小学英语五升六暑期讲义第8讲：阅读理解专题讲解（教师版）

课程主题：阅读理解专题讲解授课时间：学习目标学习目标：1.了解阅读理解常考的几种类型和题型；2.掌握阅读理解的解题方法。教学内容【进门测试】BenisgoingtovisithisgrandparentsinNewYorknextweek.Hewantstogivesomepresentstothem.Yesterdayhewentshoppingwithhisparents.Intheshop,heboughtabluesweaterandblacktrousersforhisgrandfatherandsomegoodbooksforhisgrandmother.Bothhisparentsthoughttheywereverygoodpresents.Benwasveryhappy.（1）WhereareBen'sgrandparents?A.

InLondon

B.

InNewYork

C.

InBeijing（2）WhatdidBendoyesterday?A.

Hevisitedhisgrandparents.

B.

Hewentshoppingwithhisfriends.

C.

Hewentshoppingwithhisparents.（3）Howmanypeoplewentshoppingyesterday?A.

One

B.

Two

C.

Three（4）Hebought_____forhisgrandmother.A.

blacktrousers

B.

somebooks

C.

bluesweater（5）WhenisBengoingtovisithisgrandparents?A.

Tomorrow

B.

Nextweek

C.

Yesterday答案：BCCBB【多元导学】如何用英文表示“剪刀石头布”？我们用石头剪刀布来决定吧，如何用英文表达？【互动精讲】阅读理解阅读理解是英语中词汇、句式、语法的综合运用，是一个比较综合的题目，对所掌握的英语技能的程度要求比较高；既要重视对英语基础知识的掌握，又要养成阅读的好习惯，加强练习。【知识梳理1】判断题阅读在阅读题目的各种形式中，相对而言，判断题的难度最较小，完成判断题的选择题最为有效的方法是用题目中的句子和文章里的原句对照，通过对照进行判断。【例题精讲】阅读文章，对的写T，错的写F。A:YangLing,whatdidyoudolastSunday?

B:IvisitedLiuTao’sgrandparents.

A:Wheredotheylive?

B:TheyLiveinasmalltownnearNanjing.Theyhaveareallynicehouse.IwenttherewithSuHai,SuYang,GaoShan,LiuTaoandBen.Theywereverygladtoseeus.LiuTao’sgrandpashowedusalotofstampsfromdifferentcountries.Hisgrandmacookedusnicelunch.Welikedthefoodverymuch.

A:Whatdidyoudothere?

B:Inthemorning,wecleanedtheirhouse.Intheafternoon.Weworkedintheirgarden.SuHaiandSuYangwateredthetreesandflowers.LiuTaoandGaoShanpickedapples.BenandIplantedsometrees.Weworkedforabouttwohours.

A:Wereyoutired?

B:No!Ilikeworkinginthegarden.Wehadareallygoodtime.

A:Great!I’dliketovisitthem,too.

()1.WangBingandYangLingvisitedLiuTao’sgrandparentslastSunday.

()2.Onthefarm,YangLingplantedtrees.

()3.LiuTao’sgrandmacookedanicelunch.

()4.YangLingandSuHaiplantedflowers.

()5.Theyworkedonthefarmforabouttwohours.答案：FFTFF解析：批注：解决此类题目一般要求学生先浏览题目，找出关键词，带着关键词去看文章，将句子与原文进行对比，然后做出判断。这样不但节省时间，提高速度，而且可以抓住重点，做到有的放矢。1.由对话可知，B是YangLing.“IwenttherewithSuHai,SuYang,GaoShan,LiuTaoandBen.”YangLing是和SuHai,SuYang,GaoShan,LiuTao,Ben一起去的，并没有和WangBing，所以本题是错的。2.“BenandIplantedsometrees”，YangLing种树是对的，但是注意此处的地点“Weworkedintheirgarden.”是inthegarden，而不是题目中所说的onthefarm，所以本题是错的。3.“LiuTao’sgrandpashowedusalotofstampsfromdifferentcountries.Hisgrandmacookedusnicelunch.”此处His是指LiuTao’s，所以本题是对的。4.“SuHaiandSuYangwateredthetreesandflowers.”“BenandIplantedsometrees.”并没有提到种花，所以本题是错的。5.“Weworkedintheirgarden”而不是workonthefarm,不符合题目，是错的。【巩固练习】Wecanseewallseverywhereintheworld.ButtheGreatWallofChinaisthebiggestofall.TheChinesecallit.“TheTen-thousand-LiGreatWall.”Itisinfactmorethan6,000kilometerslong.It’s4to5meterswide.Inmostplaces,fivehorsesortenmencanwalksidebyside.WhenyouvisittheGreatWall,youcan’thelpwonderinghowtheChinesepeoplewereabletobuildsuchagreatthousandsyearsago.Withoutanymodernmachine,itwasreallyverydifficulttobuildit.Theyhadtodoalltheworkbyhand.Ittookmillionsofmenhundredsofyearstobuildit.TheGreatWallhadahistoryofovertwothousandyears.Thekingsbegantobuildthefirstpartofitabouttwothousandsevenhundredyearsago.ThenQinShihuanghadallthewallsjoinedup.Hethoughtthatcouldkeeptheenemiesoutofthecountry.TodaytheGreatWallhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.NotonlyChinesepeoplebutalsopeoplefromallovertheworldcometovisitit.()1.InmostplacesintheGreatWall,tenhorsesorfivemencanwalksidebyside.()2.TheGreatWallofChinaisthebiggestwalloftheworld.()3.IttookthousandsofmenhundredsofyearstobuildtheGreatWall.()4.TodaytheGreatWallhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.()5.Thekingsbegantobuildthefirsttwopartsofitaboutonethousandsevenhundredyearsago.答案：FTFTF【知识梳理2】选择题阅读阅读理解选择题中考查的较多，常见的如细节题，推测题，判断对错题，主旨大意题等。在解决此类题型时，需要先快速略读文章，然后根据题目中的关键词在文中找出范围，运用排除法，推断法等选出正确答案。【例题精讲】MygrandfatherneverwatchedTV.Hethoughtthatpeoplespent（花费）toomuchtimewatchingit.Someofhisfriendsoftentalkedaboutsportsshows,thefilmsandplays.Mygrandfathersaidtohimself（自言自语）,"Theyneverreadanybooksorgooutintheevening".Sohedidn'tbuyaTV.

Twoyearsagomygrandfatherwas60yearsold.Hestoppedworkinginthehospital.MyfatherboughthimaTV.Hebegantowatchallthenews.Heknowsmuchmoreabouttheworldnow.Andhereadsmorebooks,too.

Now,mygrandfatherwillgetveryangry(生气)ifyoutrouble(麻烦)himwhenheiswatchingTV.Ican'tknowthatonecanchange(改变)hisideawhenheis60.1）细节题。根据题目中的关键词在文章中找出相应的范围，并对比推敲。()1.Mygrandfatherdidn'twatchTVbecause________.

A.hehadnotimetowatchit

B.hethoughtpeoplespenttoomuchtimewatchingTV

C.hecouldn'tbuytheTVset

D.hethoughtwatchingTVisbadforpeople'seyes答案：B批注：本题的关键词是didn’twatchTV.根据文章中“Hethoughtthatpeoplespenttoomuchtimewatchingit.”可知本题选B。()2.Mygrandfather______whenheworkedinthehospital.

A.wenttomountainsB.playedsports

C.readbooksD.watchedTV答案：C批注：遇到比较复杂的顺序题时可以列出图表，分清楚after,before,when等的先后顺序。“Theyneverreadanybooksorgooutintheevening”“Andhereadsmorebooks,too”爷爷觉得其他人不读书，到后来他既看电视也读书，可以推断爷爷在医院工作时也是读书的。()3.Mygrandfatherdidn'tworkinthehospital_______.

A.afterhewas60

B.beforemyfatherboughthimaTV

C.whenmyfatheraskedhimnottowork

D.afterhelikedwatchingthenews答案：B批注：“Twoyearsagomygrandfatherwas60yearsold.Hestoppedworkinginthehospital.MyfatherboughthimaTV.”爷爷在六十岁的时候，先停止了医院的工作，然后爸爸给他买了电视，所以要理清先后顺序，选B。2）数字计算题。找出文章中的数字，根据文章意思判断。

()4.Mygrandfatheris_______now.

A.58B.60C.62D.61

答案：C批注：“Twoyearsagomygrandfatherwas60yearsold.”两年前爷爷六十岁，根据计算，现在应该是六十二岁。3）判断题。首先看清题意，是要求选正确的还是错误的，然后使用排除法、推断法选出正确答案。

()5.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisright?

A.Thewriterknowswhyhisgrandfatherchangedhisidea.

B.MygrandfatheroftenwatchesTVnow.

C.MygrandfatherboughtaTVattheageof60.

D.ThewriterandhisgrandfatherlikewatchingTV.答案：B批注：此处我们应用排除法。A作者并不知道祖父为什么那么快改变主意；C电视机是爸爸买的；D没提到作者喜欢看电视；B是对的，根据常识和文章内容判断，爷爷现在肯定是经常看电视的。4）主旨题。了解文章大意后，选出最合适的答案，有可能四个选项都是对的，但一定是要最符合题目的。()6.What’sthemain(主要的)ideaofthispassage?Mygrandfatherdidn’tlikewatchingTVbefore.Mygrandfatherlikesreadingbooks.Mygrandfatherdidn’tlikewatchingTVbefore,buthelikeswatchingTVverymuchnow.Weshouldn’ttroublehimwhenhewaswatchingTV.答案：C批注：本题的四个选项都是对的，但是最符合题意的主旨是祖父以前不喜欢看电视，现在很喜欢看电视，所以选C。【巩固练习】HelenKellerlivedintheUSA.Shewasagreatwoman.WhenHelenwasababy,shegotveryill.Aftermanyweeks,thedoctorsaid,"Sheisbetter,butnowshecan'tseeandshecan'thear.”Hermotherandfatherwereverysad.Afewyearslater,thingsgotworse.TherewasnowayforHelentospeaktootherpeople.Sheheardnothing.Shesawnothing.Shedidn'tunderstandanything.ThenonedayateachercametolivewithHelenandherfamily.TheteacherhelpedHelenlearnaboutwords.Helenwasaveryclevergirlandsoonshelearnedtospellherfirstword.Whenshewasolder,shewenttocollege.Helentraveledaroundtheworldandhelpedmanyblindanddeafpeople.Shebecamefamousallovertheworld.Helenwasaveryoldwomanwhenshedied.Theworldremembershertodayasabraveandwonderfulperson.Shewasblindanddeaf,butshefoundawaytoseeandhear.()1.HelenKellergotveryillwhen________.A.shewenttocollegeB.shewasababyC.herteachercametohomeD.shewasveryold( )2.Helendidn'tunderstandanythingbecause________.shewasillsheheardnothingandsawnothing shewasababyshecouldn'tspeaktootherpeople( )3.________taughtHelenKellerherfirstword.A.HerteacherB.HermotherC.HerfatherD.Thedoctor()4.Helenliveda________参考上面的方法哦！A.longB.painfulC.shortD.poor参考上面的方法哦！()5.HelenKellerwasfamousbecause________.shewasanAmericanshetraveledaroundtheworldherteachertaughthermanythingsshelearnedtoreadandwriteandhelpedmanypeopleintheworld()6.TheworldremembersHelenKellertodaybecause________.shewasabraveandwonderfulpersonshewasblindanddeafshewasveryclevershewenttocollege()7.HelenKellerwasblindanddeaf,but________.shefoundawaytotravelaroundtheworldhermotherandfatherdidn'tfeelsadshefoundawaytounderstandtheworldshefoundouthowpeoplebecameblindanddeafKey:BBAADAC【知识梳理3】回答问题型阅读理解阅读理解中回答问题的题型中，要注意提问和回答的是什么内容，单词的拼写，时态，人称的转换等。【例题精讲】TheWhitesalwaysgetupearlyeveryday.Inthemorningfatheralwaysgoestowork.SandyandSuealwaysgotoschool.Motherusuallystaysathome.Atnoon,SandyandSuealwayshavelunchatschool.Intheafternoon,SandyandSuecomefromschool.Theyusuallyarrive(到达)homeearly.Intheevening,SandyandSuealwaysdotheirhomework.Atnight,theygotobedearly,butit'sdifficult(困难的)forthemtofallasleep（入睡）.回答下列问题：

1.--HowmanypeoplearethereinMr.White'sfamily?--Thereare______.

2.--Whogetsupearly?--The__________________________.

3.--Doesthemotherworkinafactory?--________________.

4.--DoSandyandSuefallasleepearly?--________________________________.答案：1.four2.Whites3.No,shedoesn’t.4.No,theydon’t.批注：1.这家一共有四口人，Mr.White,Mrs.White,Sandy，Sue四个人。2.“TheWhitesalwaysgetupearlyeveryday”本题填TheWhites。注意横线前已经有了the，所以后面只要填Whites.不要忘记复数。3.根据文章中“Motherusuallystaysathome.”可知妈妈不上班。一般疑问句提问时，只有两种回答。Does…?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.本题填否定形式。4.根据文章中“Atnight,theygotobedearly,butit'sdifficultforthemtofallasleep.”虽然孩子们上床很早，但是很难入睡。【巩固练习】ThesunandthewindLonglongago,thewindandthesunhadaquarrel(争吵).Thewindsaidhewasstrongerthanthesunandthesunsaidhewasstrongerthanthewind.Soonamancamealongtheroad."Seethatman,Icanmakethemantakeoffhiscoat."saidthewind.Butthesunsaid"No,youcan't,butlasttheybothsaid,"Let'stry."Thewindsaidhewouldtryfirst.Heblewandblew.Theweatherbecamecold.Themansaid,"Itisverycold."Sohedidn'ttakeoffhiscoat.Atlastthewindwastriedandhesaid:"Ican'tmakethemantakeoffhiscoat".Thenthesuntried.Heshonehotterandhotter."Itiswarmnow",saidtheman,"Imusttakeoffmycoat."Thenhetakesoffhiscoat."See!I'mstrongerthanyou."saidthesuntothewind.1.Whohadaquarreloneday?_____________________________________________________________________2.Didthewindthinkhewasstrongerthanthesun?_____________________________________________________________________3.Didtheweatherbecamecolderwhenthewindblewandblew?_____________________________________________________________________4.Whatdidthesundototheman?_____________________________________________________________________5.Whocouldmakethemantakeoffhiscoat,thewindorthesun?_____________________________________________________________________Keys:Thewindandthesun.Yes,hedid.Yes,itdid.Thesunshonehotterandhotter.Thesun.【知识梳理4】阅读理解解题方法阅读理解是英语中必考的题型，包括判断对错、选择、回答问题等题型，需要在理解文章的基础上运用解题方法判断出正确答案。a.先浏览全文，了解文章大意。b.找出题目中的关键词，根据题目中的关键词在文中找出范围，并划出来。c.若是判断题，将句子与原文进行对比，然后做出判断。d.若是细节题，在原文中找出要填的时间，地点，原因等，再填写答案。e.若是主旨题，则选用排除法和推断法，找出最合适的答案。做阅读理解题时要注意解题习惯的养成，要求注意细节，所以解题时一定要在文章中画出范围。【课堂检测】一．阅读短文,根据短文内容选择正确的答案.Amanwaswalkingthrough(穿过)aforest.Hehadafewcapsinhishands.Intheforesttherewerealotofmonkeys.Thedaywashot,sohedecidedtohavearestunderatree.Heputonecaponhisheadandlaydowntosleep(躺下睡觉).Whenhewokeup,hecouldn’tfindhiscaps.“Wherearemycaps?”hecriedandlookedup.Hesawsomemonkeysinthetrees.Eachhadacaponitshead.“Givemebackmycaps!”shouted(叫喊)themantothemonkeys.Butthemonkeysdidn’tunderstand(理解)him.Theyonlyjumped,laughedanddanced.“HowcanIgetbackmycaps?”hethoughthard.Intheendhehadanidea.Hetookoffhiscapandthrew(扔)itontheground.Thelittleanimalsdidthesamething.Happilythemanpickedupallthecapsandwentonhisway.()1.Onedayamanwasgoing__________.A.totheforestB.throughtheforestC.toavillageD.throughthecity()2.Themandecidedtohavearestbecause_________.A.hewashungryB.hewastiredC.thedaywashotD.hewasill()3.Whenthemanwokeup____________.A.hefoundhiscapsweregoneB.hesawafoxC.hehadafeverD.hefoundmanymonkeys()4.Themanwantedtogethiscapsback,andheshoutedtothemonkeys,butitdidn’twork.Why?Becausethemonkeyswantedtolaughathim.Becausethemonkeyswantedtowearthecaps.Becausethemonkeysdidn’tunderstandhim.Becausethemonkeysdidn’thearwhatheshouted.()5.Themanwas______whenhegotallhiscapsback.angry（生气的）B.surprised（惊奇的）C.sad（悲伤的）D.pleased（高兴的）读Mike的日记，选择正确答案。(5%)LastSundaywasafunnyday.LiuTaocametomyhomeinthemorning.WestudiedEnglishtogether.WereadsomefunnyEnglishstories.Ataboutteno’clock,wewenttoChennanParkonfoot.Andwefishedthere.Itwasveryinteresting.Wecookedlunchatabout12o’clockanditwasverynice.Thenwecleanedthekitchen.WewatchedTVafterlunch.Atabout4o’clockintheafternoon,weplayedpingpong.()1.MikewatchedTV________________.A.inthemorningB.intheafternoonC.intheevening()2.MikeandLiuTaowentfishing__________.A.athomeB.inChennanParkC.atschool()3.Theywenttothepark_____________.A.onfootB.bybusC.bybike()4.Thisafternoontheyalso______________.A.playedfootball.B.playedbasketball.C.playedtabletennis.()5.Whocookedlunch?____________.A.Mike.B.MikeandLiuTao.C.Mike’smother.MrBlackworksonafarm.Heandhiswifegrowalotofplantsandtheyhavesomecows.Everydaytheyworkhardfrommorningtonight.Oneday,MrBlacksaystohiswife,“Let’sgotoPortsmouthnextSunday.Wecanhaveagoodlunchthereandthenwecangotothecinema.”Hiswifeisveryhappywhenshehearsthis,becausetheyalwayseatalot,andshedoesn’tlikecookingthreetimesaday.TheygotoPortsmouthbytrainandwalkaboutforanhour(小时).At12o’clock,theywanttohavelunch.Infrontofonerestaurant(饭店),theyseeanotice.Itsays,“Lunch:12:30to2:301.5pounds.”“Well,that’sgood.”MrsBlacksays,“Wecaneatfortwohoursfor1.5poundshere!Thisistheplaceforus.”()1.Therearealotof_____ontheirfarm.A.plantsB.dogsC.cowsD.BothAandC()2._____usuallydoesthecookingathome.A.MrBlackB.MrsBlackC.NeitherAandBD.BothAandB()3.MrBlackandMrsBlackwalkaboutinPortsmouthfor_____.A.twohoursB.threehoursC.onehourD.fourhours()4.At_____o’clock,theywanttohavelunch.A.twoB.twelveC.twentyD.one()5.Portsmouthisthenameofa_____.A.placeB.dogsC.manD.restaurant答案：一，BCACDBCACCABCBA【要点回顾】（以学生自我总结为主，TR引导为辅，为本次课做一个总结回顾）引导学生阅读理解的技巧【温故知新】二,阅读短文,判断下列句子是否与短文内容相符,用T,F来表示.(一)ManyChinesepeoplehav