英国监狱系统情况分析报告-外文版培训课件2024.7temu

POLITICS

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SOCIETYPrisonsystemintheUKCHAPTER

01OverviewNumberofprisonersincustodyintheUnitedKingdomfrom1900to2024NumberofprisonersintheUK1900-2024EnglandandWalesScotlandNorthernIreland120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,00003Description:Asof2024,therewereapproximately97,800prisonersincustodyintheUnitedKingdom,withthevastmajorityofthesebeingprisonersinthejurisdictionofEnglandandWalesat87,900prisoners,withafurther8,000inScotland,and1,900inNorthernIreland.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;1900to2024Source(s):HouseofCommonsIncarcerationrateintheUnitedKingdomfrom2008to2023,byjurisdiction(per100,000inhabitants)IncarcerationrateintheUK2008-2023EnglandandWalesScotlandNorthernIreland165156.6156155.5153152.61532.56152.3151.6150.415514513512511510595149.6149.5144.6149147.7147.6101.22014146.4146146.6138142.4142.4136.5137.9135.8136.2134.9133.2132.3131.599.797.894.191.590.58683.682.881.58280.78579.27773.87565200820092010201120122013201520162018201920202021202220234Description:EnglandandWaleshadanincarcerationrateof136.2per100,000peoplein2023,comparedwith133.2forScotlandand90.5forNorthernIreland.In2008,ScotlandhadahigherincarcerationratethanEnglandandWales,butthisdeclinedatafasterratethanthosetwocountriesafter2012,althoughtherecentuptickin2019hasseenScotlandonceagainhavethehighestincarcerationrateintheUK.NorthernIrelandhasconsistentlyhadthelowestincarcerationrateintheUK.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2008to2023Source(s):EDQMPrisonerpopulationofprisonsinEnglandandWalesin2024PrisonerpopulationofprisonsinEnglandandWales2024Numberofprisoners05001,0001,5002,0002,500OakwoodBerwyn2,1001,995Parc1,791FosseWayFiveWells1,7001,692WandsworthForestBank1,5081,451Highpoint(NorthandSouth)Peterborough(Male&Female)NorthumberlandWormwoodScrubsLittlehey1,2771,2561,2541,2401,233Thameside1,2175Description:In2024,HMPOakwood,locatedintheWestMidlands,hadthehighestprisonerpopulationofallprisonsinEnglandandWaleswitharound2,100prisonerslocatedthere.TherecentlyopenedHMPBerwyninWaleshadthesecond-highestnumberofprisonersat1,995.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);March2024Source(s):GOV.UK;MinistryofJusticeUKPublicsectorexpenditureonprisonsintheUnitedKingdomfrom2009/10to2022/23(inbillionGBP)GovernmentspendingonprisonsintheUK2009-202376.0965.515.424.975432104.734.564.374.364.314.254.134.124.163.832009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

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2021/22

2022/236Description:TheUnitedKingdomspentapproximately6.09billionBritishpoundsonitsprisonsystemin2022/23,anincreasewhencomparedtothepreviousyear.Between2011/12and2019/20theUKconsistentlyspentlessthanitdidin2009/10and2010/11,mainlyduetotheausteritypoliciespursuedbythecoalitionGovernmentofthetime.Throughoutthistimeperiod,expenditureonprisonswaslowestin2014/15at393billionpounds,andhighestinthemostrecentfinancialyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2009to2023Source(s):GOV.UK;HMTreasuryAverageannualoverallresourceexpenditureperprisonplaceinEnglandandWalesfrom2015to2023(inGBP)ExpenditureperprisonplaceinEnglandandWales2015-202360,00051,72448,16250,00046,69644,64043,21340,84338,04240,00030,00020,00010,000035,1822015/162016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/237Description:In2022/23,theaveragecostofaprisonplaceinEnglandandWaleswas51,724Britishpoundsayear,comparedwith46,696Britishpoundsinthepreviousreportingyear.Since2015/16,theannualcostofoneprisonplaceinEnglandandWaleshasincreasedbyaround16,542Britishpounds.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);2015to2022Source(s):GOV.UK;MinistryofJusticeUKNumberofprisonofficersinEnglandandWalesfrom2010to2024NumberofprisonofficersinEnglandandWales2010-202430,00024,83024,36925,00020,00015,00010,0005,000023,61422,73522,63022,28821,92821,92622,00121,50621,03818,25118,22218,32718,4032010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320248Description:In2024,therewereapproximately23,614prisonofficersinEnglandandWales,comparedwith22,288in2023.Duringthisperiod,thenumberofprisonofficerswashighestin2010,whentherewere24,830.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);2010to2024Source(s):GOV.UK;MinistryofJusticeUKEstimatednumberofprobationofficersintheUnitedKingdomfrom4thquarter2021to1stquarter2024NumberofprobationofficersintheUK2021-202425,00022,20020,00015,00010,0005,000019,10019,00016,00015,10013,80013,00012,40012,00011,500Q42021Q12022Q22022Q32022Q42022Q12023Q22023Q32023Q42023Q120249Description:Therewereestimatedtobeapproximately13,800probationofficersworkingintheUnitedKingdomasofthefirstquarterof2024,comparedwith15,100inthepreviousquarter.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;Q42021toQ12024Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)NumberofprisonerescapesfromprisonsandprisonescortsinEnglandandWalesfrom1995/96to2022/23NumberofprisonerescapesinEnglandandWales1995-202310088908070605040302010038332616116554442110Description:In2022/23,therewasjustoneprisonerescaperecordedinEnglandandWales,thesameasinthepreviousreportingyear.Duringtheprovidedtimeperiod,thereportingyearwiththehighestnumberofprisonerescapeswas1995/96,whentherewere88.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);April1,1995toMarch31,2023Source(s):GOV.UK;MinistryofJusticeUKProportionofoffenderswhore-offendinEnglandandWalesfrom2008/09to2021/22ProvenreoffendingrateinEnglandandWales2008-202233.0%31.6%32.0%31.0%30.0%29.0%28.0%27.0%26.0%25.0%24.0%23.0%30.9%30%30%30%29.8%28.9%28.5%28.5%28.5%27.4%25.1%24.9%24%2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

2018/19

2019/20

2020/21

2021/2211Description:In2021/22,24.9percentofoffenderswhowerereleasedfromcustodyinEnglandandWaleswentontoreoffend.Since2008/09thereoffendingratehasfluctuatedbetweenahighof31.6percentin2008/09toalowof24percentin2020/21.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);April1,2008toMarch31,2022Source(s):GOV.UK;MinistryofJusticeUKAreprisonlivingconditionstooeasy?(October2019toJune2024)OpiniononprisonlivingconditionsinGreatBritain2019-2024Tooeasy51%Aboutright50%Don'tknowTooharsh60%50%40%30%20%10%0%54%53%52%52%51%49%48%47%45%27%20%25%20%24%17%24%18%24%19%24%16%8%24%18%23%20%23%19%22%19%22%17%10%9%9%8%8%7%7%7%6%6%Oct2019Apr2020Sep2020Mar2021Aug2021Feb2022Jul2022Jan2023Jul2023Jan2024Jun202412Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinJune2024,48percentofrespondentsinGreatBritainthoughtthatlivingconditionsatprisonsweretooeasy,comparedwith18percentwhothoughttheywereaboutright,andtenpercentwhothoughttheyweretooharsh.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(GreatBritain);October2019toJune2024;1,623-1,802perwave;18yearsandolder;GBAdultsSource(s):YouGovCHAPTER

02DemographicsNumberofprisonersincustodyinEnglandandWalesfrom1900to2024,bygenderNumberofprisonersinEnglandandWales1900-2024,bygenderMalesFemales100,00090,00080,00070,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,000014Description:In2024,therewere87,869menand3,635womeninprisonsinEnglandandWales.Comparedwiththepreviousyear,thisrepresentedanincreaseforbothmenandwomen.Thisrepresentedapeakinthenumberofprisonersduringthisprovidedtimeperiod,andwasalsothepeakfortheꢀUnitedKingdomasawhole.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;1900to2024Source(s):HouseofCommonsNumberofprisonersincustodyinScotlandfrom2004/05to2022/23,bygenderNumberofprisonersinScotland2004-2023,bygenderMalesFemales9,0008,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,00002004/05

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

2018/19

2019/20

2020/21

2021/22

2022/2315Description:In2022/23therewereapproximately7,426maleprisonersinScotland,comparedwith282femaleones.Duringtheprovidedtimeperiod,maleprisonernumbersinScotlandpeakedduring2019/20,whentherewere7,796,whilethenumberoffemaleprisonerswashighestin2011/12,at469.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(Scotland);2004to2023Source(s):HouseofCommonsNumberofprisonersincustodyinEnglandandWalesfrom2002to2024,byagegroupNumberofprisonersinEnglandandWales2002-2024,byagegroup15-2021-2930-3940-4950+100,00090,00080,00070,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,00002002

2003

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202416Description:In2024,therewere29,339prisonersintheir30sincustodyinEnglandandWales,comparedwith21,381intheir20s,18,175intheir40s,15,620aged50orover,and3,354agedbetween15and20.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);2002to2024Source(s):HouseofCommonsNumberofprisonersincustodyinScotlandfrom2009/10to2022/23,byagegroupNumberofprisonersinScotland2009-2023,byagegroup16-2425-3435-4445-5455-6465+9,0008,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,00002009/102010/112011/122012/132013/142014/152015/162016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/2317Description:Asof2023,therewereapproximately2,527prisonersinScotlandagedbetween25and34,thehighestamongtheprovidedagegroups.Bycontrast,therewerejust248prisonersaged65orover.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(Scotland);2009to2023Source(s):HouseofCommonsNumberofprisonersincustodyinNorthernIrelandin2023,byagegroupNumberofprisonersinNorthernIreland2023,byage700599600500400300200100043731616111860+4318-2021-2930-3940-4950-5918Description:In2023,therewere599peopleagedbetween30and39imprisonedinNorthernIreland,themostofanygroupduringthisyear.Bycomparison,therewerejust43peopleagedbetween18and20inthisyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(NorthernIreland);2023Source(s):HouseofCommonsNumberofprisonersincustodyinEnglandandWalesfrom2015to2024,byethnicityNumberofprisonersinEnglandandWales2015-2024,byethnicityWhiteMixedAsianorAsianBritishBlackorBlackBritishOtherNotstated/recorded100,00090,00080,00070,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,0000201520162017201820192020202120222023202419Description:In2024,therewereapproximately63,103whiteprisonersinEnglandandWales,comparedwith10,624Blackprisoners,and7,067Asianprisoners.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);2015to2024Source(s):HouseofCommonsNumberofprisonersincustodyinEnglandandWalesfrom2015to2024,byreligiousfaithNumberofprisonersinEnglandandWales2015-2024,byreligionChristianNoreligionMuslimBuddhistSikhJewishHinduOther/notrecognisedorrecorded100,00090,00080,00070,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,0000201520162017201820192020202120222023202420Description:Approximately39,068prisonersinEnglandandWalesidentifiedasbeingChristianin2024,themostofanyreligiousfaithamongprisoners.Afurther27,122identifiedashavingnoreligion,while15,909identifiedasMuslims.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);2015to2024Source(s):HouseofCommonsNumberofforeignprisonersinEnglandandWalesin2024,byleadingforeignnationalitiesNumberofforeignprisonersinEnglandandWales2024,byforeignnationalityNumberofprisoners60002004008001,0001,2001,400AlbanianPolish1,273906RomanianIrish750649JamaicanLithuanianPakistaniPortugueseIndian381361313290271259Iraqi21/statistics/872023/leading-nationalities-of-foreign-prisoners-in-england-and-walesIn2024,therewere1,272AlbaniansimprisonedinEnglandandWales,thehighestforeignnationalityinthatyear.Additionally,therewere906Polishnationalsinjail,and750Romanians,thesecond,andthird-highestamongforeignnationalities.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);2024Source(s):HouseofCommonsCHAPTER

03SafetyandOvercrowdingPrisonerpopulationcomparedwithoperatingcapacityinEnglandandWalesfromJanuary2011toJune2024PrisonerpopulationandprisoncapacityinEnglandandWales2011-2024OperationalCapacityPrisonerpopulation91,00089,00087,00085,00083,00081,00079,00077,00075,00023Description:InJune2024,theprisonerpopulationofEnglandandWalesstoodat87,360whiletheoperatingcapacityofprisonswas88,818.Thismeantthatasofthismonth,thesparecapacityofprisonsinEnglandandWaleswasjust1,458,adeclineonthepreviousmonth,whenapproximately1,737prisonplaceswereavailable.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);January2011toJune2024Source(s):GOV.UK;InstituteforGovernment;MinistryofJusticeUKEstimatednumberofspareprisonplacesinEnglandandWalesfromJanuary2011toJune2024NumberofspareprisonplacesinEnglandandWales2011-20247,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,000024Description:Therewereapproximately1,458spareprisonplacesinEnglandandWalesasofJune2024,adeclineonthepreviousmonthwhentherewere1,737spareplaces.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);January2011toJune2024Source(s):GOV.UK;InstituteforGovernment;MinistryofJusticeUKNumberofdeathsinprisoncustodyinEnglandandWalesfrom1978to2023NumberofdeathsinprisoncustodyinEnglandandWales1978-2023NumberofdeathsDeathsper1,000prisoners4003503002502001501005054.543.532.521.510.50025Description:In2023,therewere311deathsinprisoncustodyinEnglandandWales,comparedwith301inthepreviousyear,and371in2021,whichwasthemostdeathsreportedduringthistimeperiod.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);1978to2023Source(s):GOV.UK;MinistryofJusticeUKNumberofself-inflicteddeathsinprisoncustodyinEnglandandWalesfrom1stquarter2000to2ndquarter2023NumberofsuicidesamongprisonersinEnglandandWales2000-2023353025201510526Description:Therewere17self-inflicteddeathsinprisoncustodyinEnglandandWalesinthesecondquarterof2023,comparedwith26inthepreviousquarter.Duringtheprovidedtimeperiod,thequarterswiththehighestnumberofdeathswereQ2andQ3of2016,whichhad32occurringineach.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);Q12000toQ22023Source(s):GOV.UK;MinistryofJusticeUKNumberofassaultincidentsatprisonsinEnglandandWalesfrom1stquarter2003to2ndquarter2023,bytypeNumberofassaultsatprisonsinEnglandandWales2003-2023Prisoner-on-prisonerAssaultsonstaff7,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,000027Description:Inthesecondquarterof2023,therewere4,439prisoner-on-prisonerassaultincidentsatprisonsinEnglandandWales,thehighestnumberinaquartersincethefirstquarterof2020whentherewere4,709ofthesekindofassaults.Inadditiontoprisoner-on-prisonerviolence,therewerealso2,222assaultsonprisonstaffinthisquarter,thehighestsincethethirdquarterof2019.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);Q12003toQ22023Source(s):GOV.UK;MinistryofJusticeUKNumberofself-harmincidentsatprisonsinEnglandandWalesfrom1stquarter2004to1stquarter2023Numberofself-harmincidentsatprisonsinEnglandandWales2004-202318,00016,00014,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,000028Description:Inthefirstquarterof2023therewere16,543self-harmincidentsatprisonsinEnglandandWales,apeakofself-harmincidentsduringthisprovidedtimeperiod.Self-harmincidentshaveincreasedsubstantiallyatprisonsinEnglandandWales,withjust4,908incidentsreportedinthefirstquarterof2004.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);Q12004toQ12023Source(s):GOV.UK;MinistryofJusticeUKCHAPTER

04SentenceLengthNumberofprisonersundersentenceinEnglandandWalesin2024,bylengthofsentenceNumberofprisonersinEnglandandWales2024bylengthofsentenceNumberofprisonersundersentence02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,0006monthsorless1,7926monthsto1year1,2511to2years3,1062to4years10,3864to5years3,9825to7years7to10years6,1175,85510to14years14yearsormore(excludingindeterminatesentences)4,4954,439Lifesentences7,346RecallsUntried12,34410,680Extendeddeterminatesentences(EDS)8,13530Description:In2024,therewereatotalof66,102prisonersundersentenceinEnglandandWales,with9,260oftheseprisonersonsentenceslastingbetweentwoandfouryears,themostcommonsentencelengthforprisonersinthisyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);2024Source(s):GOV.UKAveragecustodialsentencelengthatallcourtstoimmediatecustodyforalloffencesinEnglandandWalesfrom2000to2023(inmonths)AveragelengthofprisonsentencesforalloffencesinEnglandandWales2000-202322.020.920.720.320.018.618.417.818.017.116.416.215.615.516.014.313.913.814.013.41312.912.7

12.712.412.412.311.812.0

11.410.02000

2001

2002

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2005

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202331Description:TheaveragelengthofaprisonsentenceforalloffencesinEnglandandWaleswas20.9monthsin2023,comparedwith11.4monthsintheyear2000.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England,Wales);2000to2023Source(s):MinistryofJusticeUKAveragecustodialsentencelengthatallcourtstoimmediatecustodyinEnglandandWalesin2022/23,byoffencegroup(inmonths)AveragelengthofprisonsentencesforoffencesinEnglandandWales2022/23Averagecustodialsentencelengthinmonths01020304039506070AlloffencesSexualoffences20.366.2Robbery47.7DrugoffencesCriminaldamageandarsonViolenceagai