高三英语二轮复习语法速记精练讲义

高中英语二轮复习核心语法速记精炼

高中英语语法基本框架图

名词

核心考点1:可数名词变复数

1.规则变化

变化规则例词

experiment(实验)一experiments;human(人

类)—humans(2021);crowd(人群)—crowds(2017);

1一般情况在词尾加S

day-days(2016);death—deaths(死亡数量)；

person-persons或people

以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后dish(碟子;饭菜)一dishes;branch(树枝)一

2

加es,注意th结尾直接加sbranches;box—boxes

leaf(叶子)一leaves;shelf(架子;书架—shelves

口诀助记：妻子(wifewives)持刀(knifeknives)去宰狼

变f和fe为v再加

以f或fe(wolfwolves),小偷(thiefthieves)吓得发了慌；躲在架

es

3结尾的(shelfshelves)后保己(selfselves)命(lifelives),半

词(halfhalves)片树叶(leafleaves)遮目光

roof(房顶)-roofs;chief(首领;酋长)一chieA;proof(证

个别的加S

据)-proofs;chef(厨师)—chefs

以辅音字母加y结尾的名activity-activities(2021);study(研究)一studies;

4

词，变y为i加esstrategy(策略)一strategies;factory(工厂)一factories

一般加Sphoto(照片)一photos;bamboo(竹子)一bamboos

以O结

heroes-^heroes；potato一potatoes

5尾的名

少数加es口诀助记：黑人(negroes)英雄(heroes)爱吃土豆

词

(potatoes)西红柿(tomatoes)和芒果(mangoes)

2.不规则变化

变化规则例词

foot—>feetD;tooth一teeth口；goose（鹅）一geese;

1改变内部元音字母

man—>menD;policeman—>policemen□

sheep-she印口；fish（活鱼）一fish口（鱼肉为不可数名

2单复数相同词）；Chinese（中国人）一Chinese;means（方式）—means;

series（系歹ij）一series;species（物种）一species

child一children口；mouse—>mice;ox（公牛）—oxen;

3无规则变化medium（媒体）一media;bacterium一bacteria（细菌）；

phenomenon（现象）一phenomena

passerby（路人）一passersby;

将主体名词变为复数

合

soninlaw（女婿）一sonsinlaw

成

4无主体名词将最后一

名grownup（成年人）一grownups

部分变为复数

词

将两部分都变为复数womansinger一womensingers

对点练习

1.AlthoughBeethovencouldn'thearthe（instrument）beingplayed,hecouldstill

hearthesoundtheymadeinhishead.

2.Therehavebeentwelve（death）reported,andallcasesarereportedtohavea

historyofcigarettesmoking.

3.MakingChinese（dish）isseenasespeciallytroublesome.

4.InSichuanProvince,thegovernmentisclosing（factory）downbecausethere9s

notenoughenergy.

5.Everyoneissupposedtoputbooksbacktothe（shelf）whentheclosingbellis

sounded.

6.（2021年新高考I卷）Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyou

howtinywe（human）are.

7.（2021全国甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgates

and（watchtower）tofakepictures...

8.（2024全国乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethat/whichwelesthe

fastpaceddevelopmentofmodemlife,with21stcenturyarchitectural（wonder）

standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.

9.（2024浙江1月首考）Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforwardlooking（one）

mayyeteoutwithawholerangeof'justforyou“packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.

10.（2024九省联考）Now,mostpeoplereachfor（keyboard）fasterthantheypickup

pens.

Key:1.instruments（n.乐器；仪器）2.deaths（n.死亡数量）3.dishes（n.饭菜;碟盘）4.

fkctories（n.工厂）5.shelves（n.架子；书架）6.humans（n.人类）7.watchtowers（n.瞭望塔）8.

wanders（n.奇迹；奇观）9.ones10.keyboards（n.键盘）

核心考点2：常考不可数名词速记

（不可数名词一般没有复数形式，做主语看成单数形式）

单词词义单词词义

advice建议information信息

news新闻；消息furniture家具

traffic交通knowledge知识

equipment设备progress进步

money钱change零钱

hair头发baggage/luggage行李

homework/housework家庭作业/家务活meat肉

room空间luck运气

music音乐housework家务

fun乐趣wealth财富

milk牛奶weather天气

bread面包food食物

work工作paper纸

核心考点3：名词所有格形式

所有格形式举例

's/s，类:一般表示有生ateacher9sduty一个教师职责;theboss'soffice老板的办公

1

命的名词所有格，但时室；Women'sDay妇女节；Children'sDay儿童节；

间、距离、国家城市等Teachers'Day教师节；theparents'right父母的权利；

无生命名词也可以使yesterday'snewspaper昨天的报纸；twomiles?walk两英里

用。单数及不规则名词的路程；China'shistory中国的历史

复数'S,复数名词s\注意：thedoctor's=thedoctor'soffice医务所；theSmith's

史密斯的家（区分theSmiths史密斯一家人）

of类：一般表示无生命

2themouthoftheriver河口;thecoverofthebook书的封面

名词的所有格

双重所有格：由of所

astudentofmyfather^我爸爸的一个学生；

3有格和，s/s，或名词性物

afriendofmine我的一个朋友

主代词构成

对点练习

1.(2021年八省联考)A(student)collegeexperienceishisorherown,andthestudent

mustputhisorhereducationfirst.

2.Thetouristcenterisfarawayfromhereindeed.It'stwo(hour)walk.

3.Paintingisgoodto(one)healthandliftsspirits.

4.1cameacrossagoodfriendof(I)inthesquaretheotherday,butwedidn'ttalk

muchbecausehewasrushingtocatchthebus.

5.InApril2020,theSuzhougovernmentlaunchedthe(nation)firstoffline

unconditionalreturnservice.

Key:1.student's2.hours'3.one's4.mine5.nationa9s

代词

cvery-;some-;any-;no-;one;onos；€»ll/each;another/othe

不定代词

r/others;either/neither;rr»any/much^5i

指示代词het;those;

类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词

作宾语（必须主

作主语、宾语或表

功能作主语作宾语作定语修饰n.宾一致）或同位

语=形物代+n.

语

第一Imemyminemyself

人称weusouroursourselves

第二youyouyouryoursyourself

人称youyouyouryoursyourselves

hehimhishishimself

第二sheherherhersherself

人称ititititsitself

theythemtheirtheirsthemselves

对点练习

1.（2020全国乙卷）Visitorscanplaywithputersimulations（模拟）andimagine

（they）livingatadifferenttimeinhistory.

2.（2021全国乙卷）Ecotourism（生态旅游）has（it）originwiththeenvironmental

movementofthe1970s.

3.（2021浙江6月）Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionof（she）,

everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.

4.（2021新高考1卷）Asthesonggoes,thislongandwinding（蜿蜒的）roadwillalways

stickinthevisitor'smemory.Itsuredoesin（I）.

5.Despite（he）oldage,Jackisstillinbettershapethanmanyyoungmen.

6.Inhisletter,hethanked（I）formyappreciatinghiswork.

7.isbelievedthatitwashisabilitytoworkunderpressurethatledtohisgreat

success.

8.Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemadeeasierforthepublic

tospendmoreongifts.

9.You'dbettertakedownthenumberthatJimtoldyoujustnowincaseyouforget.

10.Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafterschoolactivitiesarehappierthan

whoarenot.

11.TheweatherinBeijinginwinteriscolderthanofShanghai.

Key:1.themselves2.its3.herself4.mine（=mymemory）5.his6.me7.It（形式主语）8.it（形式

宾语）9.it（代指thenumber）10.that（指代同类不同物的单数名词或不可数名词,此处指

weather）

动词谓语动词

常考的谓语动词时态及被动语态

1.一般现在时表常态的动作状态或客观真理□:do/does;am/is/aream/is/aredone

时间标志词:always,often,sometimes,usually,seldom,everday或陈述客观事实

2.一般过去式表过去的动作或状态□:did;was/werewas/weredone

时间标志词：yesterday,last...,...ago,theotherday（前几天）,in2021,then（那时），

previously（以前）等

3.一般将来时表将来的动作或状态：willdo;willbewillbedone

4.现在进行时表现在正在进行的动作，现在进行时有时也可表将来：am/is/are

doingam/is/arebeingdone

时间标志词：now,currently（目前）

5.过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作：was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone

6.现在完成时表示动作已完成或过去的动作持续到现在□:have/hasdone;have/hasbeen

have/hasbeendone

时间标志词：since+时间点；fbr+时间段；recently/lately（最近）;inrecent

months/years.../sofar/uptonow/tillnow/bynow（到目前为止）；in/over/duringthe

last/past・・•（在过去的…里）

7.过去完成时表示过去某时之前动作就已完成，强调动作发生在“过去的过去”：had

done;hadbeenhadbeendone

时间标志词：...before；by+过去的时间（截止到…前）；before/bythetime+从句

8.现在完成进行时强调过去的动作延续到现在并且还会继续下去，译为一直在做..

：have/hasbeendoing

9.含有情态动词□:情态动词can;could/must/should/may;might/will;would+do

情态动词could/must/should/may;might/will;would/hadbetter+bedone

动词变单数第三人称，过去式/过去分词和现在分词规则

形式变化规则构成方法例词

单数第一般情况直接加-Smean（意味着；意思

三人称是)Tmeans(2020)

□；e1里(2017)

以-ch,-sh,-s,-x结teach一teaches；

加-es

尾mix(混合)一mixes

以-。结尾加-esdo一does;go一goes

变y为i加cany(携带；搬运)一carries(2020)

以“辅音字母+y”结尾

-escry~~cries

touch-touched(2020)

一般情况直接加-ed

start—started(2018)

过去式hire—>hired(2021)

以不发音e结尾直接加-d

/decide一decided

过去分以重读闭音节结尾，末双写辅音字admit—>admitted(2020)

词口尾只有一个辅音字母母加-edprefer一preferred

变y为i加carry一carried(2020)

以“辅音字母+y”结尾

-edtry—>tried

visit—visiting

直：一般情况直接加-ing

say一saying

e—>ing(2020)

去：以不发音e结尾去e力口-ing

一

现在writewriting

双：以重读闭音节结

分词口

双写辅音字cut一cutting

尾，末尾只有一个辅音

母加-ingrun一running

字母

lie(躺；说谎)—lying;

特：特殊情况特殊记忆

die(死)—dying;tie(拴)—tying

类型汉语原形过去式过去分词

能cancould/

AB型将要；会；…好吗shallshould/

将要；会；愿意；要willwould/

可以；也许；可能maymight/

AAA型值（多少钱）；花费costcostcost

切；剪；削；割cutcutcut

打；撞；击中hithithit

伤害；受伤；伤人感情hurthurthurt

让letletlet

必须；应当；必定是mustmustmust

放；摆putputput

放；安置setsetset

关上；封/禁闭；合拢shutshutshut

延伸；展开spreadspreadspread

读；朗读readreadread/red/

AAB型敲打；击打；打赢beatbeatbeaten

变得；成为beebecamebee

ABA型来；来到ecamee

跑/奔跑；（颜色）褪色runranrun

拿来；带来；取来bringbroughtbrought

买buyboughtbought

想；认为；考虑thinkthoughtthought

接/捉住;赶上;染上（疾

catchcaughtcaught

ABB型病）

教书；教teachtaughttaught

建筑；建立buildbuiltbuilt

借（出）；把…借给lendlentlent

打发；派遣；送；邮寄sendsentsent

度过；花费（钱/时间）spendspentspent

失去；丢失loselostlost

粘住；钉住；坚持stickstuckstuck

挖（洞、沟等）；掘digdugdug

悬挂；吊着；把…吊起hanghunghung

感觉；觉得；摸；触feelfeltfelt

保持；保存；继续不断keepkeptkept

睡觉sleepsleptslept

扫除；扫sweepsweptswept

离开；把…留下；剩下leaveleftleft

嗅；闻到；发出（气味）smellsmeltsmelt

拼写spellspeltspelt

溢出；溅出；洒出spillspiltspilt

放；搁laylaidlaid

付钱；给...报酬paypaidpaid

说；讲saysaidsaid

卖；售sellsoldsold

告诉；讲述；吩咐telltoldtold

坐sitsatsat

ABB型

吐痰；吐唾沫spitspatspat

站；立；忍受standstoodstood

懂得；明白；理解understandunderstoodunderstood

燃烧/着火；使烧焦/晒黑burnburntburnt

学；学习；学会learnlearntlearnt

意思是；意指meanmeantmeant

糟蹋；损坏；溺爱spoilspoiltspoilt

梦；梦想dreamdreamtdreamt

喂（养）;饲（养）feedfedfed

遇见；见到meetmetmet

领导；带领leadledled

成为；得到；具有；达

getgotgot

到

发光；照耀；杰出；擦

shineshoneshone

亮

获胜；赢得winwonwon

有；吃/喝；进行/经受have/hashadhad

制造；做；使得makemademade

听见；听说；得知hearheardheard

打架/仗；与…打仗fightfoughtfought

找到；发现；感到findfoundfound

拿/抱；握住;举行holdheldheld

是bewas/werebeen

开始；着手beginbeganbegun

喝；饮drinkdrankdrunk

（钟/铃）响；打ringrangrung

唱；唱歌singsangsung

下仇；仇没sinksanksunk

游泳；游swimswamswum

吹；刮风；吹气blowblewblown

ABC型（鸟/飞机）飞；（人乘

飞机）飞行；（旗子）flyflewflown

飘动

生长；发育；种植；变

growgrewgrown

得

知道；了解；认识；懂

knowknewknown

得

投；掷；扔throwthrewthrown

绘画；拉；拖；提取（金

drawdrewdrawn

钱）

给…看；出示；显示showshowedshown

打破；损坏；撕开breakbrokebroken

偷；窃取stealstolestolen

选择choosechosechosen

忘记；忘掉forgetforgotforgotten

结冰freezefrozefrozen

说；讲；谈话；发言speakspokespoken

醒；醒来；叫醒wakewokewoken

驾驶；开（车）；驱赶drivedrovedriven

吃eatateeaten

ABC型落（下）；降落；倒fallfellfallen

给；递给；付出；给予givegavegiven

把…藏起来；隐藏hidehidhidden

骑（马/自行车）；乘车rideroderidden

上升；上涨riseroserisen

拿；服（药）；乘坐；

taketooktaken

花费

弄错mistakemistookmistaken

（使）动摇；震动shakeshookshaken

写；书写；写作；著述writewrotewritten

是am/iswasbeen

是arewerebeen

做；干dodiddone

去；走；变得；通往gowentgone

躺；臣卜；平放；位于lielaylain

看见/到；领会；拜会seesawseen

穿；戴wearworeworn

对点练习

1.（2024浙江1月首考）Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets（start）selling

chickenorsaladinpacksdesignedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions份）.

2.（2024九省联考）Fountainpens（use）inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregaining

popularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.

3.（2021全国高考甲卷）TheXi'anCityWall（build）originallytoprotectthe

cityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored（修复）.

4.（2021浙江卷）AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouse

and（sell）mostoftheirfurniture.

5.（2020全国卷II）Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers

（carry）specialsignificance.

6.（2020年全国口卷）Theartistwassurehewould（choose）.

7.（2020浙江卷）Byabout6000BC,people（discover）thebestcropstogrow

andanimalstoraise.

8.（2019,全国II卷）IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI（make）

overtheyears.

9.（2018全国口卷）Since2011,thecountry（grow）morecornthanrice.

10.（2016全国口卷）Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow（be）often

acceptable.

11.There（be）adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast

20years.

12.Singleuseplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey（throw）away.

13.However,greaterattentionshould（place）onlongevity（长寿）.

14.TheexpressionYYDS,literallymeaning"eternalGod”,（illustrate）one'sfeeling

whentheyfindsomethingorsomeonegodlike,awesomeandexceptional.

15.PierreCoubertin,aFrenchman,（found）theInternationalOlympicmittee（IOC）

in1894.

Key:1.hasstarted（时标：overthelasttwoyears）2.wereused的标：longago）3.wasbuilt（in

theTangdynasty）4.sold（并列句）5.carries（表语从句谓语动词主语decoratingwith

plants,fruitsandflowers动名词看成单数）6.bechosen（情态动词的被动语态）7.had

discovered（时标：byabout6000BC）8.havemade（定语从句谓语动词时标：overthe

years）9.hasgrown（时标：since2011）10.is（Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow

动名词做主语）11.hasbeen（therebe的完成时态therehave/hasbeen时标：overthepast

20years）12.arethrown（状语从句谓动）13.beplaced（情态动词的被动语态）14.

illustrates15.founded（时标：ini894）

动词非谓语动词

非谓语动词是指不作谓语动词的动词形式。

非谓语动词法则：一个英语句子在没有连词连接的情况下有且只有一个谓语动词，如果句

子已经有了一个谓语动词，那么其他动词只能以非谓语的形式出现，在句中作除谓语以外

的其他成分。

动名词作主语LearningChineseisveryimportantforTom.

动名词作宾语TomenjoyslearningChinese.

动名词/现在分词作表语Tom'shobbyislearningChinese,forlearning

ChineseisexcitingforTom.

现在分词作定语TheboyreadinganinterestingChinesebookin

thereadingroomisTom.

doing:现在现在分词作状语ReadingaChinesebook,Tomwasvery

分词表主动interested.

进行/动名现在分词作宾语补足语IsawTomreadingaChinesebook.

词相当于名现在分词的完成形式HavinglearntChineseforsomanyyears,Tom

词havingdone作状语强调isabletospeakfluentEnglish.

该动作先于谓语动词动

作前发生

作主语TolearnChinesewellisTom'sdream.=Itis

Tom'sdreamtolearnEnglishwell.

作宾语TomwantstolearnEnglishwell.

作表语Tom'sgoalistolearnEnglishwell.

作定语TomhastheabilitytolearnEnglishwellandhe

alsohasaplantostudyinChina.

不定式to作状语TolearnEnglishwell,Tomworkshard.=Tom

do:表目的workshardtolearnEnglishwell.

或将来作宾语补足语Tom'sfatherinspireshimtolearnEnglishwell.

不定式todo的被动形式LearningChinesesowellenablesTomtobe

tobedone作宾语补足语invitedtoChinaasanexchangestudent.

作定语TheboyinspiredbyhisfatherisTom.

过去分词作状语Inspiredbyhisfather,Tomtrieshisbesttolearn

done:表被Chinesewell.

动或完成作宾语补足语WefindTominspiredbyhisfatheralot.

作表语TomisveryinterestedinlearningChinese.

对点练习

1.Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts(develop)aftergreateffort.

2.Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.

3.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalfterm(rest).

4.(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberof

publicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,(invite)twentynineteaprofessionals

fromaroundtheworldtohavethirtysixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.

5.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetreelinedstreet,not(know)whereshewas

heading.

6.Andwhenhesawthemists(薄雾)risingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds

(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.

7.When(face)withdifficultsituationsintheirlives,manypeoplefindthemtoo

challengingandgiveup.

When(face)difficultsituationsintheirlives,manypeoplefindthemtoo

challengingandgiveup.

8.(see)fromthetopofthemountain,ourcitylooksbeautiful.

(see)fromthetopofthemountain,Ifindourcityverybeautiful.

9.Hehurriedtothehall,(follow)bytwoguards.

10.(plete)in611,theChina9sGrandCanalgrowmoreandmoreimportant

throughoutChinaoverthenext500rears.Inadditionto(move)ricearoundChina,

itwasalsoanimportantwaterway.

11.Orangesmakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes(decorate)withred

envelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune

12.Itispossible(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.

13.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout(find)thewellknownpainter.

14.Theyareeasy(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

15.Sheis(satisfy)withtheonlineeducationthoughshehasn'thadatraditional

schoolexperience.

16.Thepanyaims（promote）bikecultureasalifestylechoice.

17.Chinaisthefirstdevelopingcountry（host）theOlympicGamesinmodern

Olympichistory.

18.Childrenmayhavegreaterability（figure）outthingsthanscientists.

19.Incollege,therearesomanygoodchancesforyou（meet）yourexpectations.

20.Cookingbenefitspeopleinmanywaysandenablesthem（connect）withone

another.

Key1.developed（过去分词作宾语补足语）2.saying（过去分词作后置定语）3.resting（spend

时间doingsth）4.Tostrenghthen（过去分词表目的）；inviting（现在分词作状语）5.knowing（现

在分词作状语）6.surrounding（现在分词作宾语补足语）7.facing（现在分词作状语）；faced（过

去分词作状语befacedwith面对）8.seen（过去分词