定语从句学案初高中英语衔接课程

关系代词（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语）thatwhichwho,whom,whose,关系副词（在从句中只作状语）when,whywho/whowhomthat可省whose/ofwhich/whichthat可省whose/ofthat（1）主句已有疑问词who或which。WhoisthepersonthatissittingbytheHetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadall,much,little,something,somebody,nobody,anything,nothing,I’dliketotellyousomethingthatwillmakeyouThisisthebestwaythatcanpreventHeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.（6）先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame,all,any,each,every,few,little,no,oneof等词修饰时LiMingistheonlyonethatwantstobeateacher.Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousome*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat were (publish)last*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovels was (publish)lastwhich,EdisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenwhichThefish,whichIboughtthismorning,isveryLondon,whichisthecapitalofUK,isaverybeautifulIwasputinapositionin which IhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.Therearemanyreasons for which peopleliketraveling.Hebuiltatelescope which hecouldstudytheThe peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthethat,那么另一句的关系词就需whichLetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlywhere作地点状语。先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case,point,situation,circumstance,activitystage,Thehotelwherewestayedwasvery=Thehotel(that/which)westayedatwasvery=Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasverywhenwhentime,daydate等，when在从句中作时间状语。先行词还可以是抽象的时间名词，如：occasion，age[特别重要]I’llneverforgetthetimewhenwefirst=I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichwefirstwhyThereasonwhyIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.=ThereasonforwhichIgotajobwasthatIworkedThisisthecollege(that/which)IThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedthreeyears,visitedwhere,thereinthecollege。Thisisthe hewasThisisthe that/which可 hegavefornotThisisthe that/which可 IvisitedThisisthe that/ sellsThisisthe TVsetsareI’llneverforgetthe that/which可 wespentI’llneverforgetthe Igot关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/that)IshookhandsIsthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastlookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof,payattentionto,lookforwardto,dependEgYoushouldn’tneglectthesmalldetailsthatwhichyouneedtopayattentiontotoMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice．=MandelawastheblacklawyerwhomIwenttoforHewroteabook,thenameofwhichI’vepletelyforgotten.Theoldmanhastwodaughters,bothofwhomaredoctors．LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglish=LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,ofwhichthreewereEnglishChinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisIcalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichmistakeIapologized.(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。They’llneverforgetJuly1whichHongKongreturnedtoitsHongKongisthecitywhichheWuSongwasthemanwhomthetigerwas定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。区别：ThisisthebookIlike Beijing,whichhasbeenChina’scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoric(al)4.翻译时，限定性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；Hehasasister,whoisamusician.(有几个姐妹 Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.(有几个姐妹 5.引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词，whowhomwhose,whichwhose,指整个句as,which;when,where,forwhich.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.as多用于thesame...as;such/so...as;as...as等结构中。如：IhavethesamebookasyouWewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.IsawsograndaNationalDaycelebrationasIneverdreamof.Heisasgreatapainteraseverlived.翻译成： orIliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.（ I’mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.（ 比较：定语从句or结果状语从句？Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift. Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanlift asknow,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.(as作=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.（as作=It’sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone’s=Smokingisharmfultoone’shealth,asweall=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone’sHewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhis(as作 语,先行词是前面整个句子aswhichwhich引导的定语从句只置于所限定的句子后；asas可置于所限制的句子Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryJackasyouknowisanhonestman.JackisanhonestmanasyouAsyouknowJackisanhonestwhich引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（先行词是一个词）Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行词是一个句子）Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoHewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisseem,bee等，一般不用其他行为动词。Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedHedidn’tsayanythingatthemeeting,as/whichseemedvery④as一般译为“正如”“就像”，which翻译成“这一点”常用的结构有asweallknow;asoftenhappens;asisoftenthecase;aswecansee;asisannounced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported等。【常考的结构！！！】waytimeWhatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayhesaid.1)在定语从句中，theway在从句中充当方式状语inwhichthat或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就thatwhich。2)timetime作“次数”that引导定语从句，thattime作“一段时间，时代”whenat/during＋which引导定语从句。ThisisthewomanthemusiciansaidwasthemostwonderfulpianistintheWewilldiscussthebenefits Ifeelhaveresultedfromtheproject.Theywenttotheplacetheybelievedtheycouldfindsomefood.十、定语从句中的主谓一致1.关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。2.“oneof+复数名词”作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当代词前有the,theonly,thevery等修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数。TitanicistheonlyofthesewonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.填空(YoumayusemorethanonewordinsomeSheshowedmethebook shepaid5Themitteeconsistsof20members,five areHeistheonlyperson IwanttotalkSuchpeople werementionedbyhimwereWeareinaposition wemaylosealargesumofThebank wasopenedlastweekisaverymodernSmith, isasurgeon,isnowinSwedenasavisitingThepalace Ioftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thThisisilm haseverbeenIsthereanything IcandoforThehero leftlegwaslostinthewariswelllookedGrannyWang, eldestsondiedintheearthquake,livesnexttomyOnthehillweremapletrees leaveshadturnedTheaudience,most_ werecollegestudents,enjoyedtheBambooishollow, makesitvery weknow,waterresourcesareverylimitedontheTheyear1968, theAmericanastronautsfirstlandedonthemoon,wasimportantinhistory.ThecityofPisa, Galileomadehisfamousexperimentoffallingobjects,isnowatouristcity.ThisisthereasonhelefttheThisisthereason hegaveusforhisWhenIarrived,Bryantookmetoseethehouse IwouldbeTheevening, Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,hadagreatinfluenceonmyManycountriesaresettingupnationalparks_ animalsandplantscanbeTheairquality, isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwoIhavereachedapointinmylife IamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyWearelivinginanageeverbefore. moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereaseeverbefore.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_ hasdevelopedgradually.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers, agreateffectonmyTheoldtemple roofwasdamagedinastormisnowunderIcanthinkofmanycases studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.Wewentthroughaperiodtheruralareas. municationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn’tgetataxi thebushaddroppedAftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,_ turnedouttobeawisedecision—Doyouhaveanythingtosayfor—Yes,thereisonewemustinsistNowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment live.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses arebuiltclosetoeachHewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool, hewentontoBeijingSalesdirectoris municationabilityisjustasimpor