Unit4HistoryandTraditions人与社会历史社会与文化（原卷版）（人教版2019必修二）

必修第二册Unit4HistoryandTraditions（人教版2019）人与社会：历史、社会和文化单元引言解读Apeoplewithouttheknowledgeoftheirpasthistory,originandcultureislikeatreewithoutroots.—MarcusGarvey释义：本单元的名人名言意为“一个不了解自己历史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵无根之树”。通过类比，形象地阐明了历史起源及其所蕴含文化的重要性启示：历史是一个民族兴衰更替的见证；历史就像一面镜子，无论正确与否，它都可以给予客观的、真实的评价；历史凝聚着古代先贤的智慧。历史是照亮人类未来行程的智慧之光，对于社会和个人的发展具有重要的指导意义。学习历史可以增强文化认同感，重建民族自信心；学习历史可以形成正确的人生观和价值观。名言名句积累人与社会：历史、社会和文化1．Historiesmakemenwise.读史使人明智。2．Historyisamirrorthatilluminatesrealityandthefuture.历史是一面镜子，它照亮现实和未来。3．Ourhistoryisaninvaluablelegacyanddeservesourpride.我们的历史是一份无比珍贵的遗产，是值得我们自豪的。4．Althoughthetraditionofdrinkingteadatesbackto3000BCinChina,itwasnotuntilthemid­17thcenturyintheUKthatappearedtheconceptof“afternoontea”.虽然中国喝茶的传统能追溯到公元前3000年，但是直到17世纪中期英国才出现“下午茶”的概念。5．Knowingthatyou'reinterestedinthetraditionalChinesecultureandkeenonlearningmoreaboutit,I'mwritingtooffermyremendation.我知道你对中国传统文化很感兴趣，也热衷于了解更多的中国文化，所以我写信向你推荐。6．ConfuciusisconsideredasthegreatestoftheancientChinesesages.孔子被认为是中国古代最伟大的圣人。7．ZhengHe,anexplorerinMingDynasty,ismyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory.郑和是明朝的一位探险家，他是我最喜欢的中国历史人物。8．Wecanknowmoreaboutthelifeofgreatpeopleaswellashistoryandcultureofothercountries.我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。9．WhatI'dliketointroducetoyouisNiangao,whichisoneofthemostpopularandtypicaldisheseatenduringtheSpringFestival.我想给大家介绍的是年糕，它是春节期间所吃的最受欢迎、最典型的菜肴之一。10．First,wewereamazedtolearnabouttheoriginoftheHakkacultureandthedevelopmentoftheHakkahistory.首先，我们惊奇地了解了客家文化的起源和客家历史的发展。时文拓展阅读CookbooksShowAmericanCultureAreyouinterestedinfood,UnitedStateshistory,andtheEnglishlanguage?Ifso,Americancookbooksprovidewideinformationinallthreesubjects.Thefirst,publishedin1796,startedamarketthatcontinuesinthe21stcenturywithonlinepublicationsofsuchworks.And,theliteratureoffersmorethanjustrecipes.MeganEliasisthedirectoroffoodstudiesatBostonUniversityandthewriterofFoodonthePage:CookbooksandAmericanCulture.Shesaysthatcookbooksdohelpteachushowtopreparefood.Buttheyprovidemorethanthat,too."Theconceptofmeals,howmanymealsadaythatpeopleexpecttoeat?Whatdotheyexpecttohaveinthosemeals?"Eliassaid.Despitethewidespreadavailabilityofonlinerecipes,printcookbooks,oftenwithbeautifulphotographsinside,continuetosellwell.Theyalsoinformreadersaboutdiscoveries,equipmentandtechnologyrelatedtofoodmaking.Eliassaid,"Whataretheobjectsthatarenecessarytomakethethingsandwhatexists?So,areyoubeingaskedtodosomethingoveranopenfireorareyoubeingaskedtouseanelectricstove?Isitsomethingthatcanbedoneinthemicrowave?Ifyouseealotofrecipesforthingsthatarepreservedforpickles,youknowthatyouarelookingatatimewithoutrefrigeration."AmyBentleyisafoodhistorianatNewYorkUniversity.Shesaidthatcookbooksfromthe1800swereusedaslifestyleandhouseholdguides.Theyincludefoodrecipes,buttheywerenotcentraltothebooksbackthen."So,there'ssomerecipesforfood,butitcouldberecipesforacleaningsolventorwhattodowhenyourchildhasbeenpoisoned,howtoclean,howtogetstainsout,"Bentleysaid.AmericanCookerybyAmeliaSimmonsisthefirstcookbookpublishedintheUnitedStates.SimmonswrotethathergoalwiththebookwastoimprovethenewgenerationofwomenintheU.S.MeganEliassaysthataftertheCivilWar,cookbooksbecamemorediverse.Writersstartedexploringlocalfoodsandcustomsintheirwork.EliassaidthatSoutherncookbookstriedtooffer"...abeautifulversionoftheoldSouththatwillkindofhealoverthewoundsoftheCivilWarratherthandealingwiththeproblemsthatcausedtheCivilWartobeginwith."Somemunitieswouldputtogetheragroupcookbooktoraisemoney.ThesecookbooksprovidealookintowhattheAmericanmiddleclasswaseatingthroughouttheyears.Suchworksserveasarecordofthetraditionsandinterestsofdifferentneighborhoodsandgroups.Throughouttheyearscookbookshavesignifiedhumanity'sgrowthinknowledge,trendsandinnovations.Duringthelastpartofthe19thcentury,forexample,manyrecipeswereinformedbythedangersoffoodcontainingbacteria.Then,inthe1930s,refrigeratorsbecamemonobjectsinAmericanhomes.Thethreatofbacterialinfectionfromfooddropped,andverysoon,cooksadaptedtothenewconditions.Newrecipesandnewcookbooksresulted.ButcookbooksarenotpletereflectionsofAmericanlife.Eliassaidpublishingpaniesmostlycontrolcookbookcontent.And,theirmaingoalistomakemoneyfrombooksales."Thepublishingworlddoesn'tnecessarilyhavethegoalofrepresentingthetruthofAmericanswhomadeit.Ittendstobeuppermiddleclass,white,Northeastern."Inthe21stcentury,withthegrowthofsocialmediaandfoodwebsites,publishingpanieshavelesscontrol.Thesenewwaystosharerecipeshaveledtomoreopendiscussionsaboutfoodandcooking.Thisgivesthepublicmorechoicesandpower.Eliaspraisedthenewdiscussionsaroundfood."Ifyoulookatthementsonfoodblogsandonanykindofrecipesite,youreallygettoseewhatpeoplearecooking,andwhattheythinkofhowthey'recooking,andhowtheythinkofthemselvesasexperts."Physicalcookbooksarestillhighlydesirableaswell,Bentleysays."They'reverygoodtogiveasgifts.They'revery,verypopularbecausethey'resortofneutral.Andeveryonelovesacookbook,especiallywithbeautifulpages,"shesaid.【译文欣赏】烹饪书展示美国文化你对食物、美国历史和英语感兴趣吗？如果是这样，美国烹饪书在这三个主题上都提供了广泛的信息。第一本于1796年出版，开创了一个在21世纪继续存在的市场，即此类作品的在线出版物。而且，文献提供的不仅仅是食谱。梅根·埃利亚斯是波士顿大学食品研究主任，著有《页面上的食物：烹饪书和美国文化》。她说烹饪书确实有助于教我们如何准备食物。但它们也提供了更多。埃利亚斯说：“膳食的概念，人们一天要吃多少餐？他们希望在这些餐中吃什么？”。尽管在线食谱广泛可用，但通常附有精美照片的印刷食谱仍然卖得很好。他们还向读者介绍与食品制造相关的发现、设备和技术。埃利亚斯说：“制造这些东西所必需的物体是什么，存在什么？那么，你是被要求在明火上做点什么，还是被要求使用电炉？这可以在微波炉里做吗？如果你看到很多腌制泡菜的食谱，你就知道你正在寻找一个没有冷藏的时间。”艾米·本特利是纽约大学的食品历史学家。她说，19世纪的烹饪书被用作生活方式和家庭指南。它们包括食物食谱，但在当时并不是书籍的核心。本特利说：“所以，有一些食物食谱，但也可能是清洁溶剂的食谱，或者当你的孩子中毒时该怎么办，如何清洁，如何去除污渍。”。AmeliaSimmons的《美国烹饪》是美国出版的第一本烹饪书。西蒙斯写道，她写这本书的目的是提高美国新一代女性的地位。梅根·埃利亚斯说，内战后，烹饪书变得更加多样化。作家们开始在他们的作品中探索当地的食物和习俗。埃利亚斯说，南方烹饪书试图提供“……一个美丽的旧南方版本，它将治愈内战的创伤，而不是处理导致内战开始的问题。”一些社区会出版一本集体烹饪书来筹集资金。这些烹饪书让我们了解了美国中产阶级多年来的饮食情况。这些作品记录了不同社区和群体的传统和兴趣。多年来，烹饪书标志着人类在知识、趋势和创新方面的增长。例如，在19世纪末，许多食谱都了解了含有细菌的食物的危险。然后，在20世纪30年代，冰箱成为美国家庭的常见物品。食物中细菌感染的威胁下降了，很快，厨师们就适应了新的环境。新的食谱和新的烹饪书应运而生。但烹饪书并不能完全反映美国人的生活。埃利亚斯说，出版公司大多控制着烹饪书的内容。而且，他们的主要目标是从图书销售中赚钱。“出版界不一定有代表美国人真相的目标。它往往是中上层阶级、白人、东北人。”21世纪，随着社交媒体和食品网站的增长，出版公司的控制力越来越小。这些分享食谱的新方式引发了关于食物和烹饪的更公开的讨论。这给了公众更多的选择和权力。埃利亚斯赞扬了围绕食物的新讨论。“如果你看看食品博客和任何一种食谱网站上的评论，你真的会看到人们在做什么，他们对自己的烹饪方式有什么看法，以及他们如何把自己看作专家。”宾利说，实体烹饪书仍然非常受欢迎。她说：“它们非常适合作为礼物赠送。它们非常非常受欢迎，因为它们有点中性。每个人都喜欢烹饪书，尤其是那些漂亮的页面。”。【词汇积累】literature—n.writtenworksthatareconsideredtobeverygoodandtohavelastingimportance文学recipe—n.asetofinstructionsforcookingaspecificfood,includingalistoftheingredientsrequired食谱concept—n.anideaofwhatsomethingisorhowitworks概念microwave—n.anoventhatusesveryshortwaveofelectromagneticenergytocookfood微波炉preserved—adj.todescribesomethingkeptinitsoriginalstateoringoodcondition保存的solvent—n.aliquidusedforbreakingdownothersubstances溶剂stain—n.amarkmadeonasurfaceorapieceofclothingthatisveryhardorimpossibletoremove污点；污渍reflect—v.tomirrororshowanaspectofsomething反射，反映innovation—n.theactorprocessofintroducingnewideas,devices,ormethods创新neutral—adj.nothavingpositive,negative,orothercharacterizationsbasedonaperson'slikesordislikes.中立的【知识拓展】《烹饪书：美国》是**本全面记录和赞美美国烹饪和美食文化显著多样性的书籍。本书对美味和地道的美国菜肴做了深入全面的调查，收录了800份家庭烹饪食谱，探索了这个国家无数的传统和影响、地区最爱的食物，以及熔炉般的结合——一个国家的饮食传统，从开胃菜到甜点，以及其它。‌【词汇延伸】widespreadavailability广泛可用性；广泛的利用综合实战演练（一）（2024·全国·高考甲卷真题）Oneday,wehadafamilydinner.Whiletheadultswerebusywiththeirserioustalkoutside,Iwasleftaloneinthe1tohelpmygrandmotherwashdishes.2mygrandmotherwouldtellmestoriesaboutherchildhood.BornjustbeforeWWII,mygrandmother3anentirelydifferentchildhoodlifestylefrommine.Shedidnothaveachancetogoto4.Likeintypicalfamilies,whereboyswere5muchmorethangirls,mygrandmahadtostayathometodo6.Theonlyopportunity(机会)shecouldseizeto7waswhenherbrotherwashavingChinese8withthefamilytutor.Shewouldsitquietlyatthefarendofthelongdinnertable,listening9.ThistrainingtaughthertoreadandwriteherChineseupsidedown—askillthathasturnedouttobequite10,especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper.Onmostweekends,mygrandmother,ayounggirlthen,andherbrotherwouldgotothe11.There,theywouldwalkthroughdeepwater,sitdowncrossleggedunderwaterandholdtheir12whiletheywatchedallactiongoingonaroundthem.ThisissomethingI13—herabilitytoopenher14underwaterandstillsitfortablyontheseabed.Mychildhoodisquite15paredwithhers.Iam16thatIdidnotneedto17thehardshipslikeshedid.I'veneverfacedtheproblemof18.Iguessourdifferentchildhoodbackgroundiswhatmakesmygrandmothersuchanamazingpersonto19to:herstoriesalwaysmakemyhistorytextbooks20.1．A．sittingroom B．kitchen C．yard D．dininghall2．A．Asalways B．Bytheway C．Forexample D．Hereandnow3．A．adjusted B．promoted C．achieved D．experienced4．A．work B．school C．court D．press5．A．favored B．tolerated C．trusted D．acknowledged6．A．gardening B．homework C．business D．housework7．A．exercise B．study C．explore D．teach8．A．food B．guests C．lessons D．tea9．A．closely B．directly C．nervously D．freely10．A．professional B．awkward C．simple D．practical11．A．market B．mountain C．beach D．class12．A．secret B．breath C．view D．tongue13．A．admire B．notice C．adopt D．value14．A．hands B．mouth C．eyes D．arms15．A．difficult B．plex C．happy D．similar16．A．grateful B．surprised C．convinced D．regretful17．A．reflectupon B．gothrough C．askabout D．preparefor18．A．unemployment B．health C．education D．munication19．A．attend B．refer C．lead D．talk20．A．etrue B．eround C．eout D．ealive高考英语完形填空解题技巧ThistrainingtaughthertoreadandwriteherChineseupsidedown—askillthathasturnedouttobequitepractical,especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper.ThistrainingtaughthertoreadandwriteherChineseupsidedown—askillthathasturnedouttobequitepractical,especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper.分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句主干“ThistrainingtaughthertoreadandwriteherChinese”为主谓宾补结构;“upsidedown”为副词短语作方式状语;破折号后面“askill”为插入语，补充说明前面内容是一项技能;“thathasturnedouttobequitepractical”为关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词skill;“especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper”为副词especially修饰whenever引导的时间状语从句，起强调作用。翻译：这次培训教会了她倒着读和写中文这项技能非常实用，尤其是在我们分享报纸的时候。entirelyentirelyadv全部地，完全地；crossleggedadv盘腿；theseabedn海床，海底；hardshipn艰难，困苦；favorv[熟词新义]偏袒，特别照顾；acknowledgev承认，（公开）感谢；closelyadv[熟词新义]仔细地；awkwardadj令人尴尬的，使人难堪的；practicaladj实用的；gratefuladj感激的；convincedadj确信的，坚信的；regretfuladj后悔的；unemploymentn失业seizeanopportunity抓住机会；atthefarendof在……的另一边，在……的尽头/远端；upsidedown颠倒地；turnouttobe原来是，结果是；asalways和往常一样（asusual）；bytheway顺便提一下；hereandnow此时此刻；reflectupon反思；gothrough经历；eround改变观点，拜访，苏醒；eout出现，开花，出版；ealive生动起来（etolife）全文翻译一天，我们吃了一顿家庭晚餐。当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。和往常一样，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。我的祖母出生在第一次世界大战之前，她的童年生活方式与我完全不同。她没有机会上学。就像在典型的家庭里，男孩比女孩受欢迎得多，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课时。她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。大多数周末，我的祖母（当时还是个小女孩）和她的哥哥都会去海滩。在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。这是我佩服的地方——她能在水下睁开眼睛，还能舒适地坐在海床上。与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。我从来没有遇到过教育问题。我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。（二）（2324高一下·福建·期末）Fourgirls.Twotents.Nocellphones.Athunderstorm.Onehundredandthirtyhoursofnonstop21.ThiswaswhatJuliaRuellejustexperienced.“Itwasreally22,”saidJuliaRuelleofherrecentweeklongadventuretotheBoundaryWatersCanoeAreaWildernesswiththreechildhoodfriends.Earlierthisyear,Julia,havingpleteda23forabraintumor(肿瘤)inApril,wonawritingcontestandwas24afreefivedaycampingadventurewithuptothreefriends.Itsaimistogetkidsawayfromtechnology.Shestruggledtochoosethefinalthree—AnnaWander,MadelineWilsonandJuliannaTorelli.No25areallowed,sogettingtheiragreementwaskindof26.Havingasatellitephoneandpromisingtocheckintwiceduringtheweekfinallywontheir27.ThefourgirlsarrivedinElyonJune10fortraining.They28thenextdayat7:00a.m.,andquicklyfitmanythingsintotheir29—gettingupearlyeverymorning,goingboatingbynoon,thenhavinglunchatthecampsites,30byswinging,reading,talking,andnapping.“Ilovehowyouareseparatedfromeverythinginyourlife,especially31,”Annasaid.Withoutherphone,shesaid,“I’mless32aboutthings.”“Wegotalongprettywell,”saidMadeline.“Wewerealwaystalkingbeforebed,aboutspecificthingsandthoughtsingeneral.”“Butwemightsometimeshavehad33,”Juliannaadded.Noonewasevenhungryorhomesick,buttheywereactuallynervousonenightastheywaitedoutathunderstorm.Aftertheadventure,Juliawillcontinuetotakephysicalexaminationeverythreemonthstomakesurethetumorisgone.“Mentalhealthcanbe34somuchintheBoundaryWaters.Itreallyhelpsto35andreconnectwithyourself,”saidJulia.21．A．tiredness B．happiness C．darkness D．togetherness22．A．amazing B．terrible C．boring D．costly23．A．petition B．treatment C．preparation D．registration24．A．promised B．directed C．offered D．advised25．A．parents B．friends C．teachers D．guides26．A．educating B．challenging C．satisfying D．impressing27．A．permission B．satisfaction C．confidence D．expectation28．A．turnedout B．turnedup C．setout D．setin29．A．hobby B．project C．schedule D．solution30．A．taught B．followed C．divided D．instructed31．A．society B．homework C．personality D．technology32．A．doubtful B．anxious C．curious D．unsatisfied33．A．disappointment B．joyfulness C．arguments D．injuries34．A．damaged B．improved C．arranged D．weakened35．A．getaway B．getback C．giveup D．giveaway（三）（2324高一·全国·假期作业）Whetheritisarelaxingwalkorapowerone,takingawalkusuallyonlylastsasmallperiodoftime.Thisisnotthe36forTomTurcich,though.OnApril2,2015,Tomdecidedtowalkaroundtheworldbyhimself.Itwasn’ta37thought.Hischildhoodfrienddied38attheageof17duetoaJetSkiaccident.39byhowshortlifewas,hewasfueledbyastrong40toliveeverydaytothefullest.Tom’swalk41asalonelyjourney.Butquickly,hefoundhimselfmissingthe42ontheroad.Andso,whilestoppinginAustin,Texas,he43Savannah,arescuedog.Sincethen,thepairhavebeenmakingtheirwayacrossbordersandcontinents,4425,000milesinall.Travelingalwayshassomeupsanddowns.Tom45numerousunexpecteddelaysalongtheway.Hisjourneywas46duetosevereweatherinPanamaandbecameveryillinScotland.Also,hehadno47buttowaitoutthetimeduetothelockdowninmanycountries.Butonthe48side,hemetmanykindpeopleand49thebeautyofnatureindifferentpartsoftheworld.Tom50himselftodosomethingfewpeoplehavesucceededin,whichhelpedhimgainamuchdeeperunderstandingoftheworld.36．A．case B．routine C．reason D．intention37．A．novel B．wise C．sudden D．simple38．A．instantly B．unexpectedly C．eventually D．undoubtedly39．A．Torn B．Shocked C．Moved D．Surprised40．A．enthusiasm B．curiosity C．pride D．desire41．A．started B．progressed C．proved D．remained42．A．neighborhood B．childhood C．panionship D．citizenship43．A．found B．spotted C．saved D．adopted44．A．covering B．holding C．occupying D．equaling45．A．responded B．experienced C．accepted D．ignored46．A．blownaway B．carriedaway C．backedup D．heldup47．A．responsibility B．right C．option D．opportunity48．A．rough B．invisible C．moral D．bright49．A．enjoyed B．missed C．recalled D．preserved50．A．discovered B．challenged C．suffered D．renewed（四）阅读理解（2324高一下·辽宁本溪·期末）Forthousandsofyears,humanshaveracedtobethefirsttoclimbapeak,crossafrontier,ordocumentanewspeciesorlandscape.Nowinsomecases,peopleareracingtobethelast.Inrecentyears,agrowingindustryhasbeenstimulatedbyclimatechange—lastchancetourism.AccordingtoEcoSustainableSolutions,aUKbasedorganicrecyclingandwasteprocessingpanylastchancetourismisakindoftourismgearedtowardseeingthelastofsomethingduetoclimatechange.Astemperaturesandwaterlevelsrise,thiscouldmeanseizingthelastchancetoseetheGreatBarrierReef,anArcticglacierandaremoteislandthatissinking.Asmillionsoftouristsrushtoimperileddestinations,somearetakingadvantageoftheincreasingdemandtospreadenvironmentalawareness.Onetouristspot,theSeaofIceinFrance,openedanexhibitin2021toeducatevisitorsonglaciersandclimatechange.Thiseducationalpushseemstobehavinganimpact,asa2023surveyshowedthat80%ofthevisitorswouldtrytolearnmoreabouttheenvironmentandhowtoprotectitwhile77%saidthattheywouldreducetheirwaterandenergyuse.However,thelastchancetourismindustrymaybeekindofourconcern.Asmoreandmorepeoplefloodintotheseareasinapanictoseethembeforetheyaregone,theyinfactcontributetotheincreasedgreenhousegasemissionsandovertourism,leadingtotheirdestruction.Justasmanyscholarsputit,lastchancetourismisaparadox(悖论).Althoughtouristsmayacknowledgethebroaderrisksandimportanceofclimatechange,it’sevenmoreimportanttoconnecttheresponsibilityoftheindividualtourismtothefutureofourplanet.It’snotjustaboutunderstandingtheneedtostopclimatechange;it’sevenmoreimportanttoavoidmakingitworse.51．Whatislastchancetourismprimarilydrivenby?A．Adventureseeking. B．Culturalexploration.C．Environmentalawareness. D．Historicalpreservation.52．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“imperiled”inparagraph3mostlikelymean?A．Developed. B．Endangered. C．Deserted. D．Preserved.53．Whatissuggestedinaddressingthenegativeimpactsoflastchancetourism?A．Promotingculturalpreservationefforts.B．Spreadingawarenessaboutclimatechange.C．Reducingindividualcontributionstoclimatechange.D．Encouragingmoretouriststovisitimperileddestinations.54．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribelastchancetourism?A．It’sastonetokilltwobirds. B．It’sadoubleedgedsword.C．It’salifejacketinthestormysea. D．It’sasolutiononceandforall.（五）（2324高一下·吉林·期末）Areyouinterestedinfood,UnitedStateshistory,andtheEnglishlanguage?Ifso,Americancookbooksprovidewideinformationinallthreesubjects.Thefirst,publishedin1796,startedamarketthatcontinuesinthe21stcenturywithonlinepublicationsofsuchworks.And,theliteratureoffersmorethanjustrecipes(食谱).AmyBentleyisafoodhistorianatNewYorkUniversity.Shesaidthatcookbooksfromthe1800swereuseaaslifestyleandhouseholdguides.Theyincludefoodrecipes,buttheywerenotcentraltothebooksbackthen.“So,thereresomerecipesforfood,butitcouldberecipesforacleaningsolvent(溶剂)orwhattodowhenyourchildhasbeenpoisonedandhowtoclean,”Bentleysaid.AmericanCookerybyAmeliaSimmonsisthefirstcookbookpublishedintheUnitedStates.SimmonswrotethathergoalwiththebookwastoimprovethenewgenerationofwomenintheUS.AndaftertheCivilWar,cookbooksbecamemoremanifold.Writersstartedexploringlocalfoodsandcustomsintheirwork.Somemunitieswouldputtogetheragroupcookbooktoraisemoney.ThesecookbooksprovideałookintowhattheAmericanmiddleclasswaseatingthroughouttheyears.Suchworksserveasarecordofthetraditionsandinterestsofdifferentneighbourhoodsandgroups.Throughouttheyearscookbookshavesignifiedhumanity’sgrowthinknowledge,trends(趋势)andinventions.Duringthelastpartofthe19thcentury,forexample,manyrecipeswereinformedbythedangersoffoodcontainingbacteria(细菌).Then,inthe1930s,refrigerators(冰箱)becamemonobjectsinAmericanhomes.ButcookbooksarenotpletereflectionsofAmericanlife.Publishingpaniesmostlycontrolcookbookcontent.And,theirmaingoalistomakemoneyfrombooksales.Inthe21stcentury,withthegrowthofsocialmediaandfoodwebsites,publishingpanieshavelesscontrol.Thesenewwaystosharerecipeshaveledtomoreopendiscussionsaboutfoodandcooking.Thisgivesthepublicmorechoicesandpower.55．Whatcanyoufindinthecookbooksfromthe1800s?A．Travelguides. B．Popularclothes.C．Cleaningmethods. D．Historicalevents.56．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“manifold”meaninParagraph3?A．Various. B．Famous. C．Challenging. D．Serious.57．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningrefrigerators?A．Totelltheimportanceofrefrigerators.B．Toshowthedevelopmentoftechnology.C．ToprovideanexampleofsocialproblemsD．Toprovecookbooksreflecttheprogressofhumanlife.58．Fromwhichpartofamagazineisthetextprobablytaken?A．Language. B．History. C．Culture. D．Education.（六）（2324高一下·云南大理·期末）Chinesenetizensrecentlyexpressedamazementatamapfilledwiththicklydottedsignsclearlymarkingthecountry’shistoricsitesandculturalrelics.ThemapwasmadebyWuYunjie,whowasborninthe1990s.Wuhasadeepinterestinculturalrelicsandhistory.Whenhewasincollege,hewouldoftenmakeuseofhissparetimetotravelaroundthecountry,exploringanddocumentingancientsites.In2020,hestartedcollectinginformationonculturalrelicprotectionunitsanduploadedthedatatothemappingsoftware.Assomeoftheinformationisnotfullydisclosedandmanyhistoricalsitesinfarareascannotbelocatedspecifically,Wuspentalotoftimeonresearchandcarryingoutonsitevisits.Now,themapincludesnearly10,000historicallandmarkswithdifferentcolorsstandingfordifferentkinds:Redsignsshowtheculturalrelicsitesunderstateprotectionorthenationallevelmuseums,whilegreensignsstandfortheprovinciallyprotectedhistoricalsites.Alotofancienttemples,bridgesandotherarchitectureinthefarareasarealsomarkedonthemap.Anetizenposted,“Iactuallyfoundtheancienttoweraroundmyhouseonthemap!”However,inWu’seyes,themapisnotperfect,asitrecordedlessthantwopercentoftheover760,000immovableculturalrelicsregisteredinthecountry’sthirdnationalsurveyofculturalrelics.ButWuhasbeenworkingonimprovingit.“Ifpossible,I’dalsoliketodocumenttheculturalrelicsthathavebeenlostoverseas.Thosetreasuresmaynotbeabletoreturntotheirhomelandforthetimebeing,butthestoriesthattheycarryarewhatweneedtosee.”59．WhatcanwelearnaboutWuYunjie?A．Heworkedasasoftwareengineer. B．Hedevelopedamappingsoftware.C．Hehadadeepinterestintravelling. D．Hewasayoungresponsiblenetizen.60．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disclosed”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Applied B．Spread. C．Discovered. D．Understood.61．Whyareanetizen’swordsquotedinparagraph4?A．Toshowtheconvenienceofthemap.B．Tointroducehowtousethemapproperly.C．Toprovethemapisbelievableandinformative.D．Toexplainthemeaningofdifferentcolorsonthemap.62．WhatdoesWuYunjieplantodo?A．Includeculturalrelicslostoverseasinhismap.B．BringculturaltreasuresbacktoChinafromabroad.C．Makethemapperfectbyaddingdotsofothercolors.D．Solvetechnicalproblemsandmakemoneywiththemap.（七）（2324高一下·广东深圳·期末）StandingatthetopofastaircaseintheLouvreinParis,theNike,ortheWingedVictory(胜利女神),looksdownoverheradmiringcrowds.ThisstatueisoneofthemostfamousartworksofGreekart.63LateritwasbroughttoParisandhasbeenondisplayintheLouvresince1866.TheNikeconsistsoftwoparts:alargeship’sfrontpart,andastandingstatuewithatotalheightofmorethaneighteenfeet.ItlooksliketheWingedVictoryhasjustflowndownfromthesky.64Thewindblowsherdressacrossherbody,gatheringitinheavyfolds,andstreamingbehindher.Whenviewerslookather,theycanalmostfeelthewindfromthesea.65Thestatue,asitstandstodayintheLouvre,hasbeenpartlyrepaired.Therightwingisamoderncopy,butthemissingfeet,arms,andheadhavenotbeenrecovered,givingviewersmuchtoimagine.Forinstance,didtheNikeholdobjectsinherhands?Infact,peoplefoundherrighthandin1950,whosefingersarespreadout.66Shemusthavesimplyraisedherrightarmingreeting.Herheadmayhavelookedstraig