中考英语专题复习：动词不定式+讲义

中考专题复习：非谓语动词之动词不定式【课前一测】1.Planyourtimecarefullyandmakesureyouhavesometime

whatyoulikeeveryday.A.do

B.todo

C.doing

D.done2.Whynot____anEnglishclubtopractice___English?A.tojoin;tospeakB.join;speakingC.join;tospeakD.tojoin;speaking3.Whenwecametothegate,hestopped_____megoinfirst.A.toletB.totellC.toallowD.toask4.Ifpeople____cuttingdowntheforest,theywillhavenowhere____.A.keep;toliveinB.willkeep;toliveinC.keep;toliveD.willkeep;tolive5.Itisimportant____thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplayB.forhimtoplayC.ofhimplayingD.forhimplaying【课题导入】改一改：修改下列句子使之语法上正确。1.WeaskTomplayfootball.2.Mydreamisbeadoctor.3.Gotoaverygoodhighschool,youneedtostudyhard.4.Don’tforgetlockingthedoor.7.Itisverykindofyouhelpingme.【授之以渔】一、概述动词的非谓语形式：动词不做谓语时的固定形式。非谓语动词形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式是非谓语动词形式中的一种。①基本形式：不定式符号to+V原形否定形式：nottodo被动形式：tobedone完成形式：tohavedone疑问形式：wh-疑问词+to+do②动词不定式功能：具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语状语、表语和宾语补足语。但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟语、表语和状语。动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。二、动词不定式用法1、作主语通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用forsb表示不定式的逻辑主语)。例：Tohelpanimalsishelpingpeople.常考经典句型（牢记）：Itisadj+forsbtodosth含义：做某事对于某人来说怎么样。adj描述事情例：ItisveryeasyforustolearnChinesewell.学好汉语对于我们来说很容易。（easy描述学好汉语）。Itisadj+ofsbtodosth含义：做某事，某人怎么样。adj修饰人，表示人的性格和品德。例：Itiskindofyoutohelpme.帮助我，你真是太友好了。ItiscruelofGuangxipeopletokilldogsformeat.杀狗吃肉，广西人真是太残忍了。Ittakessb+时间+todosth含义：做某事花费某人多长时间例：Ittookmehalfanhourtoworkoutthisproblem.花了我半个小时解决这个问题。2、作宾语(1)及物动词+todo谓语动词(vt.)+不定式（常考固定搭配）want(想)/try(试图)/decide(决定)/wouldlike(想要)/hope(希望)/love(喜爱)/learn(学会)/afford(提供)/agree(同意)/fail(失败、未能)/mean(意味着)/prefer(宁愿)/wish(希望)+todo例：Iwouldliketohavearestatthemoment.我现在想休息一下。Theybegantosearchtheroomforthethief.他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷。Helikedtohaveaswiminthepoolnearhishouse.他喜爱在靠家的水塘里泳。WhendidyoulearntospeakEnglish?你什么时候开始学英语的？Don’tforgettoclosethedoorwhenyouleave.你离开时别忘了关门。(2) 及物动词+todo与及物动词+doing意义上的区别（常考）remembertodo记得去做rememberdoing记得做过forgettodo忘记去做forgetdoing忘记做过stoptodo停下来去做...(另一件事情)stopdoing停止做（一直在做的事情）trytodo努力做……trydoing尝试做……meantodo计划去做meandoing意味做goontodo继续做(另一件事情)goondoing（一直在做的事情）[比较]Heforgottoturnoffthelight.他忘了关灯。(没关)Heforgotturningoffthelight.他忘记关过灯。(关了)Pleaseremembertoringmeup.记得给我打电话。(还没打电话)Iremembercallingyouyesterdaybutyouforgot.我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了。(打过电话)（3）及物动词+疑问词+不定式谓语动词(vt.)+wh-疑问词+不定式(作宾语)[说明]tell(告诉)/show(显示)/know(知道)/ask(问)/findout(发现)/understand(明白)/wonder(疑惑)/learn(学会)/forget(忘记)/remember(记得)/teachsb.(教某人)/discuss(商讨)whatwhere+how+to(do)whowhich……不定式疑问形式还可以作句子的主语、表语等。例：Hedoesnotknowwhichonetotake.他不知道该选哪个。Tellmehowtogettothestation.告诉我怎么样去火车站。Sheaskedmewhattodofortoday’shomework.她问我今天家庭作业做什么。Canyouteachmehowtosearchtheinternet?你能教我怎样上网吗？【注意】不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。例：Ifounditnotveryeasytolearntorideabike.我发现学骑车不很容易。WeChatmakesitcomvenientforpeopletocommunicatewithothers.微信让人们与他人沟通变得方便。3、作定语放在名词或代词后面。（1）记住下面的一些常考结构：被修饰部分+不定式(作后置定语)汉语意思akeytolockthedoor锁门的钥匙aboxtoholdthesethings装这些东西的箱子giveherabooktoread给她一本书读Isthereany(+名词/代词)to(do)?有…要(做的)吗?It’stimetogo.是走的时间了。/该走了。Doyouhaveanyworktodo?你有工作要做吗?I’dlikesomethingtoeat.我要点儿吃的。Ihavenothingtosay.我没有话要说。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你要点儿喝的吗？（2）如果不定式动词是不及物动词,则后面必须加介词。例：Theycouldnotfindaplacetolivein.他们找不到住的地方。Pleasegivemeachairtositon.请给我一张椅子坐坐。Hehasgotawritingbrushtowritewith.他找到了写字的毛笔。4、作状语（1）放在不及物动词(come,go,stop,finish,wait等词)的后面。例：Hecametoseeheryesterday.他昨天来看望她。(表示来的目的)Istoppedtohavearest.我停下来休息一会儿。(表示停下来的目的)（2）放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”后)例：Wecleanedtheroomtolethimplayinit.我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩。Iopenedthewindowtoseemoreclearly.我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿。（3）作目的状语的不定式短语有时可以放在句首。例：Toarrivethereontime,Igotuponehourearlierthanusual.为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时。(表示早起的目的)（4）不定式作原因状语基本结构：sb+adj+todo.例：Iamsorrytohearthat.听到这个我非常难过。Iamgladtoseeyou.很高兴见到你。5、作表语不定式作表语基本结构：连系动词+todo。例：Myjobistokeepthegoal.我的工作就是守住球门。Mydreamistobeadoctor.我的梦想是做一名医生。6、作宾语补足语(务必牢记)谓语动词(vt.)+宾语+不定式(作宾补)ask(请)/tell(告诉)/teach(教)/want(想要)/wouldlike(想要)/get(让)/help(帮)/invite(邀请)/like(喜欢)/warn(警告)/order(命令)/encourage(鼓励)/allow(允许)+sb./sth.+todomake(使得)/let(让)/hear(听)/see(看)/feel(感觉)/watch(观看)/have(使得)/help(帮助)+sb./sth.+do例：Mumaskedmetohelpherwiththecooking.Iwouldlikeyoutoseemyparents.Thebossoftenmadetheworkerswork14hoursaday.Nowletmehearyouplaytheviolin.[注意]help之后作宾补的不定式符号to可以省略；hear/see/feel/watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含义不同,需特别注意【比较】IheardhercryingwhenIwalkedpast.我路过时听到她正在哭。(指当时瞬间的情况)Isatnearherandheardhersingthenewsong.我坐在她附近听她唱新歌。(指整个过程)【典例训练】1.Wheneveryouhaveachance

English,youshouldtakeit.A.speak

B.tospeak

C.spoke

D.speaks2.—Whyareyousoexcited?—Peterinvitedme____onatriptoYuntaiMountain.A.

togo

B.go

C.going

D.went3.Taketimelorelaxbylisteningtomusic,readingabookorjustspendingsometimealone.

Relaxingallowsyou

toyourstudentswithmoreenergy.

A.return

B.toreturn

C.returningD.tobereturned4.Whenpeoplewanttorelaxthemselves,theyprefer

TVorlistentomusicrather

than

newspapers.A.watching;read

B.watching;toread

C.towatch;read

D.towatch;reading5.MrWangdoeswhathecan________usimproveourEnglish.A.help

B.tohelp

C.helping

D.helped6.Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided_______.A.togoout

B.nottogoout

C.tonotgoout

D.notgoingout【课堂小结】类型用法/相关动词作主语谓语动词单复数：it句型：作宾语（vt+todo固定搭配）作宾语补足语（vtsbtodo）作状语be+adj+todo（原因）；（inorder）todo(目的)too+adj+todo;beadjenoughtodoVt+todo/vt+doing辨析【真题链接】1.“Nowwearetryingourbest15thepenguineggs.Doyouwanttohelpme?”Dadasked.（2024广州中考）A.protect B.toprotect C.protecting D.protected2.Hewasnotfastenough___4___theworms(虫子)MamaBirdbroughtback.(2023广州中考）A.get B.got C.getting D.toget3.Mydadaskedme___6___itintothekitchen.（2022广州中考）A.bring B.bringing C.brought D.tobring4.Thecornwassavedallbecauseonelittleraindroptrieditsbest___15___whatitcould.（2021广州中考）A.do B.doing C.todo D.did【学以致用】1.Tom’smothertoldhim_____eatingtoomuchmeat.A.stopping

B.tostop

C.stops

D.stopped2.WaterParkisagoodplace_.A.tohavefun

B.havefun

C.havingfun

D.tohaveafun3.Itisveryimportantforus________Englishwell.A.learn

B.learning

C.tolearn

D.learned4.Boysandgirls,

attention,please.Nowletmetellyou____totheBirdIsland.A.howtoget

B.whattoget

C.whomtoget

D.wheretoget5.Mymotheraskedme_____theroom.A.clean

B.cleans

C.toclean6.Kittywouldrather______totheparkthanwatchTV.A.togo

B.go

C.going

D.goes7.Bruceoftenasksme______himtoplaytheguitar.A.teach

B.toteach

C.taught

D.teaches8.Manystudentssaidthattheywerewillingtoworkhardtomaketheirdreams_______true.A.come

B.came

C.comesD.tocome9.Pleasetellthestudents________toomuchnoiseinclass.A.tomake

B.totake

C.nottotake

D.nottomake10.—Thedoctortoldme____toomuchbutIfinditdifficult.—Thedoctorisright.Thelessyoudrink,

______youwillbe.A.don'tdrink;thehealthier

B.nottodrink;thehealthierC.nottodrink;themorehealthier

D.don'tdrink;healthier11.Myparentsoftenaskme_________toomuchtime______computergames.A.nottospend;playing

B.nottospend;toplay

C.tonotspend;play12.Parentsoftenaskus_____waterinourlife.A.save

B.savin

C.tosave

D.saves13.Remember________thebooktothelibrarywhenyoufinish_______it.A.toreturn;toread

B.returning;readingC.toreturn;reading

D.returning;toread14.

Morn

does

all

the

housework

so

that

Sarah

can

take

the

time_____her

words

on

paper

A.

put

B.

putting

C.

to

put

D.

puts15..

In

those

days,

people

got

no

chance

____to

read

and

write.

A.

learn

B.

to

learn

C.

learning

D.

learned

16.Tell

him_____

the

window.A.

toshut

not

B.

not

to

shut

C.

to

notshut

D.don’tto

shut

17.Inhis

e-mail,

David

promised

_____

his

daughterduring

her

stay

in

Japan.A.

visiting

B.

visit

C.

visited

D.

to

visit18.DoIneed____abus?

Yes,

No

3

bus

will

takeyou

thereA

taking

B.

to

take.

C

takes

D.

take19.—I

don’t

knowwhat______

_for

my

littlesister.—Askirt

is

OKA

.tobuy

B.

buying

C

to

read

D.

reading20.—Why

did

youbuy

so

many

flowers!

—mywife,

I

did

something

wrong

yesterday.

She

is

still

angry

withme.A.

Please

B.To

please

C.

Pleasing

D.

Be

pleased【知行合一】一、选择最佳选项。1.Ifpricesrisetoohigh,thegovernmenthastodosomething_________it.A.stop

B.stopped

C.stopping

D.tostop2.Whattimedoyouexpecther________?A.arrive

B.isarriving

C.arriving

D.toarrive3.Thismathproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme________,George?A.whattoworkout

B.toworkitout

C.howtoworkitout

D.howtoworkoutit4.

Ifyouseethecartoonfilm,itwillmakeyou______.A.laugh

B.tolaugh

C.laughing

D.laughed5.—Ifeeltiredandsleepy.—Whynot?

A.rest

B.torest

C.resting

D.rested6.Driversshouldn’tbeallowed_____afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.A.drive

B.driving

C.todriveD.drove7.Weshouldbemorecareful

muchtimeoncomputergames.A.nottospend

B.tonotspend

C.nottocost

D.nottaketo8.Sheusedto

inthemorning,butnowsheisusedto

atnight.A.read,read

B.read,reading

C.reading,read

D.reading,reading9.

—Don’tforget_____yourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.

—Thanks.Iwon’t.A.bring

B.tobring

C.bringingD.brought10.Wecan'tworkoutthephysicsproblem.Canyoutellus

?A.howtodo

B.whattodoit

C.howtodoit

D.whatshouldtodo11.Teachersoftentellus_____intheriverafterschool.A.don'tswim

B.notswim

C.nottoswim12.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_________me.A.

help

B.helping

C.tohelp

D.helps13.Wecanmakeafire______theroomwarmsothatwecanchatforawhile.

B.keeping

C.keep

D.kept14.Ourparentsoftentellusnot____aloneintheriverinsummer.A.swimB.toswimC.swimming15.IspendmuchmoretimeplayingbasketballthanI______formylessons.A.spendtoprepare

B.dopreparing

C.dotoprepare

D.spendprepare16.—Pleasetelltheboys

anynoise.Mybabyissleeping.—OK.I’lldoitatonce.A.notmake

B.tomake

C.nottomake17.Theassistantwon’tletyou______thecinemaifyouhaven’taticket.A.enter

B.toenter

C.entering

18.Thefinalexamiscoming.Ourteacherstellus_____time.A.nottowaste

B.notwaste

C.don’twaste19.—Doyouknowwhyheleftsoearly?—_______fortheEnglishtest,Iguess.A.Tostudy

B.Study

C.Studied

D.Studying20.—Ioftenhavehamburgersforlunch.—You’dbetter.It’sbadforyou______toomuchjunkfood.A.eat

B.toeat

C.eating

D.ate二、完形填空Septemberisthetimeforstudentstogobacktoschool!ForChinesestudents,mostschoolsstartonthesameday.Wewillsharesummerstorieswiththesameclassmates__1__thefirst­yearstudents.ButinUSschools,studentsgetreadyforclassesalittle__2__．Firstofall,USschoolsdon'tallstartonthesameday.ClassesbeginanytimebetweenAugustandSeptember.Every__3__decideswhentobegintheirclasses.Ifsummersaretoo__4__，thenschoolwillusuallystartalittlelater.Everyyearweusuallyseethesameteachersandclassmates,butUSstudentshavesomebigchanges.InUShighschools,teachersdivide__5__intodifferentlevelsorfocuses.Studentscanchoosetheirfavoriteteachersandcoursesaccordingtotheirabilitiesand__6__．ThismeansthateveryyearUSstudentswill__7__differentclassroomsforeachclass.Theywillmeet__8__classmatesandteachersineachone.Also,studentswillgotoschoolafewdaysearlytogettheir__9__sothattheycanknowtheclasseseveryday.Forfirstyearstudents,thefirstdayofschoolalsomeanstheyfinallygettheirownlockers(储物箱).PrimaryschoolstudentsintheUShavetoshareclosets(储物柜)withtheir__10__.Butoncestudentsmakeittojuniorhightheyfinallygetone.()1.A.including B.except C.besides()2.A.early B.late C.differently()3.A.school B.city C.town()4.A.dry B.cool C.hot()5.A.students B.classes C.subjects()6.A.ages B.interests C.habits()7.A.see B.enter C.build()8.A.new B.special C.unfriendly()9.A.homework B.books C.schedule()10.A.classmates B.teachers C.owners三.阅读理解AlfredNobel,thegreatSwedishinventorandindustrialist,wasborninStockholmonOctober21,1833,butmovedtoRussiawithhisparentsin1842,wherehisfather,Immanuel,madeastrongpositionforhimselfintheengineeringindustry.ImmanuelNobelinve