（2014-2023）高考真题英语分项汇编阅读理解新闻报道及其它（解析版）

专题16阅读理解新闻报道及其它

2023年阅读理解新闻报道

Passage1

【2023年全国甲卷】Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder9sSophiesWorld.Itwas

fullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeand

broughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲学）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeople

whothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou-andthentrytoexplainthem.

EricWeiner'sTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmylovefor

philosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher'sworkin

thecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlike

Socrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookabout

understandingphilosophy,isabookabourlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoes

sowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,and

hebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding（解读）theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypulls

themindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffee

orteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.Ifsworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwe

don'thavealotof.

28.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.

C.JosteinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.

29.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?

A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.

B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner'sbook.

30.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.

B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.

D.Itleavesanopenending.

31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner?sbook?

A.Objectiveandplain.

B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D

【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明书评。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书TheSocratesExpress

唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了TheSocratesExpress这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段"Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder'sSophie'sWorld.It

wasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketome

andbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲学）.（我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本JosteinGaarder的

《Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把

我带入一个哲学的世界。）”可知，JosteinGaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframes

eachphilosopher'sworkinthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisareadinwhich

welearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.

（Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他

们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像

叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。）”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过

列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大

的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段中“This,morethanabookaboutundestandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningto

usephilosophytoimprovealife.（这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活

的书。）”可知，作者喜欢TheSocratesExpress这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。木艮据倒数第二段中“Hemakesphilosopicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequality

ofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.（他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我

们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感可知,Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The

SocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemin

deeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.（TheSocratesExpress是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的

简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。）”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，

由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。

2022年阅读理解新闻报道

Passage1

[2022年全国乙卷】In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y,一Dorothy

WoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-room

schoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,

Colo,toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthe

subjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,

whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhad

undertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketof

snowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveatthe

schoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluenced

thegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed（牵

涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturn

toAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（坚忍）ofthepeoplemoveherto

somebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthe

sunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarked

onlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.^^

4.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?

A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

CTheylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

6.WhichpartofWickenden^writingishair-raising?

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

7.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren'sstory.D.Adiaryentry.

【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了DorothyWickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-Dorothy

WoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-room

schoolhouse.(1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩---DorothyWoodruff和Rosamond

Underwood-----来到落基山脉的一个定居点,在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。”可知,Dorothy和Rosamond

去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rare

baths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.（他们和——个当地家庭，哈里森——家

一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)"以及"Inspring,

thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。）”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰

苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrilling

throughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.（令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目

的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。）”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚

然的。故选C项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.（这本书以

Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。）”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthe

landandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.（Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地

的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。）”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并

对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。

2020年阅读理解新闻报道

Passage1

[2020年新课标HI】When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroup

ofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpainton

fur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasign

praisingthefilmmakers:"Thanksfornotusingrealapes（猿）!”

Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（动作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,

spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor5sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwith

computergraphicstocreateafinalimage（图像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.One

nonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmore

than2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,9,“TheHangoverPart

II"and"Zookeeper,“havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreated

properly.

Insomecases,ifsnotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;ifs

theoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmade

outsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.

24.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?

A.Toseefamousfilmstars.

B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.

C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.

D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes.”

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout"Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson“inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Listingcompletely.

B.Directingprofessionally.

C.Promotingsuccessfully.

D.Watchingcarefully.

27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?

A.Theymaybebadlytreated.

B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.

C.Theycouldbetradedillegally

D.Theywouldlosepopularity.

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞

前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造

技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也

是不能够被监测到的。

24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasign

praisingthefilmmakers:4'Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，

手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了

向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。

25.主旨大意题。根据第二段"Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（动作捕捉）technologyto

createdigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor9sperformance

andlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage（图像）可知，"人猿”背后的创作团队利用动

作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产

生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。

26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimals

infilmedentertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,

including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartIInand"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswho

saythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.（许多电影，包括“大象的眼泪宿醉II"和“管理

员”，引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动

物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选

D项。

27.推理判断题。根据最后一段Insomecases,ifsnotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudio

thathasactivistsworried;it'stheoffsettrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andthereare

questionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductions

filmedintheSates."（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和

生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严

密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活

条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。

Passage!

[2020年新课标HI】Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation（孤独），

morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthe

groundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberof

multigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashing

machine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,9,saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:"Wespoke

morewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.^^

AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,

IthinkIwould.^^

Ifshardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeen

risingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogether

hadrisenfrom325,000in200Ito419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;

manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of

25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotalnumberofallmultigenerational

householdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.

InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamilywhenthey

getmarried.

28.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?

A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.

29.WhatisNick'sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?

A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.

30.Whatistheauthor'sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?

A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被

孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。

28.细节理解题。根据第三段"butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomon

thegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托尔的

维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。

29.推理判断题。根据第五段"AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.

WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推

荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选

A项。

30.细节理解题。根据第六段"Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationsliving

togetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的

32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeir

parents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughtto

beabout1.8million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。

据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计

数据。故选C项。

31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段'Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskof

isolation（孤独）,morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人

又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋

势。故选D项。

Passage3

【2020年新高考全国I卷（山东卷）】Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerin

Uzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattracted

tothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongthe

GhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsof

liveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,

andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorful

EnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.

InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolice

methodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬礼）followedbyastrange

drinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmiles

fromthesea.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-rounded

pictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashis

delicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.

Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.

8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?

A.Hisfriends*invitation.B.Hisinterestinthecountry.

C.Hisloveforteaching.D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?

A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.

B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.

C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.

D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.

10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?

A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell

在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。

8.细节理解题。根据第一段的"Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowrite

anarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别

克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。

故选B。

9.词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根

据第一段最后一句"Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticle

aboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea（几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于

咸海消失的文章）”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。

10.推理判断题。根据第三段"ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalso

itsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukhara

hegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬

礼）followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesand

fishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既体会到了友善和温暖，

也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，MrBissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀

疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒

会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他

经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项（充满事件的，多事的）可以表达此意。故选B。

11.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书

《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的

写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。

Passage4

[2020年新高考全国II卷（海南卷）]InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.The

bridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000

peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthe

bridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviest

loadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway（晃动）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothe

bridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.

ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealoveletterto

engineeringandapaean（赞歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingabout

disasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天飞机）ChallengerandColumbia,andthe

sinkingoftheTitanic.

Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemupor

engineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontext

inwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowquality

materialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,with

seeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.

Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussion

oftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.

HSuccessissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.

8.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?

A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.

B.Itswayedviolentlyinastrongwind

C.Itsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehicles

D.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.

9.WhichofthefollowingisDrPetroski*sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?

A.Nodesigniswellreceivedeverywhere

B.Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.

C.Notalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesign

D.Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.

10.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Failurecanleadtoprogress.B.Successresultsinoverconfidence

C.Failureshouldbeavoided.D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.

11.Whatisthetext?

A.AnewsreportB.Ashortstory.

C.AbookreviewD.Aresearcharticle.

【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.C

【解析】这是一篇书评。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可

能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewas

closedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshow

up.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,

engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadit

hadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50

岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80

万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载

的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量

超过了它的承受能力。故选A。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第三段"Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwho

thoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsider

thelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwith

lowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainand

again,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.”可矢口，虽然他承认

工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓

宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造

的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是

无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工

程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可

以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthat

isatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（赞歌）toitsbreakdowns.”可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：理

解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本

书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的"Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,but

somenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoung

engineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他