youwillreceivea$50shoppingvoucherthatyoucanusetopurchaseotheringredientsfromMapleMartthedaybeforetheevent.Remembertoregisterbefore21July,2024!Wearesureeveryonewillenjoythedeliciousdishes!Time:From10a.m.to6p.m,6Aug.,2024Place:MaplemunityClubEntry:FlashyourMapleResidentCard“MywifeandImovedtoMapleEstatewhenwegotmarried.Forafewmonths,wespentallourfreetimeafterworkdoingupourhouse.Eventhoughweknewthatourneighbourswerefriendlyandwouldsometimesinviteusfortheirgatherings,wewereoccupiedwithgettingthingsready.However,itwasn’tlongbeforewegrewcuriousaboutthemunityDaycelebrations.Afterwestartedattendingthemregularly,wemetmanyneighbours.Thefirsttimeweinvitedsomeofthemover,weplayedgamesthathelpedustogettoknowoneanotherbetter!”—Mr.Wang,aMapleEstateresidentsince20221．WhatdothemunityDayeventsaimtodo?A．Toteachhowtocookmeals. B．Todevelopmunityspirit.C．Tomeetdiverseneedsofneighbours. D．Tomakethemunitycleaner.2．WhatdoyouhavetodoifyouwanttotakepartintheMapleEstateChefs?A．Tosignupbefore21July,2024. B．Toprovidebasicingredients.C．Touseyourownkitchenequipment. D．Topayaregistrationfeeof$50.3．Mr.andMrs.Wangdidn’tsocializewiththeirneighboursmuchatfirstbecause______.A．theyspentalltheirtimeatworkB．theyweren’tinvitedforthegatheringsC．theywerebusybeautifyingtheirhomeD．theylackedinformationaboutthemunityB（2024·湖南长沙·三模）In2009,KevinPearcewasattheheightofhisprofessionalsnowboardingcareerandboundfortheWinterOlympics.Butinaninstant,itcametoanend.Duringtraining,hestruckhisheadontheedgeofapipe,resultinginatraumatic(创伤的)braininjury.Itchangedthecourseofthethen22yearold’slife.Hehadtorelearnhowtowalkandtalkandessentiallystartover.HisolderbrotherAdamquithisjobandmovedacrossthecountrytohelphimthroughrehab.Heeventuallystarteddoingyoga,andhisfamilysawhowittransformedhimandgavehimasenseofhope:“ItwasthefirsttimeIremembersoclearlyingoutofaclasswithhimandjustseeinginhisfacethisnewexpression,thisnewperson.”AdamPearcesaid,“Wewerelike,‘Weneedtofigureoutwhyandhowthatjusthappened.’”Wantingtobringhopeandhealingtoothersthroughyogaandmeditation(冥想).AdainandKevincofoundedtheLoveYourBrainFoundationin2014.ThenonprofitoffersweeklongmeditationsandmunitybasedyogaclassesacrosstheUnitedStatesforpeoplewhoarelivingwithlongtermbrainrelateddisabilities.“Ithinkpeoplefeelisolatedafterbraininjurybecausetheydon’tfeelable,andwhenyoudon’tfeelable,yougenerallyretreatbackinside.”Adamsaid,“Attheseretreats,peoplearegiventhespacetoleanintothosedeepchallengesandexpressthemandtalkaboutthem.”Ultimately,theorganizationaimstocreateasafespaceandsupportivemunitywherepeoplewithbrainrelateddisabilitiescanhealtogether.“Connectionhappensquicklybecausethere’ssuchasharedmonunderstandingamongthegroup.”Adamsaid.“Oncesomeoneseessomeonebevulnerable,itinstantlyallowsthenextperson(tobe).Bytheend,peoplestarttoseevulnerabilityasasuperpower.”4．WhatpreventedKevinfromcareerdevelopment?A．Aseverebraincancer. B．Anewtrainingroutine.C．Adevastatingaccident. D．Asnowboardingtest..5．WhydidKevinstartdoingyoga?A．Topickupsnowboarding. B．Toregainrespect.C．Torecoverfrombraininjury. D．Tolearnhowtomeditate.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheLoveYourBrainFoundation?A．Costly. B．Ambitious. C．Diverse. D．Healing.7．Whatsectionofthewebsitemightthetextbefound?A．Natureanduniverse. B．Socialinnovations.C．Technologicaldiscoveries. D．Themagicalworld.C（2024·广东广州·三模）InSwitzerland,anambitiousproposalcouldseetheconstructionofanexpansiveundergroundnetworkthroughwhichselfdrivingpods(吊舱)wouldtransportgoodsacrossthecountry.Theproject,calledCargoSousTerrain(CST),isintendedtoreducetherelianceontrucksformovingcargo.Globaldemandforfreight(货物)transportationisgrowing,justasmuchoftheworldisseeingashortageoftruckdrivers.Meanwhile,higherfuelpriceshavemaderoadtransportationmoreexpensive,whiletransportingfreightbyroadaccountsforaround6%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.Ifbuilt,thenetworkwouldstretchroughly500kilometersfromGenevainthewestofSwitzerlandtoSt.Galleninthenortheast,andbepletedaround2045.Thenetworkoftunnelswillbe40to80metersbelowgroundandtheautonomouspodswilldrivealongthreelanesataround30kilometersperhour.Andthecargowillbeloadedandunloadedatdesignatedhubs(枢纽)employingliftstotakegoodstoandfromthesurface.TheprojectwasapprovedbytheSwissgovernmentin2021.Althoughthere’salongwaytogobeforeconstructioncanbegin,earlierin2023CSTbeganitspreliminaryworkinthefield—exploratorydrillingalongtheHärkingenNiederbipproute.ThebiggestchallengeforCSTwillbetheexpense.CSTestimatesthatitwillcostaround30billionSwissFrancs($34billion)fortheentirenetwork.Theprojectwillbeentirelyprivatelyfunded,withinvestorsincludingCreditSuisse,Coop,andSiemens.Althoughahugeamountoffundingstillneedstobefound,muchofthetechnologyfortheautomationandoperationofthenetworkalreadyexists.Anotherkeychallengeisworkingouthowtotransportfreightabovegroundfromthetunnelstostoresincities—withoutaddingtoroadtraffic.Despiteallthehurdles,PatrikAellig,headofmunicationforCST,remainsoptimistic.CSTis“attheforefront”ofundergroundfreighttransport.8．WhatmainlyledtotheprojectCST?A．Expensivetruckdrivers. B．Seriousshortageoffuel.C．Environmentalconcern. D．Heavyfreighttransportation.9．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A．Topresentthewaythenetworkwillwork. B．Toprovideablueprintofthenetwork.C．Toprovetheefficiencyofthenetwork. D．Toshowtheadvancementofthenetwork.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preliminary”meaninparagraph4?A．Innovative. B．Significant. C．Preparatory. D．Constructive.11．WhatisagreatchallengeforCST?A．Absenceoffund. B．Lackoftechnology.C．Lastmiledelivery. D．Transportsafety.D（2024·河南信阳·模拟预测）Researchersaretrainingrobotstoperformanevergrowingnumberoftasksthroughtrialanderrorreinforcement(强化)learning,whichisoftenlaboriousandtimeconsuming.Tohelpout,humansarenowemployinglargelanguagemodel(LLM)AI.AteamatNVIDIAResearchdirectedanAIprotocol(协议)poweredbyOpenAI’sGPT4toteachasimulation(模拟)ofarobotichandnearly30plextasks,includingthrowingaball,pushingblocks,pressingswitches,andsomeotherseriouslyimpressiveabilities.NVIDIA’snew“AIagent”EurekausesGPT4byaskingthelargelanguagemodeltowriteitsownrewardbasedreinforcementlearningsoftwarecode.Accordingtothepany,Eurekadoesn’tneedplicatedremindersorevenprewrittenpatterns;instead,itsimplybeginsexperimentingwithaprogram,andthenfollowsanyexternalhumanfeedback.Inthepany’sannouncement,Linxi“Jim”Fan,aseniorresearchscientistatNVIDIA,describedEurekaasauniquebinationofLLMsandsimulationprogramming.“WebelievethatEurekawillenablerobotstocontrolitemsflexiblyandprovideanewwaytoproducephysicallyrealisticanimationsforartists,”Fanadded.Aftertestingitstrainingprotocolwithinanadvancedsimulationprogram,EurekathenanalyzesitscollecteddataanddirectstheLLMtofurtherimproveuponitsdesign.Theresultisaprotocolcapableofsuccessfullynumberingavarietyofrobotichanddesignstooperatescissors,turnpensandopencupboardswithinaphysicsaccuratesimulatedenvironment.Eureka’salternativestohumanwrittentrialanderrorlearningprogramsaren’tjusteffective—inmostcases,they’reactuallybetterthanthoseauthoredbyhumans.Intheteam’sopensourceresearchpaperfindings,Eurekadesignedrewardprogramsoutperformedhumans’codeinover80percentofthetasks—amountingtoanaverageperformanceimprovementofover50percentintheroboticsimulations.“Reinforcementlearninghascontributedtoimpressivewinsoverthelastdecade,yetmanychallengesstillexist,suchasrewarddesign,whichremainsatrialanderrorprocess,”saidAnimaAnandkumar,anAIresearcher.“Eurekaisthefirststeptowarddevelopingnewalgorithms(算法)thatintegrategenerativeandreinforcementlearningmethodstosolvehardtasks.”12．WhyisAIusedforthetraining?A．Tosimplifyrobots’tasks. B．ToadvertiseOpenAI’sGPT4.C．Tospeedupthetrainingprocess. D．Torecognizeartists’roleinartcreation.13．WhatdoesEurekaneedtodointhetraining?A．Designrewardprograms. B．Copyprewrittenpatterns.C．Getplicatedreminders. D．Avoidhumanintervention.14．HowdoesAnimaAnandkumarfindEureka?A．Itisstillpoorattherewarddesign. B．Itshouldlearnfromhardtasks.C．Ithasfewchallengestosolve. D．Itisofpioneeringsignificance.15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Trialanderrorlearningprogramsarepromising.B．Robotscanfinishplextasksthroughlearning.C．Reinforcementlearningimprovesroboticsimulations.D．AIcanbetterteachasimulatedrobotichandtoperformtasks.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）It’snormalforteenagerstofeelnervous,butifnervousnesspreventsyoufromspeakingupinclassormakingfriends,youmayhaveamonconditionknownassocialanxietydisorder.Toovereit,youneedtotakesomemeasures.Practicedeepbreathingtoeaseanxiety.Ifanxietyhitsbeforeapresentationorrightbeforethebellringstochange,takeafewdeepbreathstocalmdown.16Trytomakeeyecontactandsmileatpeople.Makingcasualconversationwithotherkidsatschoolmayseemtoodifficult.17Brieflymakingeyecontactandflashingasmilehelpsyouseemcool,sotheymayeupandtalktoyou.Channelyouranxietyintoacreativeactivity.18Theseactivitiesnotonlybringaboutpositiveselfworth,butthey’llalsotemporarilytakeyouawayfromworries.What’smore,creativeactivitiesalsoallowyoutoreleaseanxietyandturnitintosomethingspecial,likeasongorapainting.19Ifyouhavefriendsorsiblings(兄弟姐妹)yourage,considertalkingtothemaboutsocialanxiety.Sharesomeofyourfearsandaskthemforsupport.Forexample,youmightaskyoursiblingifit’sokaytositwiththematlunchsoyou’renoteatingalone.Practiceexposingyourselftofearsomesituationsgradually.20Makeaplantoexposeyourselftothesesituations,startingwiththosecausingtheleastanxiety.Forexample,youmightstartexposingyourselftoeatinginmonareasatschool.A．Signupforaband,drama,orart.B．Talktotrustedonesandaskfortheirhelp.C．Thus,avoidfacetofacemunicationatfirst.D．Youcan’texpecttobefreeofanxietyovernight.E．Youcanstartbytryingtopresentyourselfasapproachable.F．Sitdownwithatrustedpersonandlistthesituationsthatcauseanxiety.G．Thisisahandytoolyoucanalwaysusetogetahandleonyouranxiety.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2024·湖北襄阳·三模）Iwas68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastandupedianin2003.I'dneversetfootin21before.I'vealwaysbeena(n)22—I'veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician—butallthatcametoanendafter9/11.IliveinNewYork,andwewatchedthe23towersfallfrommyapartmentbuilding.Forayearafterwards,nobodywantedtogooutorbe24.ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkabout.edy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittle25Icoulddoit.Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine,andfinally26thecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.Ihadnoideawhattheaudiencewould27ofme.InNewYork,ediansare28youngmenwithbeards.It'shardenoughto29throughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother.AsIsteppedonstagethatfirsttime,peoplelaughednervously.Theywereclearly30toseeme.Iintroducedmyself,statedmyageandtriedmyfirstjoke.Therewas31ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.Iwas32.Nowmysetsdiffer.Imightbeonstagefor10minutesinfrontofadozenpeople,ormyonewomanshowisafullhourinfrontofacrowdof100.Afterashow,peopleyoungandoldeuptome,sayingwhata(n)33Iam,Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasmewhenthey34myage,I'mpleasedIcanshowthatasanolderpersonyoudon'tneedtotakea35seatinlife.21．A．edy B．tragedy C．drama D．mime22．A．audience B．performer C．worker D．producer23．A．modern B．beautiful C．grand D．picturesque24．A．entertained B．seen C．active D．public25．A．exercise B．practice C．training D．meditation26．A．heldon B．gottogether C．tookup D．pluckedup27．A．make B．bee C．approve D．allow28．A．exclusively B．typically C．rarely D．occasionally29．A．pull B．see C．get D．break30．A．amused B．expected C．surprised D．indifferent31．A．silence B．hesitation C．disbelief D．applause32．A．bored B．addicted C．disinterested D．unexpected33．A．reminder B．motivatione C．challenge D．inspiration34．A．reach B．arrive C．approach D．surpass35．A．dominant B．leading C．back D．passive第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)（2024·山东济南·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Larou,orpreservedmeat,isawinterseasonspecialtyinChina.Theyarecustomarilymadeduringthelastlunarmonthonthe36(tradition)Chinesecalendarwhenthetemperatureiscool37notfreezingtodryandpreservethesestaples.Larou,generallyreferstoporkproductswhileothercuredmeat,lawei,ismadeacrossChina38(depend)onlocalavailability,usinggoose,duck,rabbit,andevenseafood.Thepreservedmeat39(consider)aformofculturalheritageinmanyplaces.Similartobacon,theChinesepreservedmeatismadewithlargequantitiesofsalt,someof40aresmokedoverwithfire41(achieve)moreflavor.TherearemanykindsofpreservedmeatinChinawith42(incredible)diverseingredientsandrecipes,bringingawiderangeofflavorsfromsweettohot.Eachregionhasitsownseasoningandflavorprofile.TheCantonese43(vary)issweet,flavoredwithsugar,ricewine,andsoysauce.InSichuan,ittendstobehotter,seasonedwithchilipepperandSichuanpepperpowder.Bothofthemaregreatchoices44ingredientsfordisheslikefriedriceandvegetablestirfry.CuredpoultryproductsaremonlyfoundinSouthChina.Theyareslaughtered,butchered,andrubbedwithalcoholbeforesalting,which45(dry)outthemeatandpreventsbacteriagrowingonit.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)（2024·广东广州·模拟预测）英国一所友好学校的师生将到你校访问。你将作为学生代表在欢迎晚会上致辞，并赠送学生们自制的文创礼物。请你用英语写一篇欢迎辞，包括以下内容：1．表示欢迎；2．介绍礼物。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Goodevening,dearfriends!…_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分)（2024·广东广州·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。AnInsignificantTaskThedaywhenthejobswerehandedoutwasoneofthemostexcitingforallthechildrenintheclass.Ittookplaceduringthefirstweekoftheterm.Onthatday,everyboyandgirlwasgivenajobforwhichtheywouldberesponsiblefortherestofthatschoolyear.Aswitheverything,somejobsweremoreinterestingthanothers,andthechildrenwereeagertobegivenoneofthebestones.Whengivingthemout,theteachertookintoaccountwhichpupilshadbeenmostresponsibleduringthepreviousyear,andthosechildrenweretheoneswhomostlookedforwardtothisday.Amongthem,Ritastoodout.Shewasakindandquietgirl.Duringthepreviousyearshehadcarriedouttheteacher’sinstructionsperfectly.AllthechildrenknewRitawasthefavouritetob