英语语法 课件 9 过去完成体和限定词

过去完成体和限定词Compare

We’ve

known

each

other

since

we

were

at

college.We’ve

known

each

other

since

we

have

been

at

college.Bythetimeheleftcollege,he_____________(learn)

Englishfor12years.Bythetimeyouleavecollege,you_________(learn)

Englishfor12years.Up

to

now,

I_____________(learn)Englishfor12years.持续性/状态性动作已结束KP1常搭配的时间状语从句I

haven’t

seen

him

since

he

came

to

Shanghai.I

saw

him

last

time

when

he

came

to

Shanghai,

but

I

haven’t

seen

him

since.Hehadn'tfinisheditbyyesterdayevening.I'dneverflownaplaneatalluntilIflewthisone!He

hadmetthembeforehewenttotheparty.Nosooner

had

heleft

thebuildingthanabomb

exploded.

(Hardly…when…)KP2

have

got/gotten

I

have

just

got

a

new

dictionary.

(get的完成体，不能去掉）Have

(got)

“有”Have

(got)

to

“必须”I’ve

got

a

book.

=I

have

a

book.He

hasn’t

got

to

do

it

=He

doesn’t

have

to

do

it.（got可去掉）

DoyouspeakEnglish?(2)Ihadanamusingexperiencelastyear.AfterIhadleftasmallvillageinthesouthofFrance,Idroveontothenexttown.Ontheway,ayoungmanwavedtome.Istoppedandheaskedmeforalift.NosoonerhadhegotintothecarthanIsaidgoodmorningtohiminFrenchandherepliedinthesamelanguage.Apartfromafewwords,IdonotknowanyFrenchatall.Neitherofusspokeduringthejourney.Ihadhardlyreachedthetownwhentheyoungmansuddenlysaid,veryslowly,'DoyouspeakEnglish?'AsIsoonlearnt,hewasEnglishhimself!过去完成体的时间状语？Everythingexcepttheweather

Myoldfriend,Harrison,livedintheMediterraneanformanyyearsbeforehehadreturnedtoEngland.HehadoftendreamedofretiringinEnglandandplannedtosettledowninthecountry.NosoonerhehadreturnedtoEnglandthanheboughtafinehouseandwenttolivethere.Almostimmediatelyhebegantocomplainabouttheweather,foreventhoughitwasstillsummer,ithadrainedcontinuallyanditwasoftenbitterlycold.Aftersomanyyearsofsunshine,Harrisongotashock.HeactedasifheneverlivedinEnglandbefore.Intheend,itwasmorethanhecouldbear.HehardlyhadtimetosettledownintheMediterraneanonceagainwhenhehadsoldthehouseandleftthecountry.Thedreamhehadforsomanyyearsendedthere.Harrisonhasthoughtofeverythingexcepttheweather.Correct

the

storyEverythingexcepttheweather

Myoldfriend,Harrison,hadlivedintheMediterraneanformanyyearsbeforehereturnedtoEngland.HehadoftendreamedofretiringinEnglandand

plannedtosettledowninthecountry.Nosoonerhadhe

returnedthanheboughtafinehouseandwenttolivethere.Almostimmediatelyhebegantocomplainabouttheweather,foreventhoughitwasstillsummer,itrainedcontinuallyanditwasoftenbitterlycold.Aftersomanyyearsofsunshine,Harrisongotashock.HeactedasifhehadneverlivedinEnglandbefore.Intheend,itwasmorethanhecouldbear.Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouseandleftthecountry.Thedreamhehadhadforsomanyyearsendedthere.Harrisonhadthoughtofeverythingexcepttheweather.case

study案例分析1BeforemytriptoJapan,Ihadthoroughlystudiedthelocalcustomsandetiquette.Uponarrival,Ihadalreadymasteredtheartofthehandshakeandbow,whichhadbeenessentialinmakingagoodfirstimpression.Duringabusinessmeeting,Ihadcarefullyobservedthesubtlecuesandhadadaptedmyapproachaccordingly.Bythetimethenegotiationsconcluded,IhadgainedtherespectofmyJapanesecounterparts,andourpartnershiphadbeensolidified.TheeffortIhadinvestedinunderstandingtheirculturehadpaidoff,fosteringasuccessfulcross-culturalcollaboration.case

study案例分析2Whileworkingonaninternationalproject,wehadfacedasignificantcross-culturalconflict.TheteamfromIndiawasaccustomedtoamorecollectivedecision-makingprocess,whereasmyAmericanteamhadbeenadvocatingforindividualcontributions.Bythetimewehadrealizedtherootoftheissue,tensionshavealreadyescalated.Wehadnotanticipatedtheculturaldifferencesinourapproachtoteamwork.Afterseveraldiscussions,wecometounderstandeachother’sperspectivesandhadlearnedtointegrateourworkingstyles.请修改段落中出现的错误时态并说明原因任务在跨文化交际过程中常常会遇到各种尴尬或误解的状况。请搜集一些因言语表达不当或身体语言理解不当等造成文化冲突的相关案例，用英文撰写并分享出来(开头已写好)。I’mgoingtosharewithyouaninterestingcaseIsawonline.____________

限定词AllthefourapplicantsAlltheselastfewdays名词词组：限定词+前置修饰语+名词中心词+后置修饰语

a

rich

man

missing

last

night…起特指(specificreference)、类指(generalreference)以及表示确定数量(definitequantity)和非确定数量(indefinitequantity)等限定作用的词类the

four

all

Applicants?

last

few

all

thesedays?Try

thisWhichofthefollowingisincorrect?AllhislectureswereboringHalfhismoneywasgone.Herfewfriendsareallfondofdancing.Heinvitedmanyhisfriendstotheparty.（0~1前）+（0~1中）+（n后）+中心词KP1

限定词之间的搭配all

the

fourteachers前中后half

hislecture前中all

your

threebooks

前中后all

these

last

fewdays前中后后those

last

fewmonths中后后mythatbook(?)all

otherstudents前后such

amisfortune前中some

suchalloy

中后thefirst

twochapters后后

suchabookonesuchbookSuch

a/an为前位限定词，such为后位限定词Many

a/an为前位限定词，many为后位限定词What

a/an为前位限定词，what为中卫限定词KP2

跨类限定词1）

类指（GeneralReference）类指是表示类别，也就是泛指一类人或事，定冠词与单数名词、定冠词与形容词或分词、不定冠词与单数名词、零冠词与复数名词或不可数名词都可表示类指：a.

Therichgetricher,andthepoorgetchildren.b.

Anoxisausefulanimal.c.

Catsandtigersbelongtothesamefamilyofmammals.

d.

Unityisstrength.2）

特指

(DefiniteReference)特指一类人或物中的具体对象。一种是非常明确地指出人或物，即确定特指，定冠词常用于此；一种是非确定特指即特指具体对象，但不很明确，不定冠词和零冠词用于此。Weownadogandacat.

Thedog

isbrown,and

thecat

iswhite.Imet

anoldman

inthestreet.

Thereis

aletter

foryou.Thestreetsarecleanandshadedwith

trees.

Sheput

carrots

inthestew.KP3

类指和特指KP3

类指和特指3）

后照应特指、前照应特指、语境特指确定特指又可分为后照应特指（Anaphoricspecificreference）、前照应特指(cataphoricspecificreference)和语境特指(situationalreference)后照应特指即用定冠词表示上文已经提到的人或物。前照应特指照应的对象在后文，定冠词的指定作用决定于名词中心词的后置修饰语。语境特指建立在谈话双方共有的基础上，而不是上下文基础上。Iorderedabooksometimeago.Thebookhasnowarrived.Hereisthe

student

Itoldyouabout.Shutthedoorplease.

I’mjustbackfromthemarket.零冠词在一定的上下文中也可表示确定特指含义，也是一种语境特指：Whyisfatheroutofwork?

HewaselectedchairmanoftheStudents’

Union.1.

Theremustbe_____emptytalkbutmorehardwork.

A.fewerB.noC.theleastD.less2.

Thereare_____mistakesinthepaper.

A.theB.alittleC.muchD.afew3.

Isaw_____carsoutsidethebuilding.

A.alittleB.anyC.lotsofD.neitherDDCMultipleChoice.CorrecterrorsMr.Blakehashadfewopportunitytotravel.Wehavegotenoughtimetoreadsuchmanynovels.Ienjoybothkind,theredwineorthewhitewine.我可以跟你谈几句话吗？(words)

MayIhavea

fewwordswithyou?2.每隔几分钟电话就响一次。Thetelephonerangeveryfewminutes.3.我们很快得知，还得再多等三个星期。

Soonwelearnedthatwehadtowaitanotherthreemoreweeks.Translationcase

study案例分析1ChinaandArabcountrieshavesetanexampleinupholdingmutualrespect,solidarityandcooperation.Thetraditionalfriendshipbetweenthetwosideshasbecomestrongerwithtime.Bothsidesfirmlysupporteachotheronissuesconcerningeachother’scoreinterestsandmajorconcerns.ChinahasalwaysextendedsupporttocountriesintheMiddleEast,solvingregionalsecu