Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldGrammarandUsage课件高中英语译林版（2020）2

Verb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplementsBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:understandthemeaningofverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplements;summarizethegrammaticalrulesofverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplements;useverb-edforms,verb-ingformsandto-infinitivestoorganizeaparagraphbasedonthenotesgiven.Task1.Revision定语1.Thepeopletalkingtherearemyfriends.2.Doyouknowanythingaboutthenewfilmbeingshot3.Thisisanamazingachievement.前置、后置Tellwhatfunctionsthefollowing“verb-ing”formsworkas.1.Isawhimplayingfootballontheplayground.

2.Someoneobservedthethiefentering

thebank.3.IheardTomsingingthesong.4.I’llgetthecarrunning.宾语补足语1.Thevolcanoerupted,destroyingthecityofPompeii.2.Havingabadcold,Tomdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.3.Walkingalongthestreet,Isawanoldfriend.4.Turningtotheleft,you’llseetheshop.5.Hesatinthesofa,readingabook.6.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.7.Heearnsalivingdrivingataxi.状语结果状语原因状语时间状语条件状语伴随状语让步状语方式状语Task2.Leadin1.Recalltheformsofpastparticiple.过去分词的基本形式你知道吗？那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加-ed形式构成，因此又叫动词的-ed形式。V+-eddrovefoughtranforgotforgottenbecameblewdealtdrewmistookcaughtshranksangdrunkflew思考：什么是过去分词？示例一般过去过去分词规则/不规则divediveddived规则fetchfetchedfetched规则swellswelledswollen不规则seesawseen不规则过去分词______________表被动/完成TheLittleMatchGirl2.Readthefollowingstoryandpayattentiontothewordsinred.Itwassnowingandverycoldoutside.Alittlegirlwaswalkinginthestreet,sellingmatches.Shedidn’twearanyshoesbecauseshehadhershoes_____(lose).lostShewishedallhermatches

(sell)butnobodyboughtasingleone.soldShewassocoldthatshesatinacornerwithherlegs

__________.

(huddleup蜷缩在一起)huddledupShelitamatchandsawaChristmastree________

(decorate)withmanygifts.decoratedThe______(light)match

wasburningbrightlyandsheseemedvery

delighted.lightedShelitanothermatchandsawhergrandmother.________(take)byhergrandmother,thelittlegirlflewinbrightnessandinjoy.TakenThenextday,peoplesawthegirl_______(freeze)todeath.Whatapoorgirl!frozen1.Shedidn’twearanyshoesbecauseshehadhershoeslost.2.Shewishedallhermatchessoldbutnobodyboughtasingleone.3.Shewassocoldthatshesatinacornerwithherlegshuddledup.4.ShelitamatchandsawaChristmastreedecoratedwithmanygifts.5.Thelightedmatchwasburningbrightlyandsheseemedverydelighted.6.Shelitanothermatchandsawhergrandmother.Takenbyhergrandmother,thelittlegirlflewinbrightnessandinjoy.7.Thenextday,peoplesawthegirlfrozentodeath.Whatapoorgirl!宾补宾补宾补定语定语状语Whatfunctionsdothewordsinredworkas宾补verb-edformsasattributive

过去分词作定语01acloseddoorapollutedriverabrokenwindowFindouttherules:归纳1：单个过去分词作定语放于其修饰的名词之____。前aninjuredplayer归纳2：过去分词短语作定语时，一般置于其修饰的名词之____，其作用相当于一个_________。定语从句后1)It’sapicture_______________

paintedbyLeonardodaVinci.apicturepaintedbyLeonardodaVincithat/whichwas2)Thelady____________

dressedinwhiteisafamousstar.aladydressedinwhitethat/who

isa.及物动词的-ed形式作定语,一般兼有被动和完成的意义。b.不及物动词的-ed形式作定语,有主动和完成意义。①agrownwoman一位成年妇女②anescapedprisoner一名逃犯①abrokencup一个破杯子②awoundedsoldier一名伤员注意1.thefallenleavesthefallingleaves2.V-ing

表动作正在进行,V-ed

表动作已经完成。theboiledwater正在沸腾的水烧开过的水theboilingwater正在升起的太阳therisingsun已经升起的太阳therisensun3.某些动词的过去分词已成为形容词，这类形容词多用来表示人物的心理特征或感情变化。常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed、moved、interested、surprised、shocked、puzzled、excited、frightened、worried、pleased等

常常修饰人以及look、expression、voice、smile等

1.Thefrightened

babykeptcrying.2.Fromhisexcited

look,Iknowhepassedtheexamination.Summary1.

过去分词可用作______，修饰___________。2.单个分词通常放所修饰词_____；分词短语放在所修饰词______；其作用相当于一个_________。3.（及物动词）的-ed形式作定语表__________

或（不及物动词）完成。4.某些动词的过去分词已成为形容词，这类形容词常常修饰_____以及_______________________________等。定语名词或代词之前定语从句之后被动、完成人look、expression、voice、smile过去分词强调动作___________,不定式强调动作_____________,现在分词强调动作_________________。被动，完成被动，将来被动,进行Doandcompare过去分词（done）、现在分词的被动形式（beingdone)和不定式的被动形式（tobedone)做定语的区别Thebuildingbuilt

lastyearisourclassroombuilding．Thebuildingbeingbuilt

nowisourclassroombuilding．Thebuildingtobebuilt

nextmonthisourclassroombuilding．However,alotofyoungpeopleconsiderhimasatruehero.Someyoungpeoplehadtheirhair_____likehim.Hiscruelbehaviorevenhadsomanypeople________(沉迷其中).cutaddicted(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①The____________(excite)peoplerushedintothebuilding.②Ihavereadplentyofbooks______(write)byLuXun.③Allthe____________(break)windowshavebeenrepaired.④Sheaskediftherewasanything_______(leave).(2)补全句子⑤Ourclasswenton___________________lastMonday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。⑥Theplayers_______________________________areexpectedtobringushonourinthissummergame.人们期待这些从全国选拔出来的运动员在此次夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣誉。excitedwrittenbrokenanorganizedtripselected

from

the

whole

countryleftverb-edformsasadverbials

过去分词作状语02Whenwater

isheated,waterturnsintosteam.=heated,waterturnsintosteam.

When过去分词作时间状语1.过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词

“when,while,after”

等，使其时间意义更明确。

动词-ed形式（短语）作状语时，前面可以加一个连词，使动词-ed形式（短语）所表示的时间、让步、条件等关系更清楚。这类连词包括although,if,once,though,when,while,whenever,unless,asif,eventhough等。相当于状语从句的省略。Becausehewasexhausted,hefellfastasleep.=exhausted,hefellfastasleep.BecauseExhausted过去分词作原因状语2.过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since,because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。IfIamgivenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.=givenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.If过去分词作条件状语3.过去分词作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if,once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。Althoughhewas

laughedatbyothers,hestillsmilesatlife.=laughedatbyothers,hestillsmilesatlife.Although过去分词作让步状语4.过去分词作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。Theteacherwentintotheclassroom,andshewasfollowedbyseveralstudents.=Theteacherwentintotheclassroom,followedbyseveralstudents.过去分词作方式或伴随状语5.过去分词作方式/伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。对比：

Theteacherwentintotheclassroom,

following

severalstudents.

[注意]有些动词-ed形式因为来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动而表示状态。这样的动词-ed形式及短语常见的有:seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(驻扎);lost/absorbed

in(沉溺于);located(坐落于);dressed

in(穿着);tired

of(厌烦)等。如:Lostin

this

beautiful

town,

he

hates

to

leave

it.沉溺于这个美丽的小镇,他不愿离开它。可以总结为be+ed-adj构成的短语做状语，用ed-adj表示主语的状态。________(raise)inthepoorestareaofIndia,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomeafootballstar.Children,when________________(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.___________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart._____________(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.RaisedaccompaniedFoundedTranslatedverb-edformsasobjectcomplements

过去分词作宾语补足语03带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+直接宾语（名词或代词）+宾语补足语Everyonecallshim(宾语)(宾补)(主语)(谓语)Tom.概念：什么是宾语补足语？宾语补足语一般放在宾语_________,对宾语起____________的作用。之后拓展资料说明Hefoundhisnewbike______.(steal)stolen过去分词作宾语补足语，表示______或______的意义，有时候两者兼而有之。被动完成小结1：Isawhim_______byadog.(bite)bittenTomfoundallhismoney________(steal)onhiswayhome.stolen

过去分词用在感官动词_____________________________等之后示______________________。小结2：see,

watch,feel,find,hear,notice感受到某人或某物被……Jackhadhishair_______yesterday.

(cut)cutIraisedmyvoicetomakemyself_______.(hear)heard小结3：过去分词用在__________________________等使役动词之后,表示______________。have,make,get,leave“使/让…被...”Hewon’tliketheproblem_____________atthemeeting.(discuss）discussedThefatherwantshisdaughter______dancing.(teach)taught小结4：过去分词用于表示“_______________”等意义的词后，如：_______________________等,表示______________________。希望,愿望或要求want,wish,like,expect,order“希望/要求某人或某事被做”Withmanyflowers__________aroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.(plant)plantedThethiefwasbroughtinwithhishands________behindhisback.(tie)tied小结5：

过去分词用在“______+宾语＋宾补”结构中。

withSummary这些词后常接V-ed作宾语补足语*感官动词done作宾补与todo,doing作宾补的区别:

Isawhimtakeawaythedictionaryjustnow.

(拿走了那本字典)Isawhimtakingawaythedictionaryonthedesk.(正在拿那本字典)Isawthedictionarytakenawaybyachild.

(字典被拿走了)不定式强调动作发生的_______。现在分词强调他们之间的__________________。过去分词强调他们之间的____________________。

全过程主动关系,正在进行被动关系，已经完成[即学即练4]用所给词的适当形式填空①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Butthat'shownatureis—alwaysleavingus

_____________(astonish)．②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes

(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.③Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar

(wash)．astonisheddecoratedwashed④Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagues

(amuse)withherstories.⑤Withtheproblem

(solve),thequalityhasbeenimproved.⑥Thebosswouldn'tlikethetopic

(discuss)atthemeeting.⑦Hewantedhisname____________(include)inthelist.amusedsolveddiscussedincludedExploringtherulesFindverb-edformsinthearticleandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Weshouldknowthedifferencebetweenverb-edandthepastforminthepasttense.Verb-edformasanattributivesomethingproducedbythemouldVerb-edformasanadverbialVerb-edformasanobjectcomplementSurprisedbythis,Flemingperformedsometests.getitsmassproductionstartedthepreparedmindTheresultsindicatedthatsomethingproducedbythemouldhadkilledthebacteria.Whatcanyoufindoutfromtheexamplesentences谓语非谓语作定语修饰something,something与produced之间为被动关系Surprisedbythis,Flemingperformedsometests.谓语非谓语过去分词做状语，描述主语状态...hishardworkanddeterminationhelpedgetitsmassproduction

started.动词非谓语宾语与宾补为被动关系作定语修饰mind,mind与prepared之间为被动关系Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.谓语非谓语WorkingouttherulesAverb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverb,indicatinga(n)_____________(active/passive)meaning.Averb-edformcanappearbeforeorafteranoun.Itmodifiesthenounlikea(n)_____________(relativeclause/adverbialclause).Averb-edformcanbeusedasanadverbialoranobjectcomplement.passiverelativeclauseApplyingtherulesRewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsorobjectcomplements.1.Thescientistwhohasbeenhighlypraisedwonanaward.________________________________________________2.Theexperimentthatismentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.________________________________________________3.Thepatientssoonrecoveredbecausetheyweretreatedwiththenewmedicine.________________________________________________

Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.B1attributiveattributiveadverbial4.Thescientistfoundthattheequipmentinthelaboratoryhadbeendestroyed.________________________________________________5.Oncethisreportisfinished,itwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch._________________________________________________

Thescientistfoundtheequipmentinthelaboratorydestroyed.Oncefinished,thisreportwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.B1objectcomplementadverbialBenjaminFranklinwasafamousscientist,writer,printer,inventorandpolitician.Asascientist,hewaswellknownforhiskiteexperiment.Thestorygoeslikethis:Franklinhadfoundlightning(1)_________

(interest)foryears,believingitwasactuallyelectricity.Hedesignedanexperimenttoprovehistheory.Heworkedoutthatbyflyingakiteduringathunderstorm,electricitycouldgothroughthewetkitelinedowntotheearth.(2)_________(know)itwastoodangeroustoholdthewetline,Franklinheldasilkribbon(3)____(tie)totheendofit.Hemadesurethesilkribbonstayeddrysothattheelectricitywouldnotgothroughhisbody.Thenheattachedametalkeywheretheribbonandkitelinejoined.Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwouldchargethekey.(4)_________(conduct)onastormydayin1752,hisexperimentprovedlightningwasreallyjustelectricity.Franklinhadhistheory(5)_________(accept)bymanypeople.However,somepeoplequestionedwhetherhehadactuallydonetheexperiment,(6)_________(argue)thatifhehadreallydoneit,hewouldhavereceivedadeadlyelectricshock.Whateverthetruth,Franklindidmakecontributionstothestudiesofelectricity.

interestingKnowing

tiedConductedaccepted

arguingB2anobjectcomplementanadverbialanattributiveanadverbialanobjectcomplementanadverbial1.aworld-changingdiscovery一个改变世界的发现2.bewidelyconsideredtobe

被广泛认为是3.thebacteriasurroundingthemould在霉菌周围的细菌4.surprisedbythis对此感到吃惊，做状语5.somethingproducedbythemould被霉菌产生的某个东西6.beawarethat后接句子

意识到hephrasesonpage487.itsmassproduction它的批量生产8.inthe1940s

在20世纪50年代9.byaccident=bychance

偶然地10.befarfromthetruth

远非事实11.getitsmassproductionstarted使得青霉素批量生产得以开始12.正如路易.巴斯德所说:“幸运眷顾有准备的人。”1.bewellknownforsth.因为什么而闻名2.workout找到什么的答案，解决，锻炼，计算出3.gothrough通过，经历4.makesure确保5.staydry保持干燥6.chargethekey给风筝充电thephrasesonpage497.onastormyday在一个暴风雨天stormy为storm的形容词，暴风雨的，猛烈的，激烈的8.havethetheoryaccepted使得理论被接受9.receiveadeadly

electricshock受到致命的电击10.whateverthetruth不管真相如何11.makecontributionstosth为什么做出贡献Finishtheexercisesonpage76(textbook).I.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-edforms.1.Themuseumwhichwasbuiltin1900isstillinexcellent

condition.Themuseum_______________isstillinexcellentcondition.2.Theseatswhicharereservedforthedisabledarejustneartheentrance.Theseats______________________arejustneartheentrance.3.AfterhewasencouragedbywhatJanesaid,Peterwalkedtothecentreofthestage.

__________________________,Peterwalkedtothecentreof

thestage.builtin1900reservedforthedisabledEncouragedbywhatJanesaidpage764.UnlessIaminvited,Iwon’tgotoJack’sgraduation