上海市上海交大附中高三上学期摸底英语试题

上海交通大学附属中学20192020学年第一学期高三英语摸底考第I卷I.Listeningprehension(25’)PartAShortConversationsDirections:InPartA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Inthekitchen.B.Athome.C.Inafashionshop.D.Inanetbar.2.A.500yen.B.1500yen.C.2500yen.D.5000yen.3.A.Hewillpayforthelunch.B.SuelikesSpanishfoodverymuch.C.Hedoesn’tlikeSpanishfoodatall.D.BothofthemshouldtreatSuewellatdinner.4.A.Bossandemployee.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Teacherandstudent.D.Interviewerandinterviewee.5.A.Shedoesn’thavetimetofindanewflat.B.Shehaspaidthreemonths,rentinadvance.C.Sheisunlikelytofindsuchasatisfactoryflat.D.Shedoesn’tliketheideaofdecoratinganemptyflat.6.A.Mike.B.Sandy.C.Anunexpectedfriend.D.Ahandyman.7.A.Makearecoveryplan.B.Findafulltimejob.C.Dropoutofschool.D.Resignfromherpresentjob.8.A.Thewomanwasfullyabsorbedinthemusic.B.Thewomancouldn’tunderstandthemusicverywell.C.Thewomanlostherwaytotheconceitthatevening.D.Theconcertwasnobetterthanwhatthewomanimagined.9.A.Extremesports.B.Travelinsurance.C.Travelarrangements.D.Courageandsafety.10.A.Sheistalkative.B.Sheisquiet.C.Sheisactive.D.Sheissociable.PartBPassagesDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassageandtheconversationswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.28billioncopies.B.567millioncopies.C.1953millioncopies.D.2015millioncopies.12.A.InterviewedthevicepresidentofthemercialPressinChina.B.pleteddatainvestigation,collectionandexaminationfortherecords.C.paredthesalesvolumesoftheSecretGardenandHarryPotterseries.D.DeliveredenoughcopiesofXinhuaDictionarytothepresentationceremony.13.A.Itcontainscolorfulculturesofmanycountries.B.Itistheworld’smostpopulardictionary.C.ItisausefultoolforlearnersoftheChineselanguage.D.IthasinfluencedseveralgenerationsofChinesepeople.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Overabillionpeopledonothaveenoughsafedrinkingwater.B.Diseasesand6acteriainthewaterkillmillionsofpeopleeveryday.C.Peopleindevelopedcountriestaketheircleandrinkingwaterforgranted.D.Clean,bottledwaterisexpensivetotransporttopoorruralvillages.15.A.Itisaplasticstraw.B.Itusesbatteriesorelectricity.C.Itcanbeusedforoneyear.D.It’sportableandcheap.16.A.Appealtothegovernmenttosupplycleanwaterforeveryone.B.Provideeasyaccesstocleanwatertodestroythebacteria.C.OffertheWaterTubefreetopeoplein.developingcountries.D.SelltheWaterTubetoeverypersonwhoneedsone.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Alittlerestaurant.B.Aprivateorganization.C.Anicecreamshop.D.Asnackbar.18.A.Moreflexibleworkingtime.B.Lessconflictswithconsumers.C.Closerrelationshipwithcustomers.D.Morefreedomtomakefinancialdecisions.19.A.AprogramoftheSmallBusinessAdministration.B.Agrantfromaprivateorganization.C.Savingsinhisownbankaccount.D.Loansfromthebank.20.A.Hefoundowinghisownbusinessisrewarding.B.Hedidn’tremendotherstohavetheirownbusiness.C.Hechosethelocationtopetewithbiggerbusinesses.D.Hefoundmanagingasmallbusinessishighrisky.II.GrammarandVocabulary(10’+10’+10’)SectionA(A)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank."Mondaymorningfeeling"couldbetheverycrushingpaininthechest____1____leavesyousweatingandgaspingforbreath.RecentresearchfromGermanyandItalyshowsthatheartattacksaremoremononMondaymornings.Astudyof11,000participantsproved8amonaMondaymorningas____2____(stressful)timefortheheart,andbothstudiesshowedthatSundayistheleaststressfulday.ThefindingscouldleadtoabetterunderstandingofwhatistheimmediatecauseofheartattacksaccordingtoDr.StefanWillichoftheFreeUniversity."Wedon'tknowwhatactuallycausesheartattacks,sowecan'tmakespecificremendationsabout____3____todotopreventthem,"hesaid.Mondaymorningshaveadoublehelpingofstressfortheworkingbody____4____itmakesarapidchangefromsleeptoactivity,andfromtherelaxingweekendtothepressuresofwork.Willichexplained.“Itistheunfavorableeffectinthebloodsystemandincreaseoftheriskofaclot(血凝块)inthearteries(动脉)___5___willcauseaheartattack."Whenpeoplereturntoworkafteraweekendoff,theyhaveahigherworkload,morestress,moreangerandmorephysicalactivity,"saidWillich."Weneedtoknowhowtheseeventscausechangesinthebody___6___wecanunderstandiftheycauseheartattacks."But____7____itistemptingtobelievethatreturningtoworkincreasestheriskofaheartattack,bothWillichandtheItalianresearchersadmitthatitisonlyapartialanswer.Bothstudiesshowedthattheover65sarealsovulnerableonMondaymorning____8____mostnolongerwork.Thereasonforthisisnotclear,buttheItalianteamspeculatedthatthesocialinteractions—thethoughtof____9____(face)withanotherweekandallitspressures—mayplayapart.Whatisclear,however,isthattheMondaymorningpeakseemstobeconsistentfromthenorthernGermanytosouthernItaly____10____thedifferencesindietandlifestyle.【答案】1.that2.themoststressful3.what4.as/because5.that6.before7.although8.eventhough9.beingfaced10.despite【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了德国和意大利的最新研究表明，心脏病在周一早晨更容易发作并分析了原因。【1题详解】考查定语从句。句意：“周一早上的感觉”可能是胸口的剧痛，让你出汗，喘不过气来。当指物的先行词有thevery修饰时，关系代词用that而不用which，故填that。【2题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：一项对11000名参与者的研究证明，周一早上8点是心脏最紧张的时间，两项研究都表明周日是压力最小的一天。根据“theleaststressful”可知此处用形容词最高级形式，故填themoststressful。【3题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们不知道到底是什么导致心脏病发作，所以我们不能提出具体的预防建议。此处为宾语从句，从句中的do缺少宾语，故填what。【4题详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：星期一早晨对工作身体产生双重压力，因为它讯速地从睡眠转变为活动，从放松的周末转变为工作的压力。根据句意可知此处表示原因，故填as/because。【5题详解】考查强调句型。句意：对血液系统的不利影响和动脉血栓的风险的增加导致心脏病发作。此处为强调句型，其基本结构为：itis+被强调部分+that+其余部分，本句强调的是主语theunfavorableeffectinthebloodsystemandincreaseoftheriskofaclotinthearteries，故填that。【6题详解】考查连词。句意：我们需要知道这些是如何导致身体变化的，然后才能了解它们是否会导致心脏病发作。根据句意可知此处表示“在……之前”，故填before。【7题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不过，尽管人们很容易相信回到工作中会增加心脏病发作风险，但威利奇和意大利的研究人员都承认，这只是部分原因。根据句意可知前后是让步关系，故填although。【8题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：这两项研究都显示，65岁以上的老人在周一早上也很脆弱，即使大多数人不再工作。根据句意可知前后是让步关系，此处表示“即使”，故填eventhough。【9题详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：原因尚不清楚，但意大利团队推测，社交互动——一想到要再面对一周的压力——可能会起到一定作用。befacedwith表示“面对”，介词of后接动名词作宾语，故填beingfaced。【10题详解】考查介词。句意：然而，显而易见的是，尽管在饮食和生活方式上存在差异，周一早晨的高峰似乎从德国北部一直持续到意大利南部。根据句意可知此处表示“尽管”，空后是名词性短语thedifferencesindietandlifestyle，故填介词despite。(B)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.AtrailofhotspringsdotthenorthernKapongDistrict.Fortreeworshipers,it'sasitebestdescribedasawesome.Visitorscanenjoytheancienthotsprings,____11____(understand)theirtherapeuticpropertiesfromknowledge____12____(pass)downfromonegenerationtoanother.Rain,drizzleandcloudyskiesaretypicalinPhangNga,makingsecludedplacesevenmoremesmerizinginscenery.VisitPhangNgaforafewdaysandyouwillimmediatelyrealisethatonce____13____(overlook)thingsturnouttobehiddengemsandone___14___haveplannedformoretimetoenjoythemall.TheeverfamousPhangNgabayisinfactbestseennotfromthemiddleofthebay,butinsteadfromthe____15____(elevate)shoresofSamedNangChee.Youcan’tpickthebestweather,____16____evenonpartlycloudydays,themagnificentnaturallimestonestructuresofthebayissimplyspectacular.Ifyou'veheardaboutthetradingroutesoftheThaisouthandtheMalaypeninsula,youwillnoticearemnantofthisdirectlinkbetweenPhuket(普吉)andPhangNga(攀牙).____17____themajortradinghubofPhangNgaintheolddays,thedistrictofTakuaPaboastsasmallbutuntaintedstretchofanoldSinoEnglishmunity.Theseoriginalcenturyoldshophousesare“soauthentic”herealocaltoldme,itcanoverwhelmPhuketpeoplewithnostalgia.However,thetowncentreofPhangNgaisnotTakuaPa,though.Thestoryhasit____18____backin1809,theSiamBurmesewarsdrovepeopledowntoPhangNgabay，hencethenewsettlementthathasnowbeetheprovince'smunicipalseat.It'sstillsmallinsize,butwithnewernaturalcharms.Mountains___19___(surround)PhangNgawiththemostmagnificentlimestonepeaks___20___createwonderfullyamazingsignatureviews.Drivingthroughthetown'ssmallparallelstreetsandlookingup,onecanonlymarvelatMotherNature.PerpetualrainandmistymorningstovirtualgreennessPhangNgapeoplewillensureyougetallthat.【答案】11.understanding12.passed13.overlooked14.should15.elevated16.but17.As18.that19.surround20.that【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了泰国风景胜地攀牙湾的历史和壮美景观。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：游客可以享受古老的温泉，从一代代相传的知识中了解它们的治疗作用。Visitors与understand之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填understanding。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意同上，knowledge与passdown之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故填passed。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：去攀牙玩几天，你会立刻意识到，那些被忽视的东西原来是隐藏的珍宝，你本应该计划更多的时间来享受它们。overlook与things是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作定语，故填overlooked。【14题详解】考查情态动词+havedone结构。句意同上，shouldhavedone表示“本应该做而没有做”，故填should。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。事实上，著名的攀牙湾最好的观赏地点不是在海湾中央，而是在地势较高的萨米德南芝海岸。shores与elevate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作定语，故填elevated。16题详解】考查连词。句意：你不能选择最好的天气，但即使在多云的日子里，海湾壮观的天然石灰岩结构也是非常壮观的。根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填but。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：在过去，作为攀牙的主要贸易中心，塔瓜帕区拥有一个小而干净的古老的中英社区。根据句意可知此处表示“作为”，故填As。【18题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：据说早在1809年，暹罗和缅甸之间的战争就把人们赶到了攀牙湾。此处为同位语从句，解释story的具体内容，从句成分完整，用that仅起连接作用，无实义，故填that。【19题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：群山环绕着攀牙，那些最壮丽的石灰岩山峰形成了令人惊叹的独特景观。陈述的是客观事实用一般现在时，主语是Mountains，谓语动词用复数，故填surround。【20题详解】考查定语从句。先行词为limestonepeaks，其前有形容词最高级themostmagnificent修饰，关系代词用that而不用which，故填that。SectionBDirections:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Peopleholddifferentviewsonalmostanything,mainlybecauseoftheculturewearefamiliarwithortheeducationwehavereceived.Weliveinajudgmentalworldwherepeoplearequicktopointoutthefaultsandimperfectionsofothers,yetseemunawareoftheirown.Some___21___soulsbelievetheyhaveadutytohelpyoutobeabetterpersonbytellingyouwhatafailureyoureallyarefirstandthenofferingsuggestionsastohowyoucanimprove.Sowhatisthepossiblesolutiontocriticism?Ifyouaretheoneforcingotherstofeel___22___ofthemselves,STOP.Makeaconsciousdecisionratherthanfocusonthenegativeaspectofaperson'sperformanceor___23___.You'llofferhelpfulsuggestionsfromthebeginning.IfI'mpaintingourlivingroomandmakingamessindoingso,Iwouldlikemyhusbandtosaytome,"Thisisatoughjob.CanIofferasuggestionthatmightmakeiteasierforyou?"ratherthanhavehimpointoutwhatacarelesspainterIamandthentellmehowIshouldbedoingit.Ifyouareonthereceivingendofcriticism,the"OK"responseisaperfectsolution.Whensomeonements___24___onataskyouaredoingorapersonalityissueofyours,anaturalresponseistodefendandattack.However,thisapproachisrarelyeffectiveasitputsbothpartiesonthe___25___.Instead,simplyreplywith"OK".Thisbriefonewordresponse___26___theotherperson'smentwithoutagreeingwithitorfeelingnecessarytoengageinadebateaboutit.Itisimportanttoremain___27___attachedtowhattheotherpersonissaying,buttolistenwithoutfeeling,tobeanobjectiveobserver.Infact,thereismuchthatonecanlearnfroma12review.Youcanaskyourself:DidImakeamistake?CouldIhavedonebetter?DidIgive100%ofmyselftothetaskathand?Ifso,howcanIimprovemyself?Asforchronic(习惯性的)criticizers:Itisimportanttosetstrict___28___withthem.Removeyourselffromtheir___29___whennecessary.Inanycase,onecanlearntobe"OK"withcriticismandnotallowittonegativelyimpactyourlifeorrelationshipwiththeotherparty.Examineitforanypotential___30___,andthenletitgoandjustbe"OK".【答案】21.H22.D23.A24.I25.J26.G27.K28.B29.F30.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了面对负面评论时，简短的一个字的回答“好”是最佳回应。【21题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些被误导的灵魂相信他们有责任帮助你成为一个更好的人，首先告诉你真正的失败是什么，然后就如何改进提出建议。此处作定语修饰名词souls，根据“believetheyhaveadutytohelpyoutobeabetterpersonbytellingyouwhatafailureyoureallyarefirstandthenofferingsuggestionsastohowyoucanimprove.”可知此处表示“被误导的”，souls与misguide之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作定语，故填H。【22题详解】考查形容词。如果你强迫别人为自己感到羞耻，不要这样做了。作系动词feel的表语用形容词，feelashamedof表示“对……感到羞耻”，故填D。【23题详解】考查名词。句意：做一个有意识的决定，而不是关注一个人的表现或动作的消极方面。作动词短语focuson的宾语用名词，根据“performance”可知此处表示“动作”，故填A。【24题详解】考查副词。句意：当有人对你正在做的任务或你的个性问题发表负面评论时，一种自然的反应就是防御和攻击。修饰动词ments用副词，根据“defendandattack”可知此处表示“负面地”，故填I。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，这种方法很少有效，因为它使双方都处于防御状态。onthedefensive表示“处于防御状态”，故填J。【26题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个简短的一个字的回答现在承认了其他人的评论，但没有同意，也没有感觉有必要就此展开辩论。此处缺少动词作谓语，根据“theotherperson'smentwithoutagreeingwithitorfeelingnecessarytoengageinadebateaboutit.”可知此处表示“承认”，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是Thisbriefonewordresponse，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填G。【27题详解】考查副词。句意：对别人所说的话保持情感上的联系是很重要的，但要无感情地倾听，做一个客观的观察者。修饰attached用副词，根据“whattheotherpersonissaying,buttolistenwithoutfeeling,tobeanobjectiveobserver.”可知此处表示“情感上地”，故填K。【28题详解】考查名词。句意：重要的是要和他们设定严格的界限。作动词set的宾语用名词，根据“Removeyourselffromtheir___9___whennecessary.”可知此处表示“界限”，故填B。【29题详解】考查名词。句意：必要时远离他们。作from的宾语用名词，根据上文说的与他们设定严格的界限可知此处表示“存在”，故填F。【30题详解】考查名词。句意：检查它是否有潜在的真相，然后随它去吧，只是说“好”。根据上文说的你可以学会接受批评，不要让批评对你的生活或与对方的关系产生负面影响可知此处表示“负面批评的（真相）”，故填C。III.Readingprehension(15’+30’)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Atruerealityofretirementplanningisthatyourfutureisridingonthequalityofyourassumptions.Humble___31___canbedangerous.Forexample,eightyearsintothisbullmarket,expectingstockstodeliverasstrongreturnsoverthenextdecadeisanuncertainpropositionmanyarenonetheless___32___.Anotherpotential___33___assumptionisthatyouwillbeabletokeepworkingpast65.Yettherecentlyreleased2017RetirementConfidenceSurveybythenonpartisanEmployeeBenefitResearchInstitutefindsthatmorethanhalfofworkerssaytheyexpecttostillbeontheclockpastage65.___34___,lessthan15percentoftoday'sretireeskeptworkingthatlong."Ifyouplanonworkinglongerasawaytogetbyinretirement,youaregoingtobeintrouble,"saysCraigCopeland,seniorresearchassociateatEBRI."Itshouldbea___35___toasolidsavingsandspendingplan,notthefoundation."It'ssimplytoo___36___toassumeyouwillindeedbeabletoworklonger.AsurveybytheTransamericaCenterforRetirementStudiesfoundthatnearlytwothirdsofretireeslefttheworkforceearlierthanexpectedbecausetheywerelaidoff,reorganizedoutofaposition,orduetogeneralunhappinesswithajob.Only16percentofretireeswho___37___theworkforceearlierthantheyexpecteddidsobecausetheyfelttheycould___38___affordto.___39___,anewreportfromPrudentialputsadollarvalueonwhyyourcurrentemployermaynotbeinclined(倾向于)todobackflipstokeepanolderyouhappyandengaged.Theestimatedoneyearcosttoafirmwhenanemployee___40___retirement:$50,000.Prudentialestimatesthatonapanywidelevel,delayedretirementcan___41___overallworkforcecostsby1percentto1.5percent.That'snotnothing.Anditgoesalongwayinexplainingwhyemployersmaybemoreinclinedtofocuson"financialwellness"strategiestogetworkersreadytoretire___42___thanprogramstohelpworkersdelayretirement.FewerthanonethirdofemployeessurveyedbyTCRSreporttheiremployerhassomesortof"transition"programsuchasflexibleworkschedules,reducedhoursor___43___toadifferentrole."Workers'visionofretirementischangingfasterthanemployers'business___44___,"saidCatherineCollinson,presidentofTCRS.Thatmakesitevermorecrucialforpreretireestotakethestepstodaythatwillincreasethe___45___theycancontinuetoworklonger,ifthat'spartoftheplan.31.A.pessimism B.optimism C.concern D.consideration32.A.relyingon B.holdingback C.accountingfor D.turningdown33.A.reliable B.possible C.flawed D.firm34.A.Asaresult B.Inaddition C.Needlesstosay D.Byparison35.A.plement B.position C.pliment D.prehension36.A.ridiculous B.sensible C.risky D.logical37.A.extended B.exited C.existed D.remained38.A.economically B.mentally C.financially D.physically39.A.However B.Therefore C.Instead D.Moreover40.A.delays B.expects C.gets D.decides41.A.influence B.decrease C.increase D.transform42.A.later B.sooner C.faster D.slower43.A.shifting B.altering C.ranging D.functioning44.A.deals B.practices C.customs D.operations45.A.prospect B.capabilities C.odds D.outputs【答案】31.B32.A33.C34.D35.A36.C37.B38.C39.D40.A41.C42.B43.A44.B45.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，从几方面分析了员工对延迟退休计划抱有乐观态度是十分危险的。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：谦逊的乐观主义可能是危险的。A.pessimism悲观；B.optimism乐观；C.concern担心；D.consideration考虑。上文说退休计划的真实情况是，你的未来取决于你的假设，再结合第二段举的牛市的例子可知，谦逊的乐观可能是危险的，故B项正确。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，在本轮牛市进入8年后，许多人仍然指望未来10年股市能带来同样强劲的回报，但这是一个不确定的命题。A.relyingon指望、依赖；B.holdingback抑制；C.accountingfor说明……的原因；D.turningdown拒绝。根据空前的“Forexample,eightyearsintothisbullmarket,expectingstockstodeliverasstrongreturnsoverthenextdecade”可知，许多人仍然指望未来10年股市能带来同样强劲的回报，但这是一个不确定的命题，故A项正确。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个可能有缺陷的假设是，你将能够在65岁以后继续工作。A.reliable可靠的；B.possible可能的；C.flawed有瑕疵的、有缺陷的；D.firm坚定的。空后说然而，由无党派员工福利研究机构最近发布的2017年退休信心调查发现，超过一半的员工表示，他们预计自己仍将在65岁以上的时候上班，相比之下，如今只有不到15%的退休人员能工作那么长时间，由此可知这种假设是有缺陷的，故C项正确。【34题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，如今只有不到15%的退休人员能工作那么长时间。A.Asaresult结果；B.Inaddition此外；C.Needlesstosay不用说；D.Byparison相比之下。超过一半的员工表示，他们预计自己仍将在65岁以上的时候上班，如今只有不到15%的退休人员能工作那么长时间，前后存在一种对比关系，故D项正确。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：欧洲复兴开发银行高级研究助理克雷格科普兰表示：“如果你打算延长工作时间，以此作为退休后的谋生之道，那你就有麻烦了。”它应该是一个坚实的储蓄和支出计划的补充，而不是基础”。A.plement补充；B.position作曲；C.pliment称赞；D.prehension理解。根据空后的“notthefoundation.”可知，延长工作时间应该是储蓄和支出计划的补充而不是基础，故A项正确。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：假设你真的能工作更长时间是太冒险了。A.ridiculous荒谬的；B.sensible合乎情理的；C.risky冒险的、有风险的；D.logical逻辑的。根据下文介绍的美国退休研究中心的调查结果可知，假设你真的能工作更长时间是非常冒险的，故C项正确。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有16%的退休人员比预期的要早，因为他们觉得经济上可以负担得起。A.extended延伸；B.exited退出、离开；C.existed存在；D.remained保持。空前介绍了调查发现的近三分之二的退休人员提前离开工作岗位的几个原因，因此此处指的是退休人员，故B项正确。【38题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.economically经济地；B.mentally精神上；C.financially财政上；D.physically身体上。上文说人们延长退休时间是为了继续挣钱养家，所以那些提前退休的人能够在经济上负担得起，故C项正确。【39题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，英国保诚保险公司的一份新报告用美元来解释了为什么你现在的雇主可能不愿做后空翻，以让你的老东家满意和敬业。A.However然而；B.Therefore因此；C.Instead相反；D.Moreover此外、而且。空后又提到了一份报告，是对前面的调查的补充说明，故D项正确。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当员工延迟退休时，公司一年的估计费用是：50000美元。A.delays延误、推迟；B.expects期望；C.gets得到；D.decides决定。本文主要讨论的就是员工推迟退休计划，因此此处指员工延迟退休，故A项正确。41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：保诚估计，在整个公司范围内，延迟退休会使整体劳动力成本增加1%至1.5%。A.influence影响；B.decrease减少；C.increase增加；D.transform转换。根据常识可知，员工延迟退休，公司会继续按月给他发工资，这会增加公司的劳动力成本，故C项正确。【42题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这也在很大程度上解释了为什么雇主可能更倾向于关注“财务健康”战略，以便让员工提前做好退休准备，而不是帮助员工推迟退休的计划。A.later晚；B.sooner快、提前；C.faster迅速；D.slower缓慢。根据空后的“thanprogramstohelpworkersdelayretirement.”可知，雇主可能更倾向于关注“财务健康”战略是为了让员工提前做好退休准备，而不是帮助他们推迟退休的计划，故B项正确。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：接受TCRS调查的雇员中，不到三分之一的人表示，他们的雇主有某种“过渡”计划，比如弹性工作时间、减少工作时间或转换角色。A.shifting转变、转向；B.altering更改；C.ranging（在……范围内）变动；D.functioning运行。根据句意可知此处指转换角色，shiftto表示“转变成为”，故A项正确。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意；TCRS总裁凯瑟琳·柯林森说：“员工退休的愿景变化比雇主的商业行为更快，如果这是计划的一部分，那么对于退休前的人来说，现在采取措施增加他们继续工作更长时间的可能性就变得更加重要。”A.deals交易；B.practices实践、行为；C.customs风俗；D.operations操作。businesspractices表示“商业活动”，故B项正确。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.prospect景色；B.capabilities能力；C.odds几率；D.outputs产量。根据空前的“Thatmakesitevermorecrucialforpreretireestotakethestepstodaythatwillincreasethe”对于退休前的人来说，现在采取措施增加他们继续工作更长时间的可能性就变得更加重要，故C项正确。【点睛】本篇第12空C项faster的干扰性较大，掌握soon与fast的区别是关键，soon与fast都可以表示“快”，区别在于fast强调速度，而soon强调时间，根据空后的“thanprogramstohelpworkersdelayretirement.”可知，雇主可能更倾向于关注“财务健康”战略是为了让员工提前做好退休准备，而不是帮助他们推迟退休的计划，此处指“提前”，强调的是时间短，故B项正确。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance(不满,不平).ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregoodnatured,cooperativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaalsstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentment(愤恨)inafemalecapuchin.Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareacooperative,grouplivingspecies.Suchcooperationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation(愤慨),itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardpletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthemonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.46.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby________.A.makingaparison B.justifyinganassumptionC.makingaconclusion D.explainingaphenomenon47.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,ParagraphI)impliesthat________.A.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeysnatureB.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivalsC.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachotherD.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions48.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys________.A.prefergrapestocucumbersB.willnotbecooperativeiffeelingcheatedC.canbetaughttoexchangethingsD.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers49.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.B.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.D.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.【答案】46.A47.A48.B49.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。人人都喜欢大幅加薪，但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。这种行为被看作是“人之常情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不满意识。但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的SarahBrosnan和FransdeWaal进行的一项研究表明，它也是“猴之常情”。这项研究成果刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。【46题详解】推理判断题。从文章第一段Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance(不满,不平).ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.讲人会因为不公平而愤怒，那动物会不会呢？有人认为不会，但是科学研究表明猴子同样会。因此在第一段，作者通过对比介绍了他的主题。故选A。【47题详解】词意猜测题。根据上文Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance(不满,不平).（这种行为被认为“太具有人性特点了”，其基本假设是，其他动物不会有这种高度发达的不满情绪。）而一项SarahBrosnan和FransdeWaal进行的研究则表明猴子同样会“因为不公平而不愤怒”，故划线部分的意思是“怨恨不公平也是猴子的天性”，故选A。【48题详解】细节理解题。最后一段第二句“Suchcooperationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.”可知只有当每只动物都觉得自己没有被欺骗时，这种合作才可能是稳定的。即Brosnan博士和deWaal博士最终在他们的研究中发现猴子如果感到被欺骗，就不会合作，故选B。【49题详解】推理判断题。最后一段最后一句“whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthemonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion”可知这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上独立进化而来的，还是起源于3500万年前的共同祖先，至今仍是一个悬而未决的问题。即人类的对于不公平的愤怒感来自一个不确定的来源。故选D。(B)Howtomakearesume?1.Formatyourtext.Thefirstthingthata