2023-2024学年安徽省皖南八校高三下4月第三次联考英语试题(解析版)

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1安徽省皖南八校2023-2024学年高三下4月第三次联考英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15B.£9.18C.£9.15〖答案〗是C。1.Wheremightthemanbe?A.Inapool. B.Inaboat. C.Inabath.〖答案〗A〖解析〗M:Idon’tlikethis.IfeellikeI’msinking.AreyousureI’llbeOK?W:You’redoingjustfine.Justkeepkickingyourlegs,andpushingoutwithyourarms.2.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’sperformance?A.Disappointing. B.Boring. C.Satisfactory.〖答案〗C〖解析〗W:Youdidagreatjobtoday,Jack.Iheardyoumadeaverybigimpressiononthestudents.M:Thankyouforgivingmetheopportunity.Ireallylikethisschool.Pleasekeepmeinmindifyoueverneedsomeoneagain.3.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hedoesn’tliketheshirt.B.Theshirtmightbetight.C.Thereceiptgotmissing.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:Andy,Iboughtashirtforyou.M:Thankyou.Ihopeyoukeptthereceipt.I’veputonsomeweight.4.Whydidthepoliceofficerstopthewoman?A.Becauseofthedrivingspeed.B.Becauseofthelicenseproblem.C.Becauseofthebrokentaillight.〖答案〗C〖解析〗M:Goodafternoon.CouldIpleaseseeyourlicense?W:Ohno.Isthereanissue?I’msureIwasdrivingunderthelimit.M:Nothingserious,butitlookslikeyourtaillightisout.5.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Confident. B.Nervous. C.Excited.〖答案〗B〖解析〗M:I’mnotsureifIcandothis.Whatifpeopledislikemyperformance?W:Youneedtostopgettingsoupset!Stopworryingaboutwhatpeoplethinksomuch.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatisthemanworriedabout?A.Hisfriend’svisit.B.Lossofhisfriend.C.Hispoorcooking.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Downloadanapp.B.Cookuniquecuisines.C.Gooutwithhisfriend.〖答案〗6.C7.A〖解析〗M:Lucy,oneofmylong-lostfriendswillcomearoundtohaveamealwithme.Afterwards,wewillhangoutinthewalkingdistrictnearby.W:Sowillyoudineout?M:Nope,Iwillcookforher,butmycookingwillsurelyupsether.W:Don’tworryandIrecommendaveryusefulapp,definitelyahitrecently.M:Wow,couldyoutellmethenameofit?W:Noproblem.ItiscalledSweetisine,integratingtheword“sweet”and“cuisine”.Anditofferssomanyrecipestochoosefrom.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Wheredoesthewomanworkfull-time?A.Inacompany.B.Inasupermarket.C.Atakindergarten.9.Whatrequirementcan’tthewomanmeet?A.Theage.B.Workexperience.C.Muchovertime.〖答案〗8.B9.C〖解析〗M:Anythinginterestinginthenewspaper?W:I’mnotreadingnews.I’mlookingatthejobinformation.M:Why?Aren’tyouworkingatthesupermarketnow?W:Yes.Butthesupermarketwillbeclosednextweek.NowIneedanewjob.M:I’msosorrytohearthat.Haveyoufoundanyusefuljobinformation?W:Yes.Acompanyislookingforasaleswoman.Itneedsawomanunder35yearsold,withatleastthreeyears’workexperience.M:Doyouwanttohaveatry?W:Yes.Imeettherequirements.Oh,no.Itsaysalotofovertimeworkisrequired.M:Youdon’twanttoworkovertime?W:No,Idon’t.IfIworkovertime,I’llhavelittletimeformypart-timeworkatthekindergarten.I’lllookforsomemoreinformation.HopefullyI’llfindasatisfyingjob.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.Whatkindofjeansdoesthemanwant?A.Slim. B.Relaxed. C.Regular.11.Whatisthemandissatisfiedwithabouttheblackjeans?A.Thedesign. B.Thematerial. C.Thecolor.12.Whatisthemanprobablygoingtodonext?A.Tryonthejeans. B.Makeapayment. C.Gotoanotherstore.〖答案〗10.C11.B12.A〖解析〗W:CanIhelpyou,sir?M:Yes.I’dliketobuyapairofjeans.W:Isee.Whatstyledoyouwant:slim,regularorrelaxed?M:I’dlikearegularfit.Andmysizeis32.W:Justamoment.Howaboutthisblackpair?M:Ilikethedesignandthecolor,butitfeelsrough.Iprefersomethingcomfortable.W:Thenwhatdoyousayaboutthisdarkbluepair?M:Itseemsperfect.Howmuchisit?W:$105.Andthefittingroomisoverthere.M:OK.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13.Whatisthewomanworriedabout?A.Thepopularityofthetopic.B.Thelimitedtimeforthepresentation.C.Theamountofinformationtoprepare.14.Whatisthefirstmainpointofthepresentation?A.Waysofhelpingbees.B.Theimportanceofbees.C.Problemsaffectingbeestoday.15.WhatisMr.Lee?A.Ateacher. B.Aphotographer. C.Areporter.16.What’sadvisedtobeaddedtothepresentationbytheman?A.Diagrams. B.Statistics. C.Photos.〖答案〗13.B14.B15.A16.C〖解析〗W:OK,soourtopicforthepresentationisbees.Howmanymainpointsdowehave?M:Three.W:There’salotofinformation,butweonlyhaveeightminutes.M:Ithinkwecanorganizethewholepresentationaroundourthreemainpoints.W:Shouldwestartbyshowingthatbeesareanimportantnaturalresource?Theyhelpplantsreproduce.Withoutbees,alotofcropswouldbemoreexpensivetogrow.M:Let’smakethatclearsopeopleunderstandwhyweallneedbees.W:Now,Ifoundareportthatsaysalotofbeesaredyingrightnow.Thereporthasalotofstatisticsaboutpopulationnumbers.Shouldweusethat?M:Well,I’mworriedthosestatisticsmightbeconfusing.Mr.Leesaidwehavetomakeourpresentationbriefandtothepoint,andthat’simportantforourgrades.W:OK.Maybewecouldjustputsomeofthestatisticsinadiagram.M:Let’sdothat.Andwecouldshowsomephotosofbees.W:Goodidea.M:Soforthelastpart,wecouldmakealistofwhatpeoplecandotohelpbees.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.HowdidPenangToyMuseumentertheMalaysianBookofRecords?A.IthasthebiggesttoyinMalaysia.B.It’sthelargestmuseuminMalaysia.C.It’sthefirsttoymuseuminMalaysia.18.Whendidtheownergethisfirsttoy?A.In1973. B.In2000. C.In2005.19.WhatdoweknowabouttheGundamrobot?A.It’sfromMalaysia.B.It’scheapandordinary.C.It’s180centimeterstall.20.HowmanyhoursisthemuseumopenonSaturday?A.6. B.9. C.12.〖答案〗17.C18.A19.C20.B〖解析〗M:Asthelargestofitskindintheworld,PenangToyMuseumhasover110,000toys,dollsandotherfunthings.IthasalsoenteredtheMalaysianBookofRecordsforbeingthefirsttoymuseuminthecountry.Themuseum,openedin2005,wasfoundedbyLohLeanCheng.Hesaiditallbeganwithhisloveoftoys.HestartedtocollecttoysaftervisitingtheLondonToyandModelMuseumattheageof19.Startingfromthefirsttoythatheboughtin1973,thecollectionhasjustkeptongrowingandgrowing.Today,youcanfindalmosteverythingabouttoyshere.AccordingtoLohLeanCheng,someofhistoysarelimitededitions.Oneofthemostexpensivethingsinthemuseumisa1.8-metertallGundamrobotfromJapan.Therearemoretoycollectionstobeadded,accordingtotheownerwhoreceivesabout1000to2000visitorsperday.IfyougotoMalaysia,don’tforgettogoandhavealookatthetoys.Themuseumisopendailyfrom9:00a.m.to6:00p.m.,includingweekendsandpublicholidays.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AApplyforthe2024—2025SchoolYearWearethrilledthatyouareconsideringMaristSchoolforyourchild’snextchapter.Maristhastwoprimaryentrypointsforstudentsin7thand9thgradestowhichwetypicallyaccept150and50studentsrespectively.MaristSchoolutilizesRavenna,anapplicationmanagementapp,forallaspectsoftheadmissionsprocess.ThroughRavenna,parentscanaccesstheMaristapplication,submitsupportingmaterials,trackapplicationstatus,andviewadmissiondecisions.Ourapplicationforthe2024—2025schoolyearwillbeavailablelateSeptemberwithadeadlineonJanuary18,2024.Importantly,MaristcontinuestorequiretheSSATaspartoftheapplicationprocess.OnSaturday,January6,2024,MaristwillserveasacommunitytestsitefortheSSAT.ThisisthelastnationaltestingdaypriortoourapplicationdeadlinewhenafirstsetofSSATscoresisdue.ImportantDatesSeptember2023—March2024MaristSchooladmissionseventsLateSeptember2023Marist2024—2025applicationavailableinRavennaOctober2023—January2024RequiredSSATtestingDecember3,2023OpenHouseJanuary18,2024DeadlinetoapplytoMarist;preliminary(初步的)applicationandfee,parentandstudentquestionnaires,andafirstsetofSSATscoresaredueFebruary1,2024DeadlineforMaristtoreceiveanyoutstandingsupplementalmaterials;transcripts,teacherandadministratorevaluations,andparish/churchverificationformaredueFebruary12,2024DeadlinetosubmitseparatetuitionassistanceapplicationMarch30,2024AAAIScommonnotificationdateApril11,2024Deadlinetorespondtoofferofadmission21.What’sthetext?A.Abrochureofadmission. B.Aschoolcalender.C.Ascheduleoflectures. D.Atimetableofstudent.22.WhenisitunabletoapplyforMaristSchool?A.LateOctober,2023. B.December,2023.C.AtChristmasof2023. D.LateJanuary,2024.23.Whichistherightwaytosubmittheapplication?A.Inperson. B.Bypost. C.Online D.Onrecommendation.【语篇解读】本文为一篇应用文。文章是一篇关于MaristSchool2024—2025学年的申请通知。通知中提供了关于申请流程、截止日期和重要日期的详细信息。〖答案〗21.A22.D23.C【21题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Maristhastwoprimaryentrypointsforstudentsin7thand9thgradestowhichwetypicallyaccept150and50studentsrespectively.(Marist为7年级和9年级的学生提供了两个主要入学点，我们通常分别接受150名和50名学生。)”及全文信息可知，本文主要讲述了Marist学校2024-2025学年的招生要求和安排，即一份招生简章。故选A项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ourapplicationforthe2024—2025schoolyearwillbeavailablelateSeptemberwithadeadlineonJanuary18,2024.(我们2024-2025学年的申请将于9月下旬提交，截止日期为2024年1月18日。)”可知，2024年一月下旬无法报名申请Marist学校。故选D项。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“MaristSchoolutilizesRavenna,anapplicationmanagementapp,forallaspectsoftheadmissionsprocess.(Marist学校利用申请管理应用程序Ravenna进行招生过程的各个方面。)”可知，MaristSchool2024—2025学年整个招生录取工作是通过在指定app上进行操作，即在线提交申请。故选C项。BLikemanynewgraduates,IleftuniversityfullofhopeforthefuturebutwithnorealideaofwhatIwantedtodo.Mydegree,withhonors,inEnglishliteraturehadnotreallypreparedmeforanythingpractical.IknewIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworldsomehow,butIhadnoideahowtodothat.That’swhenIlearnedabouttheLighthouseProject.IstartedmyjourneyasaLighthouseProjectvolunteerbyreadingasmuchasIcouldabouttheexperiencesofpreviousvolunteers.Iknewitwouldbealotofhardwork,andthatIwouldbeawayfrommyfamilyandfriendsforaverylongtime.Inshort,IdidnottakemydecisiontoapplyfortheLighthouseProjectlightly.Neitherdidmyfamily.Eventually,however,Iwonthesupportofmyfamily,andIsentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.Severalmonthslater,Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmetoreportforduty.IwouldbegoingtoasmallvillagenearAbuja,Nigeria.Where?What?Nigeria?Ihadnoidea.ButIwasabouttofindout.Aftercompletingmytraining,Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmallanddesperatelyinneedofproperaccommodation.Thoughthelocalvillagerswerepoor,theyofferedtheirhomes,food,andheartsasifIweretheirownfamily.Iwasaskedtoleadasmallteamoflocalpeopleinbuildinganewschoolhouse.Forthenextyearorso,Itaughtinthatsameschoolhouse.ButIsometimesthinkIlearnedmorefrommystudentsthantheydidfromme.Sometimeduringthatperiod,Irealizedthatallthosethingsthathadseemedsostrangeorunusualtomenolongerdid,thoughIdidnotgetanywherewiththelocallanguage,andreturnedtotheUnitedStatesadifferentman.TheLighthouseProjecthadchangedmylifeforever.24.WhydidthewriterenterfortheLighthouseProject?A.Becausehismajorwasconnectedwithit.B.Becausehewasextremelyfamiliarwithit.C.Becausehewantedtomaketheworldabetterplace.D.Becausenewgraduateshadtoworkforitaftergraduation.25.Howwasthewriter’sapplicationprocess?A.Awkward. B.Complex.C.Entertaining. D.Effortless.26.Whatdidthewriterdointhevillage?A.Workingasateacher.B.Helpingvillagersbuildhospitals.C.Raisingmoneyforhisstudents.D.InvitinglocalstoenterhisProject.27.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.ALife-changingVoluntaryExperienceB.TheMemorableandRewardinglifeinAbujaC.LighthouseProject—ThePromiseofAfricanEducationD.LighthouseProject—aVolunteerOrganizationforNewGraduates【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述的是作者从事“灯塔计划”志愿者的经历以及作者的感悟。〖答案〗24.C25.B26.A27.A【24题详析】细节理解题。根据首段“IknewIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworldsomehow,butIhadnoideahowtodothat.That’swhenIlearnedabouttheLighthouseProject.(我知道我想以某种方式改变世界，但我不知道该怎么做。那时我才知道了灯塔计划。)”可知，作者大学毕业后想要有所作为，但又苦于无从做起，于是选择了LighthouseProject。故选C项。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Eventually,however,Iwonthesupportofmyfamily,andIsentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.(然而，最终，我赢得了家人的支持，我递交了申请所需的所有文件。经过无数的面试和陈述，我成功地从众多候选人中脱颖而出，独自通过了考试。)”和第四段“Aftercompletingmytraining,Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmallanddesperatelyinneedofproperaccommodation.(完成训练后，我被送到一个非常需要适当住所的小村庄。)”可知，作者从申请到最终被录取需要提交文件、多次的面试和演讲、测试和培训，可谓时间长，环节多，由此可知，作者申请的过程相当复杂。故选B项。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Iwasaskedtoleadasmallteamoflocalpeopleinbuildinganewschoolhouse.Forthenextyearorso,Itaughtinthatsameschoolhouse.(我被要求带领一小队当地人建造一所新校舍。在接下来的一年左右的时间里，我在同一所学校教书。)”可知，作者帮助村民建学校，并在那里教书。故选A项。【27题详析】主旨大意题。根据尾段中的“TheLighthouseProjecthadchangedmylifeforever.(灯塔计划永远地改变了我的生活。)”可知，作者毕业后加入LighthouseProject这一组织，经培训后被派往非洲尼日尼亚的一个乡村支教，虽然那里生活和工作条件艰苦，但是那里的人们善良且友好，朝夕相处中，作者了解了那里的人、事、物，自己也发生了改变，这段志愿支教经历对作者的人生产生了深远的影响，由此可知，标题“改变人生的志愿经历”概括了文章的内容，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。CDroughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarmingworld.Allcontinentshavebeenexperiencingmoreextendedperiodswithoutrain,leadingtoforestfiresandpoorcropgrowth.Consequently,peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem—amethodofencouragingprecipitation(降水)bysendingsmallparticlesofcertainchemicalsintoclouds.Cloud-seedingexpertArlenHugginshasbeenstudyingitseffectiveness.“Myearliestexperiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhail(冰雹)innortheastColorado.Wedidn’thaveanyluckwiththat,butwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.Now,thefocusisshiftingtowardsincreasingrainfallfromsummerclouds,whichisfarmoreunpredictable.”saidhe.Theproblemisthatit’sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.Itmighthaverainedorsnowedanyway.Evenifyoupracticecloudseedinginoneplaceanddon’tinanother,it’simpossibletoknowforsurewhatcausedtheprecipitation.“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain,itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion,”saysKatjaFriedrich,aresearcherofUniversityofColorado.Additionally,it’snotduringfoggyandsnowyconditionsthatpeoplethinkofincreasingthechanceofrainfall.Whenacountryishitbydrought,thencloudseedingisn’tanoptionduetothelackofclouds.Duringdrought,skiestendtobeclearwithfewclouds.Thebestoptiontopreventdroughtistoseedattimesoftheyearwhenrainfalllevelsarenormalorhigher.Therearealsoenvironmentalissuesregardingtheimpactofcloudseeding.Athighlevels,thechemicalssentintothecloudscanharmhumansandotheranimals,andsomestudieshavefoundthemslightlypoisonous.Apartfromthat,someenvironmentalistsareconcernedaboutthelong-termimpacts,asthereisn’tdataonhowmuchthosechemicalsaccumulateintheenvironmentover10years.28.Whatisthepurposeofcloudseeding?A.Toincreasegrainoutput.B.Toslowdownglobalwarming.C.Toreducechemicalsintheair.D.Todealwithdryandrain-freeweather.29.HowisArlenHuggins’earliestexperienceinParagraph2?A.It’seffective. B.It’sunsuccessful.C.It’ssatisfying. D.It’sfruitful.30.WhatisKatjaFriedrich’sattitudetowardscloudseeding?A.Favourable. B.Opposed.C.Unclear. D.Doubtful.31.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Droughtcurrentlyposestheonlythreattoforestsandcrops.B.Rainmakinginanyweatherwillcometrueinthenearfuture.C.Researchersnowcannottellifrainfallisbroughtbycloudseeding.D.Chemicalssentintothecloudswillbecomelesspoisonousovertime.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了干旱成为全球变暖环境下的一个严重问题，而“人工降雨”被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法。然而，人工降雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和水资源分配问题。因此，虽然云雾处理可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。〖答案〗28.D29.B30.D31.C【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Droughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarmingworld.Allcontinentshavebeenexperiencingmoreextendedperiodswithoutrain,leadingtoforestfiresandpoorcropgrowth.Consequently,peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem—amethodofencouragingprecipitation(降水)bysendingsmallparticlesofcertainchemicalsintoclouds.(在我们日益变暖的世界里，干旱是一个日益严重的问题。所有大陆都经历了更长时间的无雨期，导致森林火灾和作物生长不良。因此，人们正在研究人工增雨来解决这个问题——一种通过将某些化学物质的小颗粒送入云层来鼓励降水的方法。)”可知，人工降雨是为了能应对干旱无雨的天气。故选D项。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Myearliestexperiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhail(冰雹)innortheastColorado.Wedidn’thaveanyluckwiththat,butwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.Now,thefocusisshiftingtowardsincreasingrainfallfromsummerclouds,whichisfarmoreunpredictable.(我最早的经验是在科罗拉多州东北部使用播云来减少冰雹的数量。我们运气不好，但后来我们在犹他州的降雪量不断增加的情况下取得了成功。现在，焦点正转向夏季云层带来的降雨量增加，这一点更不可预测。)”可知，ArlenHuggins最初是想用人工降雨的方法来减少美国科罗拉多州北部下冰雹的数量，遗憾的是运气不好，即失败了。故选B项。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain,itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion,(由于播云成本高昂，其有效性也不确定，因此其有用性仍有待商榷，)”可知，KatjaFriedrich认为人工降雨的做法代价高且效果不确定，是有待商榷的，即对其是持怀疑态度的。故选D项。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Theproblemisthatit’sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.Itmighthaverainedorsnowedanyway.Evenifyoupracticecloudseedinginoneplaceanddon’tinanother,it’simpossibletoknowforsurewhatcausedtheprecipitation.(问题是，很难知道降水是否直接来自云层播种。不管怎样，可能已经下雨或下雪了。即使你在一个地方练习播云，而在另一个地方不练习，也不可能确切地知道是什么导致了降水。)”可知，研究人员现在无法判断降雨是否是由云层播种带来的。故选C项。DWhatdoesitmeantobeintelligent?Ifit’sdefinedbyhavingthebiggestbrain,thenspermwhales(抹香鲸)—whosebrainis20pounds—wouldbethebrightestcreaturesonEarth.But,morelikely,it’showabrainiswired.Viewedinthisway,intelligenceiswhatgivesanorganismthebestchancetosurviveinanenvironment.Languagemaybeoneofthebestwaystodemonstratethatkindofsmarts.“Languageallowinghumanstobeamoreadvancedspeciesisahypothesisthatsomebodycameupwithonedaywithoutreallytryingtoproveit,”saysErichJarvis,aprofessorwhostudiestheneuro-biologyofvocallearning.“Theideastuckaround,butsohaveothercommonbeliefsthatarenotreallysupportedwithevidence,”hepointsout.Togetabettergraspofvocallearningandcognition,thestudyauthorsturnedtosongbirds.Theteamperformedsevencognitiveexperimentson214songbirdsfrom23differentspecies.Ofthese,21specieswerecaughtfromthewild.Theresttwostudiedaredomesticated(家养的).Thebehavioraltestsexaminedthebirds’problemsolving,forinstance,figuringouthowtoremoveanobjecttoaccessthefoodreward.Theresearchersalsotestedtwootherskillsoftenassociatedwithintelligence:learningbyassociation,pluswhat’scalledreversal(倒转的)learning,inwhichananimaladjustsitsbehaviortogetareward.Theythenlookedatwhetherbeingvocallearnershelpeddevelopthethreeskills,comparing21birdspeciestotwootherswhichwerenon-vocallearners.Jarvis’newstudyprovidessomeofthefirstevidencethatvocallearning—oneofthecrucialcomponentsforaspokenlanguage—isassociatedwithproblemsolving.Vocallearningbirdspeciescouldcomeupwithinnovativeideas,suchasgettingseeds,orcatchingawormtrappedunderacupbyremovingtheobstacleorpullingitapart.Allthreeabilities—problemsolving,associativelearning,andreversallearning—aretypicallyconsidered“componentsofintelligence,”hesays.“Onequestionleftunanswerediswhythere’ssuchastrongrelationshipbetweenproblem-solvingabilitiesandvocallearning.Thebrainareasinchargeofvocallearningarenotthesameonesthatgetactivatedwhenweneedtotroubleshoot(分析解决)anissue,”saysMichaelGoldstein,aprofessorofpsychologyatCornellUniversitywhostudiesvocallearninginsongbirdsandhumansbutwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.32.WhichcanprobablydefineintelligenceaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Language. B.Brainsize.C.Brainstructure. D.Environment.33.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mean?A.Guarantee. B.Assumption.C.Category. D.Distribution.34.WhatareParagraphs3&4mainlyabout?A.Habitsofsongbirds.B.Methodsofdomesticatingsongbirds.C.Outlineofthestudy.D.Threephasesofdisplayingintelligence.35.Whatmaythetexttalkaboutnext?A.Themechanismthatbridgesallthebrainregions.B.Thefunctionsofthebrainareasthatcantroubleshootissues.C.Thereasonswhysongbirds’intelligencecannotdevelopfurther.D.Thereasonswhyvocallearninginfluenceproblem-solvingabilities.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。新的研究发现，语音学习与解决问题的能力密切相关。文章对此进行了介绍。〖答案〗32.C33.B34.C35.D【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段前三句“Whatdoesitmeantobeintelligent?Ifit’sdefinedbyhavingthebiggestbrain,thenspermwhales(抹香鲸)—whosebrainis20pounds—wouldbethebrightestcreaturesonEarth.But,morelikely,it’showabrainiswired.(智力意味着什么？如果它的定义是拥有最大的大脑，那么抹香鲸——它的大脑有20磅重——将是地球上最聪明的生物。但更有可能的，是大脑的连接方式。)”可知，大脑结构可能定义智力。故选C。【33题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句中的“somebodycameupwithonedaywithoutreallytryingtoproveit(有人在某天提出的，却没有真正去证明它)”可知，此处是指有人提出的一个假设，所以hypothesis意为“假设”。故选B。【34题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段前两句“Togetabettergraspofvocallearningandcognition,thestudyauthorsturnedtosongbirds.Theteamperformedsevencognitiveexperimentson214songbirdsfrom23differentspecies.(为了更好地掌握声乐学习和认知，研究作者转向了鸣禽。研究小组对来自23个不同物种的214只鸣禽进行了7项认知实验。)”和第四段第一句“Jarvis’newstudyprovidessomeofthefirstevidencethatvocallearning—oneofthecrucialcomponentsforaspokenlanguage—isassociatedwithproblemsolving.(Jarvis的新研究首次提供了一些证据，证明语音学习——口语的关键组成部分之一——与解决问题有关。)”可知，第三段和第四段介绍了这项新研究的方法和结果，即研究的梗概。故选C。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Onequestionleftunanswerediswhythere’ssuchastrongrelationshipbetweenproblem-solvingabilitiesandvocallearning.(有一个问题没有得到解答，那就是为什么解决问题的能力和语音学习之间存在如此密切的关系。)”可知，文章接下来有可能讨论语音影响解决问题能力的原因。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Readingisanexerciseforthemind.Itisgoodforourvocabularyandliteracyskills,teachingusmathorscienceconceptsandhelpinguslearnhistory.Apartfromthose,readinghasanotherbenefit.Haveyoureadastoryandfelttearswellupbecauseofacharacter’ssuffering?Ifso,thatisbecauseyouhaveempathy(共情)forthecharacter.____36____Researchshowsthathumanbrainsreactdifferentlytostoriesandfacts.____37____Inaddition,yourbrainthinksyouareinthestory,whichmeansyouexperiencethecharacters’thoughtsasiftheywerereal.____38____Thisskill,calledemotionalintelligence(EI),canmakeiteasiertocommunicateandconnectwithpeople.Researchshowsthatbuildingthisintelligencecanleadtogreatertolerance.OnestudyfoundthatpeoplewhoreadtheHarryPotternovels,whichtellstoriesabouthumansfightingagainsttheevil,werelesslikelytobehaveunfairlytowardspowerlessgroupsincludingrefugees(难民).ThistheoryofEIhasbeenputintopracticeinschools.AfterreadingTheBoyattheBackoftheClass,astoryaboutaboywhoisarefugeeescapingfromthewar,studentsinStMichael’sHighSchoolwereinspiredtodoa10-milewalkforthenon-profitorganization—RefugeeAction.____39________40____Notonlyarewemorelikelytoengageinhelpfulbehaviorswhenwefeelempathyforotherpeople,butothersarealsomorelikelytohelpuswhentheyexperienceempathy.Forsocietytodevelop,communicativeandempatheticindividualsreallymatter.A.Inaway,allthisincreasesourabilitytoreadwell.B.Thispermitspeopletolimittheiremotionsthatothersarefeeling.C.Manymoreareasofyourbrainlightupwhenyou’reenjoyingastory.D.Italsostimulatedthemtoraise£1,000forthehomelesscausedbywar.E.Readingencouragesustoempathizewithothers,whichcouldbebeneficial.F.Empathyhelpsyoutoreadpeople’semotionsandworkoutthebestwaytorespond.G.Ithelpsyouseeintootherpeople’sheartsandcanbelearnedthroughvariousstories.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明阅读可以帮助培养同理心，这是有益的。〖答案〗36.G37.C38.F39.D40.E【36题详析】上文“Haveyoureadastoryandfelttearswellupbecauseofacharacter’ssuffering?Ifso,thatisbecauseyouhaveempathy(共情)forthecharacter.(你是否读过一个故事，因为一个人物的痛苦而热泪盈眶？如果是这样，那是因为你对角色有共情。)”提到“共情”，结合诸选项信息可知，G选项“它可以帮助你看到别人的心，可以通过不同的故事来学习。”契合语境，该句就是对上文“empathy”进行说明和解释，“it”指代“empathy”，“stories”呼应上文“story”。故选G。【37题详析】根据本段首句“Researchshowsthathumanbrainsreactdifferentlytostoriesandfacts.(研究表明，人类大脑对故事和事实的反应是不同的。)”可知，本段主要谈论人的大脑会根据不同的故事和事实产生不同的反应；C选项“当你在欣赏一个故事时，你的大脑会有更多的区域被激活。”也是谈论当人阅读时大脑的反应，契合语境。故选C。【38题详析】下文“Thisskill,calledemotionalintelligence(EI),canmakeiteasiertocommunicateandconnectwithpeople.(这种技能被称为情商，可以让你更容易与人沟通和联系。)”讲述情感智力这项技能能够使沟通和与人建立联系更容易，F选项“同理心可以帮助你读懂别人的情绪并想出最佳方式来回应。”契合语境，下文Thisskill指代F项中的Empathy。故选F。【39题详析】上文“AfterreadingTheBoyattheBackoftheClass,astoryaboutaboywhoisarefugeeescapingfromthewar,studentsinStMichael’sHighSchoolwereinspiredtodoa10-milewalkforthenon-profitorganization—RefugeeAction.(在读完《教室后面的男孩》后，圣迈克尔高中的学生们受到启发，为非营利组织‘难民行动’进行了10英里的步行活动。这本书讲述了一个逃离战争的男孩的故事。)”进一步举例说在读了《教室后面的男孩》这本书后，圣迈克尔高中的学生的反应，选项D“这也促使他们为因战争而无家可归的人筹集了1000英镑。”也是在谈论反应：促使他们为因战乱而无家可归之人募集一千英镑，因而契合语境。故选D。【40题详析】由本空所在位置可知，此处为段首句，总括全段信息，下文“Notonlyarewemorelikelytoengageinhelpfulbehaviorswhenwefeelempathyforotherpeople,butothersarealsomorelikelytohelpuswhentheyexperienceempathy.Forsocietytodevelop,communicativeandempatheticindividualsreallymatter.(当我们对他人感同身受时，我们不仅更有可能做出有益的行为，而且当他人感同身受时，他们也更有可能帮助我们。为了社会的发展，善于沟通和善解人意的个人真的很重要。)”谈论当我们对他人感同身受时，我们不仅更有可能做出有益的行为，而且当他人感同身受时，他们也更有可能帮助我们，是在讲述共情对人有益。由此可知，选项E“阅读鼓励我们去同情他人，这是有益的。”契合语境。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短