神经信息学Neuroinformatics课件

神经信息学NeuroinformaticsSpring

semester,2009LECTURE1Introduction武志华·

中科院生物物理所，脑与认知科学国家重点实验室，副研究员·

Tel:64869355

Email:wuzh@史忠植·

中科院计算技术研究所,智能科学实验室，研究员·

人工智能

（神经计算）教学按排每周四:

8:50-11:4040学时,2学分3学时/每次地点：玉泉路园区

305

闭卷笔试笔试内容与作业的关系引言－

1994年,汪云九老师在中科院研究生院开设“神经信息学”课程。

－

WhatisNeuroinformatics?

WhatisI.Neuroinformatics?ComputationalNeuroscience(计算神经科学)?III.TheoreticalNeuroscience?Neurocomputing(神经计算)?

Whywelearn“Neuroinformatics”or“ComputationalNeuroscience”?VI.Coursestructure1.databasesofneurosciencedata,2.toolsformanagement,sharing,

analyzingandmodelingofneurosciencedata

atalllevelsofanalysis,3.computationalmodelsofthenervoussystemandneuralprocessesNeuroinformatics

isaresearchfieldincludingthedevelopmentof:Neuro-scienceInformationscienceNeuro-informaticsVastamountsofdiversedataaboutthebrainwasgathered(汪云九老师)HumanBrainProject1993年“人类脑计划（HumanBrainProject）”的第一批项目公布，标志着人类脑计划正式启动Ideaemergedin1991:Mappingthebrainanditsfunctions.IntegratingenablingtechnologiesintoneuroscienceresearchNeuroinformaticsusesdatabases,theInternet,andvisualizationinthestorageandanalysisoftheneurosciencedata(AnamesimilartoHumanGenomeProject)

SenseLab(http://)132BrainM

(http://)

ExploreBrainMapsdatain3D

Neuroinformatics

=

Databases+Tools+ComputationalModelsWhatis

I.Neuroinformatics?Neurocomputing(神经计算)?

III.TheoreticalNeuroscience?ComputationalNeuroscience(计算神经科学)?Whywelearn“Neuroinformatics”or“ComputationalNeuroscience”?VI.Coursestructure

Neurocomputingisconcernedwithprocessinginformation:1.Itinvolvesalearningprocesswithinanartificialneuralnetworkarchitecture2.Thetrainednetworkscanbeusedtoperformcertaintasksdependingontheparticularapplication3.Neurocomputingcanplayanimportantroleinsolvingcertaindifficultproblemsinscienceandengineeringsuchaspatternrecognition,optimization,eventclassification,controlandidentificationofnonlinearsystems,andstatisticalanalysisI.WhatisNeuroinformatics?Neurocomputing(神经计算)?

III.TheoreticalNeuroscience?ComputationalNeuroscience(计算神经科学)?Whywelearn“Neuroinformatics”or“ComputationalNeuroscience”?

VI.CoursestructureTheoreticalNeuroscience=ComputationalandMathematicalModelingofNeuralSystems=Computational

NeuroscienceWhatisI.Neuroinformatics?Neurocomputing(神经计算)?

III.TheoreticalNeuroscience?ComputationalNeuroscience(计算神经科学)?Whywelearn“Neuroinformatics”or“ComputationalNeuroscience”?

VI.CoursestructureComputationalneuroscienceisasubfieldofneurosciencethatusesmathematicalmethodstosimulateandunderstandthefunctionofthenervoussystem

(http://)Neuro-scienceArtificalNeuralnetworksDynamicalsystemComputationalneuroscienceComputationalneuroscienceAfamilymemberofbrainscience.ComputersimulationsofneuronsandneuralnetworksarecomplementarytotraditionaltechniquesinneuroscienceTheoreticalanalysisandcomputationalmodelingareimportanttoolsforcharacterizingwhatnervoussystemsdo,determininghowtheyfunction,andunderstandingwhytheyoperateinparticularwaysNeuroscienceencompassesapproachesrangingfrommolecularandcellularstudiestohumanpsychophysicsandpsychologyTheoreticalneuroscienceencouragescross-talkamongthesesubdisciplinesbyconstructingcompactrepresentationsofwhathasbeenlearned,buildingbridgesbetweendifferentlevelsofdescription,andidentifyingunifyingconceptsandprinciplesFirstneuronmodel－McCulloch&Pittsmodel(1943)(BulletinofMathematicalBiophysics5:115-133)Range:(0,1)or(-1,1)Time:t

t+1MPmodelsimulatesafewproperties•Theunithastwostatesdependingonthethreshold:restoractivated•Twotypesofsynapses:inhibitoryandexcitatory•Theunitreceivesthelinearsumofallthepre-synapticinputs

•Theintroductionoftime,mimickingthesynapticdelayAdvantage:Beabletoperformlogicoperations

Shortcoming:ToosimpletomodeltherealneuronGoalThefirstgoalistoteachWHYmathematicalandcomputationalmethods

areimportantinunderstandingthestructure,functionanddynamics

ofneuralorganization2.ThesecondgoalistoexplainHOWneural

phenomenaoccurringatdifferenthierarchicallevelscanbedescribed

bypropermathematicalmodelsWhatisI.Neuroinformatics?Neurocomputing(神经计算)?

III.TheoreticalNeuroscience?ComputationalNeuroscience(计算神经科学)?Whywelearn“Neuroinformatics”or

“ComputationalNeuroscience”?

VI.CoursestructureWhynotgooutforawalk?

ImeanthecurrentneuroscienceworldisalittledifferentfrombeforeForexample:TheAgeofBrainScience（Japan）•UnderstandingtheBrain•

ProtectingtheBrain•

CreatingtheBrain•NurturingtheBrain（October1997---March2008）Ifyouareastudentmajoringinexperimentalbiology,－youmayfigureoutyourexperimentalproblemoranalyzeresultsinadifferentwayIfyouareastudenthavinggoodmathematicalorphysicalbackground,－???infutureAboutmathematicalandphysicalFORMULA:

－HighschoolknowledgeisenoughCaveatComputationalneuroscienceisahugeandfastdevelopingareaThisisonlyaveryshortcourse,andhopefullyitcanprovide:－Thebasicconceptsandmethodsofcomputationalneuroscienceresearch－Somebriefintroductiontoneurobiologicalconceptsandmathematicaltechniques.ThetechniqueswillbeappliedfordescribingthebehaviorofseveralbrainregionsWhatisI.Neuroinformatics?Neurocomputing(神经计算)?

III.TheoreticalNeuroscience?ComputationalNeuroscience(计算神经科学)?Whywelearn“Neuroinformatics”or

“ComputationalNeuroscience”?

VI.CoursestructureCourseStructure0.

Introduction:Whatiscomputationalneuroscience,whyisiturgentlyneeded1.Singleneuronmodels2.

NeuralnetworkmodelsNeuralCodingSynapticplasticityandlearningHotpointsinbrainmodelingNeurocom