新概念英语第三册名词性从句课件

名词性从句

Nounclause名词性从句的概述主语从句宾语从句同位语从句表语从句名词性从句

概述名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1.名词性从句的定义类别词义在从句中的作用从属连词that无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分从属连词whether和if意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用，在从句中补充当任何句子成分关系代词

who,whom,what,which,whose,whomever,whatever,whichever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主，表，

宾，定语等关系副词

when,where,why,how,however,wherever,whenever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语2.名词性从句的连接词(1)that

本身无意义，引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不能省略。(2)介词后的连词。(3)引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.(4)在从句中做成分的连词.3.连接词使用主语从句在复合句中充当主语成分的句子SubjectClause1.主语从句通常由下列词来引导：(1)从属连词that、whether,if(是否)①

Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.②

Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.③Whichcardoyoulikedoesn'tmattertome.④Whatevershedidwasright.⑤Whoeverbreakstheruleswillbepunished.⑥

Whomhewillworkwithisstillasecret.2）连接代词what(什么)、who(谁)、which(哪个）、whatever(无论什么)、whoever(无论谁)、whom、whichever(无论哪个),whose等；3)连接副词how(怎样)、when(什么时候)、where(哪里)、why(为什么)等。①

Whereherbirthdaypartywillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.②How

Isolvethisproblemdependsonyourattitude.③Whydinosaursdiedoutremainsapuzzle.④WhentheywillgotoAmericahasnotbeendecidedyet.2.it形式主语为避免句子头重脚轻，常用“it”代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把真正的主语从句置于句末。Itisclearthatheisanhonestman.Itshocksmethathefailedinthisexam.（1）Itbe

+名词+that从句①

It'sagreatpity

(thattheydidn'tgetmarried).②

It'sagoodthing

(thatyouwereinsured).③

Itisasurprise

(thathecaneatthreeeggsinaminute).④

Itisamiracle(thatthecatsurvivedfromtheaccident).⑤

Itisashameforhim(thathecan'tenterthefinal).（2）It+be+形容词+that-从句It’simpossible/

possible/probable/

important/

necessary/

fortunate/

certain/

clear/

obvious

/

likely/

natural/strange/true/surprising/funny...that…①

It'ssplendid

(thatyoupassedyourexam).②

It'sstrange

(thattherearenolightson).③

Itistrue(thathewonthematch).④

Itwassurprising(thatshepassedthedifficultexam).(3)It+be+过去分词+that-从句It’ssaid/

reported/

believed/

thought/

announced/

decided/

knowntoall/

mustbepointedout/

mustbeadmitted...that…ItisreportedthatthenumberofwildanimalsinAfricaisdecreasing.It’sannouncedthatthehostageshavebeenreleased.It’sdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.It’sknowntoushowhebecameawriter.(4)It+不及物动词(短语）(seem/happen/appear/look/occur/turnout)+that从句……①

Itseemsthatyouobjecttheplan.②

IthappenedthatIhadbeenoutwhenhecalled.③

Ithasjustoccuredtomethatthereisstillanotherpossibilitytoensureapromptdeliveryofthegoods.④

Itturnedoutthatthismethoddoesn'tworkwell.*常将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.*seem的五种用法①.sbseems(tobe)+adj./n./prep.Sheseems(tobe)quitehappy.Youdon’tseemtobequiteyourselftoday.②.sbseemstodoSheseemstoknowthesecret.Iseemtohaveseenhimsomewherebefore.③.itseemsthat…Itseemsthatsheisquitehappy.ItseemstobeyearssinceIlastsawyou.④.sb/sthseemsasif….Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.Heseemsasifhehasknownthenews.⑤.thereseem(s)tobe…Thereseemstobeasmallpineonthetopofthehill.Thereseemstobenoneedtogonow.*it为形式主语，that引导真正主语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在形容词为:natural/important/necessary/strange/

essential/dispensable/vital/imperative等时,that引导的从句中的谓语动词形式常用

（should)+动词原形表示。Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.Itisvital

thateverystudent(should)beabletounderstandtheruleofschool.Itisimportantthateveryone(should)bepresentatthemeetingontime(2)

如果过去分词或名词是suggested/

ordered/

required/

advised/

requested/

insisted/demanded/requirement/suggestion/order

/proposal

等表示建议、要求、命令等词时，that引导的从句应该用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的结构为：（should）+动词原形。It'ssuggestedthatstudents(should)maketheirbedbythemselves.

It’srequiredthatstudents(should)haveaphysicalexaminationbeforeenteringtheschool.Itismyproposalthathe(should)

besenttostudyfurtherabroad.3.主语从句的主谓一致问题(1)单个的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用单数;如果两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用复数。Whenhewasbornhasn’tbeenfound.Howandwhyhecametothelonelysmallislandisstillamystery.Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.(2)what引导的主语从句,谓语动词单复数可由表语来决定。

Whatweneedare

womenworkers.

Whatweneedis

moretimeandmoney.3.主语从句的主谓一致问题宾语从句复合从句中充当宾语成分的句子ObjectClause01定义与分类1.宾语从句的定义在复合句中，置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。简单句

Iknowhim复合句Iknowwhoheis↑↑↑↓主语谓语宾语↓主句宾语从句Imustsaythatyouhavegoodtaste.Idon’tunderstandwhathewantstoexpress.Don’tyouknowthatMarywillgotoShanghainextweek?Ihaveheard

thathehasbeenmarriedbefore.I'llask

ifit'sallrighttoparkhere.(2)有些形容词后也可以带有宾语从句,比如：afraid，

sure,anxious，aware，certain，confident，glad，proud，sorry等I’mafraidthatyoucan’tfindhiminthatpark.Wearenot

surewhether/ifwecanpersuadehimoutofsmoking.Ifeltabsolutelycertain

thatI'dseenherbefore.Wearepleasedthattheproblemshavebeenresolved.*当besure引导主句是肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用that;当besure引导的主句是否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或if.①一般介词后只跟wh-词引导的宾语从句（即特殊疑问词、特殊疑问词-ever以及whether）Iamsurprisedat

whathesaid.Thenewbookisabouthowthemannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.Hewasnotconsciousof

whatabigmistakehehadmade.Itdependson

whatyouchooseandhowmanyyouwant.②介词后如果接that从句，要先加上it,再加that从句，即“介词+it+that…”结构。

Youmaydependonit

thattheywillsupportyou.(that不能省略)Youcanrelyonit

thatIwillkeepyoursecret.(3)宾语从句也可以跟着介词后面③介词except(除了),but,besides及in后可接that从句(that不可省略)。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheliveshere.Thisessayisgoodexcept/butthatthehandwritinglooksabitterrible.IwasluckyinthatIwasabletofindagoodjob.Itisnotagoodplantforyourgarden

inthatitsseedsarepoisonous.1）.由连接词

that

引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，引导并列句时，that不可省略。2.1由从属连词引导的宾语从句02.连接词(2).当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成:“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。Lilywantedtoknow

if/whether

hergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’ssee

if/whether

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Italldependsonwhethershewantstogooutsideornot.用

who、whom、what、which、whose、whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever

等引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。Iwanttoknow

whathehastoldyou.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.Iamsocuriousaboutwhichcountryyouwanttolivein.

Iwonderwhoisresponsiblefortheaccident.由连接代词引导的宾语从句由连接副词引导的宾语从句where,when,why,how等连接副词引导宾语从句，也要陈述句的语序。Doyouknowwherehelives?Pleaseletmeknowhowyouwillsolvethisproblem.Theydidn’ttellmewhenthepartystarted.Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?02时态问题2.1如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）2.2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）2.3当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.Theteachersaidthattheworldismadeupofmatter.3.it做形式宾语，将真正宾语从句后置的情况(1).动词

find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置.“主语+动词+it+宾语补足语+that从句...

”Ithink

itnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.He

felt

itdifficultthatAlicefinishsomuchworkinoneday.Machinesmake

itpossiblethatpeopledomoreworkwithlessenergy.(3)用于“动词+介词（短语）+it+that从句”，常见于answerfor(保证),dependon,relyon,insiston(坚持，强调),lookto(寄望),seeto(保证),stickto(坚持),counton(指望)等结构中。Youmaydependon

it

thatTomwillhelpyouwithyourEnglish.Ican’tanswerfor

it

thathewillhelpyou.Youcancountonit

thatheisverysmart.Youshouldseeto

itthatsuchthingswon'thappen.(4)用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中.Keepitinmindthatyouhavetobehomebyteno’clock.He

took

it

forgranted

thathewouldbeadmittedintoPekingUniversity.4.名词性从句的注意事项4.1用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时，常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后引导宾语从句，不过在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if

。

(4)引导介词宾语时,

只能用whether；Hisfatherisworriedabout

whetherhelosehiswork.I'mthinkingabout

whetherIshouldquitmypresentjob.Everythingdependson

whetherwehaveenoughmoney.(5)if与whether都可以与ornot连用，但后面紧跟着ornot时只能用whether；Wedidn'tknowwhetherornotshewasready.（此时只能用whether）Iwonderwhether/ifthenewsistrueornot.（此时则二者都可以用）(6)在不定式前只能用whetherIdidn’tdecidewhethertogoornot.①当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时,第一个可以省后几个不能省略.Hesaid(that)thebookwasveryinterestingand

that(不省略)allthechildrenliketoreadit.②that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句之前时.Ipromisedthatifanyonecouldsetmefree,Iwouldmakehimkingovertheearth.③宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时.Theoldladythenexplained

thatwhatshewaslookingforwasapairofglovesforagirl.宾语从句中that不能省略的9种情况

④有间接宾语时Hetoldme

thathewasleavingforJapan.⑤在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时Ithinkitnecessarythatheshouldstayhere.⑥宾语从句与动词被其他词,插入语或从句隔开时Theytoldusonceagainthatthesituationwasserious.Wehope,onthecontrary,

thathewillstayathomewithus.

WhenhegottoEngland,hefound,however,thathisEnglishwastoolimited.⑦that从句单独回答问题时。—Whatdidhehear?—ThatKatehadpassedtheexam.⑧that引导的从句位于句首时Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.⑨在except,but,in等介词后,其它一些介词的宾语从句,如由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语HehasnospecialfaultexceptthathesmokestoomuchSeetoitthatchildrendon’tcatchcold.DACDD表语从句在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。PredicativeClause01定义与结构ThisisagardenwherehestayedThisis↑↓↑↑主语表语系动词表语从句简单句复合句在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用asif引导。主语+连系动词+句子作表语（表语从句）(1).that引导表语从句，无词义，只起连接作用，不可省。(2).系动词可为be,

look,

seem,

sound,

appear等。(3).主语可为名词fact,

truth,

cause,

question,

explanation,

trouble,

assumption,

belief等，代词this,

that,

these,

it等。2.构成要素3.连接词(1)由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句,that不可省略Theproblemis

thatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.Whatimpressedmemost

isthathewasnotafraidofdifficulties.Allshe'sworriedaboutiswhether

heisallright.翻译：Thequestion

iswhetheryouwillsupportme.1.问题在于你是否会支持我。2.他的意思是你应该把门打开。Whathemeansisthatyoushouldopenthedoor.(2)由关系代词who,whom,which,what,whose等引导的表语从句。WhatIwanttoknowis

whichroadweshouldtake.Thequestionis

whoshouldberesponsibleforthisaccident.Thisis

whatIwanttoexpress.WhatIwanttoknowiswhosewallethasbeenlost.我想知道谁的钱包丢了(3)由关系副词when,where,why,how等引导的表语从句.Thatis

where

Ican’tagreewithyou.Thequestion

iswhyhecamehere.AllIwanttoknowishowheimproveshisspokenEnglish.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.医院在这Thisiswherethehospitalis.问题是他怎么知道答案的Theproblemishowheknowstheanswer.4.表语从句的特殊引导词because,why,asif/though及句型thereasonwhy/

for…

isthat…ItisbecauseIloveyoutoomuch.ThatiswhyIfailedtheexam.Itlooksasif

itisgoingtorain.Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthat

hedidn’tworkhard.Sheseemsasifshehaddoneagreatthing.“Thatiswhy...”是常用句型，意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结。ThatiswhyIcamehere.Thatiswhyyoucanfindthecatinthebox.*补充：(1）“Thatiswhy...”与“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的thereason去掉则与“Thatiswhy...”结构一样

。Thatis(thereason)

whyIcannotagree.Thatis(thereason)whyhepaysmoreattentiontoEnglisheducation.That's(thereason)whyI'msohappytogotothemovieswithhim.(2）“Thatisbecause...”与“Thatiswhy...”之间的不同在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由，“Thatiswhy...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果。Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.

Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.前面是结果，后面是原因前面是原因，后面是结果1.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,

andthisis____Idisagree.A.why

B.where

C.when

D.how2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?A.why

B.when

C.what

D.where3.____shecouldnn’tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;why

B.That;what

C.What;because

D.Why;thatmadetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;because

B.What;that

C.That;what

D.That;because练一练BAAB同位语从句同位语从句指在复合句中充当同位语的从句appositiveclause01.同位语从句的定义同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明（即被解释说明的词=同位语)。同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。(1)同位语从句一般跟在抽象名词fact,idea,news,word,rumor,hope,belief,thought，truth,theory,doubt,suggestion,proposal,possibility,warning,instruction,reason,information,message,story,question,order,demand,wish,doubt,statement等之后，对这些名词的具体内容进行说明或解释。02.同位语从句的用法Weheardthenews

thatourteamhadwon.Theywereworriedoverthefact

thatyouweresick.

The

message

thatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowissenttothem.

The

questionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.【注意1】在某些名词，如：demand,

suggestion,

requirement,wish,resolution,proposal等

词后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即同位语从句的谓语动词形式为“should+动词原型”（should可省略）

TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.Yourrequirement

thatsheshouldwaittillnextweekisreasonable.Theresolutionthatwomenbeallowedtojointhesocietywascarried(2)引导同位语从句的词除连词that,whether外，还有连接代词what,which,who,以及连接副词how，when，where，why等。（注：if

不能引导同位语从句。）有时同位语从句能够和同位的名词分开.Thestorygoes

thathebeatshiswife.

Thenewsgotaboutthathehadwonacarinthelottery.Therumourspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.Reporthasit

thattheSmithsareleavingtown.Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.Theordersooncamethatallcitizensshouldevacuatethevillage.03.分离同位语从句04.同位语从句与定语从句的区别1.从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea，fact，news，hope，belief，suggestion，proposal，word，thought，doubt，truth，possibility，promise，order等有必须内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词能够是名词，代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.Thedoctor