2024年同等学力英语真题及参考答案

全国同等學力英語真題及参照答案全国同等學力英語真題及参照答案Documentserialnumber【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】同等學力英語真題及参照答案PaperOne(90minutes)PartIDialogueCommunication(10minutes,10points,1foreach)SectionADialogueCompletionDirections:Inthissection,youwillread5shortincompletedialoguesbetweentwospeakers,eachfollowedby4choicesmarkedChoosetheanswerthatbestsuitsthesituationtocompletethedialogue.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.A.CanyoutakeoverformehereforalittlewhileIhaveafriendcomingtoseeme.B.I’dliketo,but_____________.AskPeter,heisnotsooccupiedatthismoment.A.HowcanIdoitB.that’salright.C.Ihavemyhandsfull.B.that’simpossible2.A:Togetanoutsideline,justdial0andthephonenumber.Orwecanplaceacallforyou,ifyouwant.B.No,thanksalot.A.JustputmethroughB.I’lltryitmyselfC.I’drathernotD.I’llappreciateyourhelp3.A:Now,it’sjustwork,work,work.Iworkhardallday,everyday.B:Oh,come.You’remakingagoodsalarynow.A.Don’tcomplain.B.SorrytohearaboutitC.AnythingIcandoforyouD.What’syourplan4.A:Pamela,canyoucometoameetingonFridayB:________________Letmecheckmyschedule.WhenareyouhavingitA.Nobitdeal.B.IamnotsureC.CanID.Surething5.A:Iamreallygettingfedupwiththesalespersonswhokeepcalling.B:_______________A.IhopeitisnothingseriousB.Theyaresostupid!C.SoamI.ItissoannoyingD.Youareright.Forgetit.SectionBDialogueComprehensionDirections:Inthissection,youwillread5shortconversionsbetweenamanandawoman.Attheendofeachconversationthereisaquestionfollowedby4choicesmarkedthebestanswertothequestionfromthe4choicesbymarkingthecorrespondingbetterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.6.Man:Ihavefigureditallout.Itlookslikeitwilltakeusabout5hourstodrivefromheretoChicago.Woman:It’dbemorerelaxingtotakethetrain.ButIguessweshouldwatchourexpenses.Question:WhatdoesthewomanimplyA.ShelikestodrivewhenshetravelsB.Shedoesn’twanttogotoChicago.C.Shedoesn’tknowthecostofthetraintrip.D.It’scheapertogottoChicagobycar7.Man:HowabouttheexaminationlastweekWoman:IfI’dgotmoretime.Icouldhavemadeit.Question:WhatdoesthewomanimplyA.ShewasaskedtotakeanotherexaminationB.ShefailedtheexaminationlastweekC.ShedidquitewellintheexaminationD.Shedidn’ttaketheexaminationlastweek8.Man:HarvardortheStateUniversity,haveyoudecidedyetWoman:Well,I’dratherbeabigfishinasmallpond.Question:WhichuniversityisthewomanlikelytochooseA.TheStateUniversityB.HarvardC.NeitherD.Shehasn’tdecidedyet.9.Man:Ihavejustfoundagreatlocationtoopenanewshop.Woman:Butyouhaven’tresearchedthemarket.Don’tyouthinkthisputtingthecartbeforethehorseQuestion:WhatdoesthewomanmeanA.Themanshouldn’tmakethedecisionsoquicklyB.It’sriskytochoosesuchalocationC.ThemanisdoingthingsinthewrongorderD.It’spossibleforhimtomakeabetterchoice10.Woman:MyresultsareabitflatteringbecauseIhavehadquitealotofluck.Man:Nonsense,you’reheadandshouldersabovetheothersinyourgroup.Question:Whatdoesthemanthinkisthereasonforthewoman’ssuccessA.SheisreallyluckyB.SheisfarbetterthantheothersC.She’sgottheothers’supportD.She’sbeenworkinghardPartIIVocabulary(20minutes,10points,foreach)SectionADirections:Inthissectionthereare10sentences,eachwithonewordorphraseunderlined.Choosetheonefromthe4choicesmarkedthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.11.Bettywasoffendedbecauseshefeltthatherfriendshadignoredherpurposefullyattheparty.A.desperatelyB.definitelyC.deliberatelyD.decisively12.Therehasbeenenoughplayingaroundsolet’sgetdowntobusiness.A.makeadealB.beginourworkC.reachanagreementD.changeourplan13.Howisitpossibleforourhumanbodytoconvertyesterday’slunchintotoday’smuscleA.alterB.developC.modifyD.turn14.Itisimportantforfamiliestoobservetheirtraditionsevenastheirchildrengetolder.A.noticeB.watchC.followD.celebrate15.Itisdifficulttocomprehend,buteverythingyouhaveeverseen,smelt,heardorfeltismerelyyourbrain’sinterpretationofincomingstimuli.A.explanationB.evaluationC.recognitionD.interruption16.Lifeismoreimportantthanthepressuresandstressthatweplaceonourselvesoverworkandothercommitments.A.appointmentsB.arrangementsC.obligationsD.devotions17.Ifyoucontinuetoindulgeincomputergameslikethis,youfuturewillbeatstake.A.indangerB.withoutquestionC.onguardD.atlarge18.Romanticnovels,asopposedtorealisticones,tendtopresentidealizedversionsoflife,oftenwithahappyending.A.incontrasttoB.inregardtoC.intermsofD.inlightof19.Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom.A.improvesB.precedesC.imposesD.exceeds20.Manystudentstodaydisplayadisturbingwillingnesstochooseinstitutionsandcareersonthebasisofearningpotential.A.offensiveB.depressiveC.troublesomeD.tiresomeSectionBDirections:Inthissection,thereare10incompletesentences.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSERSSHEET.21.Myoldestsonhadjustfinishedan_________holidaystaypriortomovingtoanewState,anewjob,andthenextchapterinhislife.A.enlargedB.expandedC.extendedD.increased22.BlacksandAmericanIndians__________lessthan10%ofstudentsinthetop30businessschools,whiletheyareabout28%ofthe.population.A.makeupB.takeupC.reachoutD.turnout23.Withdemandcontinuingtorisein_____economiessuchasChinaandIndia,energytradersbelievethatoilfuturesareagoodbet.A.employingB.emergingC.embracingD.emitting24.Lawsandregulationsineachcountryhavetobemade___________theconstitutionofthecountry.A.inhonorofB.inmemoryofC.inreturnforD.inlinewith25.Thejury’s________wasthattheaccusedwasguiltyA.verdictB.sentenceC.trialD.debate26.InEnglishlearning,a__________cycleoccurswhenastudentmakesmoreerrorsafterbeingscolded.A.verticalB.viciousC.vividD.vigorous27.Isn’tit___________whenyoulearnsomethingyou’veneverknownbeforeA.coolB.crazyC.coldD.cute28.Thereareseveralfactors___________therapidgrowthofsalespromotion,particularlyinconsumermarkets.A.resortingtoB.appealingtoC.applyingtoD.contributingto29.TheInternethasbeendevelopingataspeed___________people’sexpectationsinthepasttwodecades.A.overB.ofC.underD.beyond30.Itisobviousthatthesportsgamesarenolongeramateuraffairs;theyhavebecomeprofessionally__________________.A.laidoffB.laidoutC.putoffD.putoutPartⅢReadingComprehension(45minutes,30point)Directions:Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby5questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestoneandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.PassageOneLonelinesshasbeenlinkedtodepressionandotherhealthproblems.Now,astudysaysitcanalsospread.Afriendofalonelypersonwas52%morelikelytodevelopfeelingsofloneliness.Andafriendofthatfriendwas25%morelikelytodothesame.Earlierfindingsshowedthathappiness,fatnessandtheabilitytostopsmokingcanalsogrowlikeinfectionswithinsocialgroups.ThefindingsallcomefromamajorhealthstudyintheAmericantownofFramingham,Massachusetts.Thestudybeganin1948toinvestigatethecausesofheartdisease.Sincethen,moretestshavebeenadded,includingmeasuresoflonelinessanddepression.Thenewfindingsinvolvedmorethan5,000peopleinthesecondgenerationoftheFraminghamHeartStudy.Theresearchersexaminedfriendshiphistoriesandreportsofloneliness.Theresultsestablishedapatternthatspreadaspeoplereportedfewerclosefriends.Forexample,lonelinesscanaffectrelationshipsbetweennext-doorneighbors.Thelonelinessspreadsasneighborswhowereclosefriendsnowspendlesstimetogether.Thestudyalsofoundthatlonelinessspreadsmoreeasilyamongwomenthanmen.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofChicago,HarvardandtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,didthestudy.ThefindingsappearedlastmonthintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.Theaveragepersonissaidtoexperiencefeelingsoflonelinessabout48daysayear.Thestudyfoundthathavingalonelyfriendcanaddabout17days.Buteveryadditionalfriendcandecreaselonelinessbyabout5%,ortwoandahalfdays.Lonelypeoplebecomelessandlesstrustingofothers.Thismakesitmoreandmoredifficultforthemtomakefriends-andmorelikelythatsocietywillrejectthem.JohnCacioppoattheUniversityofChicagoledthestudy.Hesaysitisimportanttorecognizeanddealwithloneliness.Hesayspeoplewhohavebeenpushedtotheedgesofsocietyshouldreceivehelptorepairtheirsocialnetworks.Theaimshouldbetoaggressivelycreatewhathecallsa“protectivebarrier”againstloneliness.Thisbarrier,hesays,cankeepthewholenetworkfromcomingapart.31.Besidesloneliness,whichofthefollowingcanalsospreadamongpeopleA.FriendshipB.HappinessC.DepressionD.Smoking32.TheFraminghamHeartStudystartingfrom1948________________A.expandeditsresearchtopicsB.involved5,000patientsofdepressionC.identifiedlonelinessasonekeyfactorforheartdiseaseD.examinedtherelationshipbetweenlonelinessanddepression33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthespreadoflonelinessA.ItleadstoagraduallossoffriendsB.ItisacommonphenomenonamongwomenC.itisoftenfoundintheneighborhoodD.itruinstherelationshipsbetweenclosefriends34.Havingalonelyfriend,youaremorelikelyto_________________A.strengthenyourfriendshipB.developnewfriendshipC.increasethesenseoflonelinessD.reducethesenseofloneliness35.AccordingtoJohnCacioppoattheUniversityofChicago,lonelinesscan_____________A.resultinaggressivenessB.causepeopletobeoverprotectiveC.infectsocialnetworksD.pushpeopletothevergeofpoverty36.WhatisthemainideaofthepassageA.LonelinesscanspreadB.LonelinessislinkedtodepressionC.LonelypeopletendtogrowfatD.LonelypeopleneedmorefriendsPassageTwoCaliforniahasanewprogramcalledtheDigitalTextbookInitiative.“Startingthisfallwithhighschoolmathandscience.wewillbethefirststateinthenationtoprovideschoolswithastate–approvedlistofdigitaltextbooks.”ThatwasGovernorArnoldSchwarzeneggerinJune,talkingabouthisefforttogetschoolstousematerialsavailablefreeonline.Helistedreasonswhyhethinksdigitaltextbooksmakesense.Californiaapprovestraditionaltextbooksinsix-yearcycles.Digitalonecanofferthelatestinformation.Theylightentheloadofschoolbags.Theysavepaperandtrees,andmakelearningmorefunandinteractive.Andaboveall,hesaid,theyhelpschoolswiththeirfinances.Thestatehashadtomakeseverecutsinschoolspendingbecauseofdeepfinancialproblems.MorethansixmillionstudentsattendCaliforniapublicschools.Earlierthisyear,Californiainvitedcontentdeveloperstoofferdigitalmathandsciencematerialsforhighschools.Thesehadtomeetatleast90%ofthestate’slearningrequirements.Speciallytrainedteachersexamined16textbooksandapprovedtenofthem.SixofthetenwerepublishedbytheCK12Foundation,anonprofitgroupthathadbeendevelopingdigitalscienceandmathbooksforabouttwoyears.Thefoundationpaidteachersandothereducationprofessionalstowriteandeditthem.ThemoneycamefromagroupfinancedbytheKhoslaFamily.Californiacannotrequireschoolstousethedigitaltextbooks.Individualschooldistrictswillhavetodecideforthemselves.SusanMartimo,aCaliforniaDepartmentofEducationofficial,saysshedoesnotexpectwidespreaduserightaway.Herbestguessisthatsomeschoolswithalotoftechnologywillbethefirsttousethem,butonlyinadditiontotheirtraditionalbooks.Schooladministratorspointoutthatthetextsmaybefreeonline,butstudentsneedawaytoaccessthem.Noteveryonehasacomputerorelectronicreader.Schoolscouldprintoutcopies,butthatwouldnothelptheenvironment.Also,thereisthecosttotrainteacherstousedigitaltextbookseffectively.37.TheDigitalTextbookInitiative_______________A.willprobablytakeeffectinsixyearsB.coversallthehighschoolsubjectsC.hasbeenapprovedbyallstatesD.isadvocatedbyCaliforniastategovernor38.Themainreasonforpromotingdigitaltextbooksisto______________A.helpsavemoneyB.benefittheenvironmentC.provideinterestingmaterialsD.reducestudents’heavyburden39.Thedigitaltextbookswereapprovedby___________________A.trainedteachersB.contentdevelopersC.KhoslaFamilyD.CK12Foundation40.WhatistrueofCK12FoundationA.Itproduced16digitaltextbooksB.Itpaidteacherstowritedigitaltextbooks.C.ItisfinancedbyCaliforniastategovernment.D.Itmakesmoneythroughdevelopingdigitaltextbooks.41.AccordingtoSusanMartimo,digitaltextbooks__________________A.arenotlikelytohaveawidespreaduseB.willsoonreplacetraditionalonesC,willfirstbeadoptedbywell-equippedschoolsD.arecertaintobeapprovedbyschooldistricts同等學力英語考试历年真題及参照答案PartOne(90minutes)Part1Dialoguecommunication(10minutes,10points,1foreach)SectionADialoguecompletion1.A:DavidsaidheboughtanewBMWfor$5,000!B:_____.Soundsprettycheaptome!A:Well,that’swhathesaid.A.AreyousureC.DoyouthinksoD.Ishecrazy2.A:WejustcamebackfromPhoenix.Andwehadthebestvacationinyears.B:____.I’mgladtohearit.A.Oh,mygoodness!B.HowwasitC.Oh,thereyougoagain.D.Goodforyou.3.A:Ijustcan’tstandthisclassanymoreB:____.It’srequired,andyouhavetositinitinordertograduate.A.Well,whynotjustdropoutofitB.Why,youcansaythatagain!C.Well,youmightaswellgetusedtoit.D.Why,Icouldn’tagreemore!4.A:Idon’tknowaboutyou,butIthoughtthatfilmwasterrific.B:____.Theactionwasgreat,andsowasthemusic.A.Justthesame.B.I’mwithyouthere.C.Moreorless.D.Isuredo.5.A:Dangavemeafreeridehome,butIpaidforthegas.B:Youknowwhattheysay,____.A.there’snofreelunchB.don’tbiteoffmorethanyoucanchewC.onegoodturndeservesanotherD.it’swhoyouknowthatcountsSectionBDialogueComprehension6.Woman:I’drathernottalkaboutit.Justdon’task.Man:Comeon.Ithinkyouneedtoletoffsomesteam.Question:WhatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodoA.Totalktohimabouttheproblem.B.Tokeepthesecret.C.Toreducetheworkload.D.Tohaveagoodrest.7.Woman:Julie’sdresslooksfunny.Thatstylewentoutlastyear.Man:Oh,comeon,aslongasitlooksgoodonher.Question:WhatdoesthemantrytoemphasizeA.Julie’sdressisnotoutdated.B.Julie’sdressdoesnotsuither.C.Julieshouldfollowthefashion.D.Julielooksfineinthatdress.8.Man:WhatkindofsnacksdoyoupreferWoman:Oh,I’vegotasweettooth,youknow.Question:WhatdoesthewomanprobablylikeA.Sandwich.B.Hotdogs.C.Icecream.D.Potatochips.9.Woman:I’mtiredofdrivingallthewaytoworkandbackeveryday.Ifonlycarscoulddrivethemselves!Man:Well,somecarmanufacturesareworkingonthem.Iguessyou’llsoonbuyoneifyoucanaffordit.Question:WhatdoesthemanimplyA.Thewomanwillbeabletobuyanintelligentcar.B.Carsthatdrivethemselvesmaybeveryexpensive.C.Heisworkingwithacarproduceronintelligentcars.D.Drivingtoworkisreallyaheadache.10.Man:Annie,howdoesitnotevencrossyourmindthatyoumightwantafuturewithsomeoneWoman:It’ssimple.Idon’tmindbeingmarriedtomycareer.Question:What’sAnnie’sattitudetowardsherfutureA.Shewillstaywithsomeoneunmarried.B.Shewillliveasimplelife.C.Shewillquitherjobtogetmarried.D.Shewillfullyfocusonherjob.PartIIVocabulary(20minutes,10points,foreach)SectionA11.Thenewsreportscompletelyoverlookedthemoreprofoundpoliticalimplicationsoftheevents.A.neglectedB.foresawC.exploredD.assessed12.Teachersandnurseswhodealwithchildrenareobligedtoreportcasesofsuspectedchildabusetoauthorities.A.remindedB.expectedD.requested13.Yourgradewillbebasedinlargepartontheoriginalityofyourideas.A.creativityB.popularityC.feasibilityD.flexibility14.Wesuspectthereisaquiredeliberateattempttosabotagetheelectionsandunderminetheelectoralcommission.A.consciousC.clumsyD.intentional15.SostrangewerethecircumstancesofmystorythatIcanscarcelybelievemyselftohavebeenapartytothem.A.justB.hardlyC.almostD.definitely16.Smokeparticlesandotherairpollutantsareoftentrappedintheatmosphere,thusformingdirtyfog.A.constrainedB.caughtC.concealedD.concentrated17.Employeesinchemicalfactoriesareentitledtoreceiveextrapayfordoinghazardouswork.A.poisonousB.difficultC.dangerousD.harmful18.CurtCarlson,thewealthiestmaninMinnesota,ownedahotelandtravelcompanywithsalesreachingintheneighborhoodof$9billion.A.preciselyB.merelyC.substantiallyD.approximately19.Thetendencyofthehumanbodytorejectforeignmatteristhemainobstacletosuccessfulorgantransplantation.A.factorB.constituentC.barrierD.break20.WheneveryouneedTom,heisalwaystherewhetheritbeanearorahelpinghand,soyoucanalwaysleanonhim.A.countonB.benefitfromC.standforD.sticktoSectionB21.It____withoutsayingthatconsumerswouldbehappierifpriceswerelower.A.takesC.makesD.goes22.Theworldeconomicrecessionputan____endtothesteelmarketupturnthatbeganin.A.irregularB.illegalC.abruptD.absurd23.I’m____abouthowyoudiscoveredmywebsite,andamverygladifyouenjoyit.A.mysteriousB.furiousC.seriousD.curious24.TheLaborParty’selectoralstrategy,basedonan____withothersmallerparties,hasprovedsuccessful.A.acquaintanceB.integrationC.allianceD.intimacy25.Thenewaircraftwillbe____toatestoftemperaturesof-65℃and120℃.A.suspendedB.suppressedC.summonedD.subjected26.ThemoneyIgotfromteachingonthesidewasauseful____tomyordinaryincome.A.profitB.supplementC.subsidyD.replacement27.Chinesepeoplearenowenjoyingbetterdentalhealth,asshownbythedeclining____oftoothdecay.A.treatmentB.incidenceC.consequenceD.misfortune28.Manycountrieshaveconversationprogramstopreventcertain____offishfrombecomingextinct.A.speciesB.sourcesC.numbersD.members29.Susannevertookanycookerycourses;shelearnedcookingby____usefultipsfromTVcookeryprograms.A.pickingupB.bringingupC.puttingupD.pullingup30.ThePresident_____hisdeputytoactforhimwhilehewasabroad.A.promotedB.substitutedC.authorizedD.displacedPartIIIReadingComprehension(45minutes,30points,1foreach)PassageOneUntillastspring,NiaParkerandtheotherkidsinherneighborhoodcommutedtoschoolonBus59.Butasfuelpricesrose,theschooldistrictneededtofindawaytocutitstransportationcosts.Sotheschool’sbusingcompanyredrewitsroutemap,eliminatingNia’sbusaltogether.NowNiaandherneighborstravelthehalfmiletoschoolviaa“walkingschoolbus”—agroupofkids,supervisedbyanadultortwo,whomakethewalktogether.Liketherestofus,schooldistrictsarefeelingpinchedbyrisingfuelcosts—andfindingnewwaytoadapt.Thepriceofdieselfuelhasgoneup34percentinthepasttwoyears.ForthetypicalAmericanschooldistrict,busbillstotal5percentofthebudget.Asadministratorslooktotrim,busingisaninvitingtarget,sinceitdoesn’taffectclassroominstruction(ortestscores).MorethanonethirdofAmericanschooladministratorshaveeliminatedbusstopsorroutesinordertostaywithinbudget.Manyparentsaredelightedtoseetheirkidswalkingtoschool,partlybecausemanydidsothemselves:accordingtoa1969survey,nearlyhalfofschoolkidswalkedorbikedtoschool,comparedwithonly16percentin.Modernparentshavebeenunwillingtoletkidswalktoschoolforfearoftraffic,crimeorsimplebullying,butwithorganizedadultsupervision,thoseconcernshavediminished.Schoolsandbusingcompaniesarefindingotherwaystosave.Inruralareaswherebusingisamust,someschoolshaveevenchosenfour-dayschoolweeks.Busingcompaniesinstructdriverstoeliminateextrastopsfromroutesandtoturnofftheenginewhileidling.Theyarealsousingcomputersoftwaretodeterminethemostfuel-efficientroutes,whicharen’talwaystheshortestones.Therecouldbedownsides,however,tothebusingcutbacks.Ifeveryformerlybusedstudentbeginswalkingtoschool,it’sanenvironmentalwin—butiftoomanyoftheirparentsdecidetodrivetheninstead,theoverallcarbonfootprintcangrow.Replacingbuseswithmanymoreparent-drivencarscanalsoincreasesafetyrisks:Areportconcludedstudentsare13timessaferonaschoolbusthaninapassengercar,sincebuseshavefeweraccidentsandwithstandthembetterduetotheirsize.Andsomestudentscomplainaboutthelongmorninghikes,particularlywhentheroutecontainsareallybighill.31.The“walkingschoolbus”_____.A．doesnotconsumefuelB．aimstokeepchildrenfitC．seldomcausestrafficjamsD．ispopularwithschoolkids32.InAmericatheresponsibilityforbusingkidstoschoollieswith____.A．individualschoolsB．schooldistrictsC．teacherD．parents33.Asregardswalkingtoschool,modernparentsseemmuchconcernedwiththe_____.A．timespentonthewayB．changesintherouteC．kid’sphysicalstrengthD．safetyoftheirchildren34.Tosavemoney,someschoolschooseto_____.A．taketheshortestroutesB．shortentheschoolweekC．givedrivesbettertrainingD．usefuelefficientbuses35.Busingcutbacksmayeventuallyleadto_____.A．fiercecompetitionamongbuscompaniesB．morestudentstakingpublictransportationC．anincreaseincarbondioxideemissionsD．adecreaseinthesafetyofschoolbuses36.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardsbusingcutbacksA．FavorableB．CriticalC．ObjectiveD．IndifferentPassageTwoPeoplearelivinglongerthanever,butforsomereason,womenarelivinglongerthanmen.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesincanexpectstolivetobeabout73,ababygirl,about79.Thisisindeedawidegap,andnoonereallyknowswhyitexists.Thegreaterlongevity（長寿）ofwomen,however,hasbeenknownforcenturies.Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthen–thegapisgrowing.Anumberofreasonshavebeenproposedtoaccountsforthedifferences.Thegapisgreatestinindustrializedsocieties,soithasbeensuggestedthatwomenarelesssusceptibletoworkstrainsthatmayraisetheriskofheartdiseaseandalcoholism.Sociologistsalsotellusthatwomenareencouragedtobelessadventurousthanmen(andthismaybewhytheyaremorecarefuldrivers,involvedinfeweraccidents).Evensmokinghasbeenimplicatedintheagediscrepancy.Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.Someresearchershavesuggestedthatmenmaydieearlybecausetheirhealthismorestronglyrelatedtotheiremotions.Forexample,mentendtodiesoonerafterlosingaspousethanwomendo.Menevenseemtobemoreweakenedbylossofajob.(Bothofthesearelinkedwithamarkeddecreaseintheeffectivenessoftheimmunesystem.)Amongmen,deathfollowsretirementwithanalarmingpromptness.Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.Afterall,thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian(哺乳動物的)species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.Furthermore,inmanyofthesespeciesthedifferencesbeginatthemomentofconception;therearemoremalemiscarriages（流产）.Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.37.WhatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsA．Men’slifespanremainsalmostunchanged.B．ResearchershavefoundthecauseoftheagegapC．Themoreadvancedasociety,thegreatertheagegap.D．Theagegapwasnoticedonlyrecently.38.AsissuggestedinParagraph2,thetwofactorsrelevanttowomen’slongerlifespanare____.A．diseasesandroadaccidentsB．industrializationandworkstrainsC．theirimmunitytoheartdiseaseandrefusalofalcoholD．theirenduranceofworkstrainsandreluctanceforadventure39.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueA．Thegreatnumberofmalesmokerscontributestotheagegap.B．Thegrowingnumberofsmokingwomenwillnarrowtheagegap.C．Femaleworkersaremorelikelytosmokethanmakeworkers.D．Smokingdoesnotseemtoaffectwomen’slongevity.40.WhichofthefollowingphenomenamakesresearcherspuzzledA．Men’shealthismorecloselyrelatedtotheiremotions.B．Thoughmoreliabletoillnesses,womenstilllivelonger.C．Menshowworsesymptomsthanwomenwhentheyfallill.D．Quiteanumberofmendiesoonaftertheirretirement.41.Theword“edge”inParagraph6means“_____”.A．marginB．sideC．advantageD．quality42.WhatisthemainideaofthepassageA．Thegreaterlongevityofwomenremainsamystery.B．Thatwomenarehealthierthanmenwellexplainstheirlongevity.C．Peoplearelivinglongerasaresultofindustrialization.D．Womenarelessemotionallyaffectedbydifficultiesinlife.PassageThreeManyareawareofthetremendouswasteofenergyinourenvironment,butfailtotakeadvantag