第24讲 倒装句（教师版带答案）

第份初中语法讲义倒装句年月日 第24章倒装句英语句子的最基本结构是主谓结构，倒装就是将谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面。倒装是一种语法手段，采用倒装语序，或是语法结构的需要，或是为了强调。倒装语序分为完全倒装和部分倒装。典型例句：（完全倒装）1.Herecomesthebus.（公共汽车来了。）典型例句：（部分倒装）2.NeverhaveIbeentherebefore.（我从没到过那里。）1.倒装概述英语句子的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序叫倒装语序。倒装主要有两种，完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装是指将句子的全部谓语置于主语之前。若句子中只有谓语的一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）位于主语之前，则称之为部分倒装。2.倒装的应用A.一般以here，there，now，then，up，down，out，in，away等开头的句子，要完全倒装。谓语动词通常是be，go，come，seem，follow等。Theregoesthebell.=Thebellgoes.（铃响了。）Upwenttherocketintothesky.（火箭飕地一下子升上了天。）Awaywenttheboy.（那个男孩走开了。）例外：若主语是人称代词，则主谓不倒装。Hereitis.（给你。）/Awayhewent.（他走了。）B.以never，seldom，hardly，not，neither，nor，little等否定词开头的句子，要部分倒装。通常只把助动词、系动词、情态动词提到主语之前。NevershallIforgetit.（我永远忘不了这件事。）Seldomdoeshegoout.（他不常出门。）Hardlyhadthethiefseenthepolicemanwhenheranaway.（这个小偷一看到警察就逃跑了。）Notasinglemistakedidhemake.（他没有出一个错误。）Notonlydidweloseallourmoney,butwealsocameclosetolosingourlives.（我们不但把钱全丢了，还几乎丧了命。）NoramIawarethatanyoneelseknowsthesecret.（我也不知道别人谁能知道这个秘密。）LittledidIthinkJohnwilllosethegame.（我一点也没有想到约翰会输掉比赛。）说明：little置于know，think，imagine，guess，dream，expect等有关思考意义的动词前面时，little=notatall，译为“一点也不”。Nosoonerwashebackathomethanherealizedhismistake.（他一回到家就意识到他弄错了。）C.把so，neither，nor放在句首，表示前面肯定或否定的内容也适合于后面的人或物时，要用倒装语序。Youcangosurfing,socanI.（你能冲浪，我也能。）Ihaveneverbeenabroad,neitherhashe.（我没出过国，他也是。）Ididn’tgotothecinemalastnight,nordidhe.（昨晚我没去看电影，他也没去。）D.以only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用倒装语序。Onlyinmyhousedotheyfeelathome.（只有我在家里，他们才感觉随意。）OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.（只有到那时，我才意识到我错了。）Onlyinthiswaycanyouworkouttheproblem.（只有用这种方式，你才可以解决这个问题。）Onlywhenhecamehomedidshelearnthenews.（直到他回家后，她才知道这个消息。）补充：如only修饰主语，虽放在句首，也不用倒装。OnlyAmandaandJohnreceivedmypresent.（只有阿曼达和约翰收到了我的礼物。）E.介词短语作地点状语放在句首时，要用倒装语序。Byhissidestoodalittleboy.（他身旁站着一个小男孩。）Inthemiddleofthelakeliesasmallisland.（湖的中央有一个小岛。）Behindthehillisanewexpressway.（小山的后面是一条新的高速公路。）Outofthewindowcamethesoundofmusic.（从窗外传来了音乐声。）重要：当主语是代词时，即使介词短语作地点状语放在句首，也不用倒装。Atthefootofthemountainitstands.（它坐落在山脚下。）F.让步状语从句可以把表语提前，用as代替although，构成倒装。句型：表语+as+主语+系动词Oldasheis,heworkshard.=Althoughheisold,heworkshard.（尽管他老了，但他依然很努力地工作。）Childasheis,heknowsalot.=Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.（尽管他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。）说明：as引导的让步状语从句中，名词作表语位于句首时，应注意名词前面不加冠词。G.当表示虚拟语气的条件状语从句省略if时，要将should，had或were置于从句主语之前，构成倒装。Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.（如果下雨，庄稼就有救了。）Shouldheactlikethatagain,hewouldbefiredimmediately.=Ifheshouldactlikethatagain,hewouldbefiredimmediately.（要是他再那样做，他会被立即解雇的。）补充：省略if的虚拟语气条件句中用倒装句式，一般表述与事实相反的情况。H.某些表示愿望的感叹句用倒装语序。LongliveChairmanMao!（毛主席万岁！）Mayyousucceed!（祝你成功！）I.so...that...和such...that...引导状语从句，当so或such位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。Sobadlydidhedohishomeworkthattheteachercriticizedhim.（他的作业做得太差，老师批评了他。）Soloudlydidhespeakthateveryoneintheroomcouldhearhimclearly.（他说话的声音那么大，房间里所有的人都能听清楚。）J.直接引语后注明讲话人的句子，主语是名词时，常用倒装；主语是代词时，往往不倒装。“Couldyoudomeafavour?”askedRobert.（“你能帮我个忙吗？”罗伯特问。）“Whatisitallabout?”askedthestranger.（“究竟是什么事呢？”陌生人问。）“Let’sgooutforapicnic.”hesaid.（他说：“我们出去野餐吧。”）（主语是代词时，往往不倒装）K.therebe结构中的倒装。Therearemanypeopleoverthere.（那边有很多人。）Thereusedtobeachurchnearourschool.（我们学校附近曾经有一个教堂。）Therearetwooldwomenwaitingforyouatthegate.（有两个老妇人在门口等你。）说明：在therebe句型中，there是引导词，动词be后才是真正的主语。L.方式副词（well）或频度副词（often，always，manyatime）放在句首时要用倒装语序。WelldoIremembertheday.（那个日子我记忆犹新。）Oftendidheremindmenottodoit.（他时常提醒我不要那样做。）Manyatimehashegivenmegoodadvice.（他多次给我忠告。）注意：此种倒装属于修辞性倒装，用来表示特别强调的语气。M.有时为了保持句子平衡、衔接，或为了强调表语或状语，而把表语或状语前置。Presentatthedancingpartyweretheteachersinourschoolandsomeforeignfriends.（出席舞会的是我们学校的老师和一些外国朋友。）Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake,andnearthelakearesomefarmhouses,hiddenintrees.（山脚下有一个美丽的湖泊，湖边有一些农舍，掩映在树木中。）CommonMistakes（注意！失分陷阱！）陷阱例题①__________,hisideawasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.A.StrangeasmightitsoundB.AsitmightsoundstrangeC.AsstrangeitmightsoundD.Strangeasitmightsond句意提示：他的观点听起来虽然有些奇怪，但在会议上还是被所有人接受了。陷阱追击：本题考查as引导让步状语从句时的句子语序，容易误选。正确解析：as引导让步状语从句常用倒装语序，as作连词，意为“虽然”。结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词原形+as+主语+系动词/情态动词。正确答案为D。陷阱例题②A:Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.B:__________.A.SoismineB.SomineisC.SodoesmineD.Somineis句意提示：A：我的房间在夜里变得非常冷。B：我的也是。陷阱追击：本题考查so放在句首，表示前面的内容也适合于后面的人或物，其语序易误选。正确解析：把so，neither，nor放在句首，表示前面肯定或否定的内容也适合于后面的人或物时，要用倒装语序。前一句谓语动词为gets，后一句应用does。正确答案为C。陷阱例题③__________homeworkdidwehavetodothatwehadnotimetotakearest.A.SomuchB.ToomuchC.ToolittleD.Solittle句意提示：我们不得不做如此多的作业以至于都没有时间休息。陷阱追击：本题考查so...that...引导状语从句，so位于句首时主句倒装，容易误选。正确解析：so...that...和such...that...引导状语从句，当so或such位于句首时主句要用倒装语序。由题意“以至于没有时间休息”可知“作业多”，用much。正确答案为A。陷阱例题④Notuntilthemotorbikelookedalmostnew__________repairingandcleaningit.A.hestoppedB.didhestopC.stoppedheD.hedidstop句意提示：他修理并擦洗摩托车，直到它看上去跟新的一样。陷阱追击：本题考查否定词放在句首时的倒装，要注意语序，容易误选。正确解析：以never，seldom，not，notonly...butalso，notuntil等否定词开头的句子，要部分倒装。通常只把助动词、系动词、情态动词提到主语之前。语序为“否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语+其他”，正确答案为B。FinalCheck（实力测验）1.选择填空1.A:Johnwonthefirstprizeinthecontest.B:__________.A.SohedidB.SodidheC.SohedidtooD.Sodidhe,too2.Afterthatweneversawheragain,nor__________fromher.A.didwehearB.weheardC.hadweheardD.wehaveheard3.NotuntilIbegantowork__________howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn’trealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealized4.A:DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother?B:Idon’tknow,__________.A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcareneitherD.Idon’tcarealso5.Itwasnot__________shetookoffherdarkglasses__________Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then6.Thesecretary__________outthesecretatacertainmeeting.A.doesletB.didletC.letsD.letted7.OnlyafterIreadthetextoveragain__________itsmainidea.A.IcouldunderstandB.IcancatchC.didIknowD.Ifollowed8.IfyougotoHainantotrychancesnextyear,__________.A.sodoesheB.nordoesheC.sowillheD.norwillhe9.__________thatIcouldn’tsupportmyselfatthatmoment.A.IwasweakenoughB.IwastooweakC.SoweakIwasD.SoweakwasI10.__________fromtheeighthfloorwhenthepolicemanpointedhisgunathim.A.DownjumpedthemurdererB.DownthemurdererjumpedC.DownjumpedheD.JumpeddownheKEYS:1.1.A2.A3.B4.B5.B6.B7.C8.C9.D10.A解说：1.So+sb.+助动词，这一句型表示“……的确如此”（指同一个人）；So+助动词+sb.句型表示“……也如此”（不指同一个人）。2.neither，nor放在句首，表示前面所说的内容和情况也适用于另一人（或物），此时句子要用倒装，句型为“nor+助动词+主语+动词”。3.本题考查否定词放在句首时的倒装这一语法知识点。notuntil位于句首时，主句的主谓倒装。4.同第2题解说。5.对人进行强调用连词who或that，对其他部分进行强调用that，不能用when，where，why等词。6.对谓语动词进行强调要用“do/does/did+谓语动词”这一结构。7.本题考查将only放在句首时的倒装，only+状语位于句首时，主谓要倒装。8.同第1题解说。9.本题考查“so+形容词或副词”位于句首时的主谓倒装。10.在以here，there或out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子中为了表示强调，主语是名词时，全部倒装；主语是代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变，只将副词提前。【课后作业】1.NotuntilIbegantowork____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn'tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn'trealizeD.Irealized2.Onlybypracticingafewhourseveryday____beabletomasterthelanguage.A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou3.Ifyoudon'tgo，neither____.A.shallIB.doIC.IdoD.Ishall4.Nosooner____tothestation____thetrainleft.A.hadIgot，whenB.Ihadgot，thanC.hadIgot，thanD.didIget，when5.——Yourfatherisverystrictwithyou.____.Heneverletsoffasinglemistakeofours.A.SoheisB.SoisheC.HeissoD.Sodoeshe6.____today，hewouldgettherebySunday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave7.Neverinmylife____suchathing.A.IhaveheardorhaveseenB.haveIheardorseenC.IhaveheardorseenD.didIhearorsee8.——Here____！WhereisXiaoLiu？There____.A.comesthebus，isheB.comesthebus，heisC.thebuscomes，isheD.thebuscomes，heis9.____，Iwillnotbuyit.A.MuchasdoIlikeitB.AsmuchIlikeitC.MuchasIlikeitD.AsIlikeitmuch10.——Ilikefootball.Idon'tlikevolleyball.____.A.SodoIB.NeitherdoIC.SoitiswithmeD.Soisitwithme11._____theexpense，I_____toItaly.A.Ifitwerenot，goB.Wereitnotfor，wouldgoC.Weren'titfor，willgoD.Ifithadn'tbeen，wouldhavegone12.So_____inthedarknessthathedidn'tdaretomoveaninch.A.hewasfrightenedB.washefrightenedC.frightenedhewasD.frightenedwashe13.——Inmodemtimes，girlslikebeautifulclothes.Yes,_____and.Afterall,ourlifehasgreatlyimproved.A.sodothey，sodoyouB.sotheydo，soyoudoC.sodothey，soyoudoD.sotheydo，sodoyou14.——YouhaveanEnglishclasseverydayexceptSunday._____.A.SowehaveB.SowedoC.SohaveweD.Sodowe15.Iwonderifyourwifewillgototheball.Ifyourwife_____，so_____mine.A.does，willB.will，doesC.will，wouldD.does，do16.OnlyafterIreadthetextoveragain_____itsmainidea.A.thatIknewB.didIknowC.1couldknowD.Ididknow17.——YouseemtohavelearnedalltheEnglishwordsbyheart._____.A.SoldoB.SodolC.SoIhaveD.SohaveI18.——IseldomwatchTV，butlistentotheradioalot._____.A.SodoIB.NeitherdoIC.ImthesameD.Soitiswithme19.Soexcited_____thathecouldn'tsayaword.A.heseemedB.didheseemC.washeseemingD.hedidlook20.Jimmywassonervousnotasingleword_____downinthedictation.A.hewroteB.hewaswrittenC.didhewriteD.washewritten21.Little______when1tookthetripwhereitwouldleadme.A.haveIknownB.hadIknownC.do1knowD.didIknow22.——Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore？----____.A.No，IneverhaveseenanythinglikethatbeforeB.No，neverIhaveseenanythinglikethatbeforeC.No，neverhave1seenanythinglikethatbeforeD.No，Ihaveseenanythinglikethatbeforenever23._____，1wouldaccepttheinvitationandgototheparty.A.WereIyouB.WasIyouC.HadIbeenyouD.Would1beyou24.Youshouldworkless_____.A.andneithershouldIB.andsoshouldIC.andnorshouldID.andsoIshould25._____andcaughtthemouse.A.UpthecatjumpedB.ThecatupjumpedC.UpjumpedthecatD.Jumpedupthecat26.Notonly_____apromise，butalsohekeptit.A.didhemakeB.hemadeC.doeshemakeD.hashemade27.Hisuncleisaworkerandhasbeenworkinginthefactoryformorethantenyears._____.A.SoishisauntB.SohashisauntC.SohisauntdoesD.Soitiswithhisaunt28.Notonce_____theirplan.A.did